Background
Methods
Study participants
Primary outcome
Independent variables
Statistical analysis
Results
Variables | Overall sample | Non-functional disability (HAQ-DI score < 1) | Functional disability (HAQ-DI score ≥ 1) |
P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Female gender, no. (%) | 85 (84.2) | 72 (84.7) | 13 (81.2) | 0.715 |
Age, years | 54.9 ± 11.9 | 54.9 ± 12.2 | 55.3 ± 10.3 | 0.904 |
BMI, kg/m2
| 22.5 ± 3.1 | 22.3 ± 2.9 | 23.7 ± 3.6 | 0.089 |
Education, years, no. (%) | 0.755 | |||
< 9 years | 76 (75.2) | 63 (74.1) | 13 (81.2) | |
≥ 9 years | 25 (24.8) | 22 (25.9) | 3 (18.8) | |
Income/person/month, no. (%) | 0.454 | |||
≤ 1000 Yuan | 54 (53.5) | 43 (50.6) | 11 (68.8) | |
1000–3000 Yuan | 36 (35.6) | 33 (38.8) | 3 (18.8) | |
3000–5000 Yuan | 7 (6.9) | 6 (7.1) | 1 (6.2) | |
≥ 5000 Yuan | 4 (4.0) | 3 (3.5) | 1 (6.2) | |
Working status, no. (%) | 0.512 | |||
Employed | 21 (20.8) | 19 (22.4) | 2 (12.5) | |
Unemployed | 80 (79.2) | 66 (77.6) | 14 (87.5) | |
Health insurance, yes, no. (%) | 65 (64.4) | 55 (64.7) | 10 (62.5) | 0.938 |
Comorbidities, yes, no. (%) | 53 (52.5) | 43 (50.6) | 10 (62.5) | 0.425 |
Disease duration, years | 8.0 ± 8.4 | 7.1 ± 7.7 | 13.1 ± 10.5 | 0.042* |
VAS pain score (range 0–100) | 42.6 ± 26.2 | 37.6 ± 23.9 | 69.1 ± 22.4 | <0.001** |
TJC (28 joints) | 4.2 ± 6.1 | 3.1 ± 4.9 | 9.5 ± 9.0 | 0.013* |
SJC (28 joints) | 2.5 ± 3.5 | 2.0 ± 3.2 | 5.1 ± 4.1 | 0.001** |
DAS28 | 3.5 ± 1.5 | 3.2 ± 1.4 | 4.9 ± 1.6 | <0.001** |
ESR, mm/h | 25.7 ± 25.6 | 23.8 ± 23.7 | 36.1 ± 33.1 | 0.077 |
CRP, mg/l | 15.6 ± 24.4 | 14.1 ± 23.4 | 23.6 ± 28.6 | <0.001** |
RF positivity, yes, no. (%) | 77 (76.2) | 63 (74.1) | 14 (87.5) | 0.346 |
Medication adherence, yes, no. (%) | 40 (39.6) | 37 (43.5) | 3 (18.8) | 0.024* |
Grip strength ǂ (kg) | 13.9 ± 9.0 | 14.9 ± 9.1 | 9.0 ± 6.7 | 0.016* |
Pinch strength ǂ (kg) | 3.3 ± 2.3 | 3.4 ± 2.3 | 2.7 ± 1.9 | 0.205 |
Wrist flexion ǂ (degrees) | 39.7 ± 16.6 | 42.8 ± 14.7 | 23.3 ± 17.0 | <0.001** |
Wrist extension ǂ (degrees) | 36.3 ± 15.4 | 39.8 ± 13.0 | 18.3 ± 14.9 | <0.001** |
Shoulder flexion ǂ (degrees) | 129.0 ± 29.4 | 133.1 ± 26.0 | 107.1 ± 37.1 | 0.001** |
Shoulder abduction ǂ (degrees) | 126.6 ± 30.2 | 130.1 ± 25.9 | 107.8 ± 43.4 | 0.063 |
Elbow flexion ǂ (degrees) | 124.2 ± 26.5 | 127.3 ± 23.2 | 107.8 ± 36.4 | 0.006** |
Hip flexion ǂ (degrees) | 77.0 ± 18.5 | 78.1 ± 17.0 | 71.2 ± 24.9 | 0.304 |
Knee flexion ǂ (degrees) | 98.5 ± 27.3 | 102.9 ± 21.9 | 75.0 ± 39.7 | 0.014* |
Ankle dorsiflexion ǂ (degrees) | 12.3 ± 10.2 | 12.3 ± 10.6 | 12.0 ± 8.3 | 0.910 |
Ankle plantarflexion ǂ (degrees) | 44.3 ± 14.7 | 45.8 ± 14.2 | 36.4 ± 14.9 | 0.017* |
Variables | Overall sample | Non-functional disability (HAQ-DI score < 1) | Functional disability (HAQ-DI score ≥ 1) |
P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
HADS-anxiety, yes, no. (%) | 47 (46.5) | 36 (42.4) | 11 (68.8) | 0.061 |
HADS-depression, yes, no. (%) | 35 (34.7) | 24 (28.2) | 11 (68.8) | 0.003** |
Domains of SF-36 | ||||
PCS | 44.5 ± 23.1 | 48.8 ± 21.9 | 21.0 ± 14.0 | <0.001** |
MCS | 53.3 ± 22.5 | 56.7 ± 21.7 | 33.8 ± 16.6 | <0.001** |
PF | 59.4 ± 29.4 | 65.2 ± 25.5 | 27.2 ± 29.8 | <0.001** |
RP | 25.2 ± 39.8 | 29.1 ± 42.1 | 3.1 ± 8.5 | <0.001** |
BP | 51.1 ± 26.2 | 56.7 ± 23.8 | 21.4 ± 18.6 | <0.001** |
GH | 42.4 ± 20.6 | 44.2 ± 20.0 | 32.1 ± 22.2 | 0.031* |
VT | 51.7 ± 18.4 | 53.6 ± 17.5 | 39.7 ± 19.8 | 0.005** |
SF | 62.6 ± 27.4 | 68.1 ± 25.0 | 32.8 ± 20.9 | <0.001** |
RE | 37.5 ± 45.0 | 41.6 ± 45.4 | 14.6 ± 34.3 | 0.011* |
MH | 61.4 ± 19.0 | 63.7 ± 17.8 | 48.0 ± 21.2 | 0.002** |
Variables | B | S.E |
P-value | OR (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|
BP | −0.074 | 0.022 | 0.001** | 0.929 (0.890, 0.969) |
Wrist extension ǂ (degrees) | −0.102 | 0.031 | 0.001** | 0.903 (0.849, 0.960) |