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Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt 11/2007

01.11.2007 | Übersichten

Fünfundzwanzig Jahre Lithiumaugmentation

verfasst von: T. Bschor, U. Lewitzka, A. Pfennig, M. Bauer

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 11/2007

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Zusammenfassung

Vor 25 Jahren berichtete die Forschergruppe um den kanadischen Psychiater de Montigny erstmals von der erfolgreichen Behandlung bis dahin therapierefraktärer depressiver Patienten durch die Addition von Lithium zum Antidepressivum. Bei der 1981 publizierten Arbeit handelte es sich um eine offene, unkontrollierte Beobachtung an lediglich 8 Patienten, die modernen methodischen Standards nicht genügt. Dennoch hat dieses in der Folge als „Lithiumaugmentation“ bezeichnete Behandlungsverfahren die Strategien zur Pharmakotherapie depressiver Erkrankungen nachhaltig verändert. Bemerkenswert ist auch die Vorgeschichte: De Montigny und Kollegen waren strikt theoriegeleitet zu der Idee der Lithiumaugmentation gelangt, nachdem sie in tierexperimentellen Vorarbeiten in den 1970er Jahren gefunden hatten, dass eine mehrwöchige Antidepressivavorbehandlung zu einer Sensibilisierung von zentralnervösen Serotoninrezeptoren führt. Die bekannten proserotonergen Eigenschaften des bereits seit 1949 systematisch als Psychopharmakon eingesetzten Lithiums sollten zur Stimulation dieser Rezeptoren genutzt werden. In den 1980er und 1990er Jahren belegten dann zahlreiche zunächst offene, später einfach- und doppelblinde randomisierte und plazebokontrollierte Studien die Wirksamkeit der Lithiumaugmentation. Untersuchungen zur Optimierung der klinischen Anwendung ergaben Ende der 1990er Jahre, dass eine Lithiumaugmentation bis zur Beurteilung ihrer Wirksamkeit über ca. 2 Wochen unter Ziel-Lithiumserumspiegeln, wie sie auch zur Phasenprophylaxe etabliert sind, durchgeführt und im Fall der Response für 6–12 Monate im Sinne einer Erhaltungstherapie fortgeführt werden sollte. Gegenwärtig werden die noch nicht vollständig aufgeklärten Wirkmechanismen der Lithiumaugmentation untersucht. Aktuelle Ergebnisse zeigen, dass neben der von de Montigny postulierten Idee auch eine aktivierende Wirkung auf das Stresshormonsystem eine Rolle spielen könnte. Aufgrund der guten Evidenzlage ist die Lithiumaugmentation heute ein in gängigen Leitlinien und Therapiealgorithmen bei Nonresponse auf eine Antidepressivamonotherapie empfohlenes Behandlungsverfahren.
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Metadaten
Titel
Fünfundzwanzig Jahre Lithiumaugmentation
verfasst von
T. Bschor
U. Lewitzka
A. Pfennig
M. Bauer
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2007
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 11/2007
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-007-2273-5

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