Background
Methods
Study site and period
Clinical examination and laboratory investigation
Identification
Statistical analysis
Ethical consideration
Results
Demographics | Variables | Number | Fungal keratitis |
P.value | COR | 95 % CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | ||||||
Sex | Female | 67 | 29 | 38 | 1 | ||
Male | 86 | 40 | 46 | 0.691 | 1.139 | 0.599–2.167 | |
Total | 153 | 69 | 84 | ||||
Age in years | 1–14 | 26 | 6 | 20 | 1 | ||
15–24 | 38 | 22 | 16 | 0.008 | 4.583 | 1.500–14.001 | |
25–34 | 64 | 33 | 31 | 0.017 | 3.584 | 1.260–9.996 | |
35–44 | 20 | 8 | 12 | 0.221 | 2.222 | 0.619–7.974 | |
>45 | 5 | - | 5 | NA | |||
Total | 153 | 69 | 84 | ||||
Residence | Rural | 85 | 47 | 38 | 0.005 | 0.387 | 0.199–0.751 |
Urban | 68 | 22 | 46 | 1 | |||
Total | 153 | 69 | 84 | ||||
Occupation | Agriculture | 33 | 30 | 3 | 0.0001 | 90.000 | 20.985–385.987 |
Daily laborer | 23 | 13 | 10 | 0.0001 | 11.700 | 3.597–38.054 | |
Unemployed | 17 | 12 | 5 | 0.0001 | 21.600 | 5.647–82.620 | |
Student | 20 | 8 | 12 | 0.004 | 6.000 | 1.755–20.517 | |
Merchants | 7 | - | 7 | - | - | - | |
Carpenter | 7 | - | 7 | - | - | - | |
Cleaner | 9 | - | 9 | - | - | - | |
Driver | 7 | - | 7 | - | - | - | |
Secretary | 6 | - | 6 | - | - | - | |
Teacher | 15 | - | 15 | - | - | - | |
Surveyor | 9 | 6 | 3 | 1 | |||
Total | 153 | 69 | 84 | ||||
Risk factors | Trauma | 91 | 54 | 37 | 0.006 | 6.324 | 1.684–23.751 |
Unidentified | 26 | 1 | 25 | 0.146 | 0.173 | 0.016–1.836 | |
Diabetes | 7 | 5 | 2 | 0.024 | 10.883 | 1.374–85.440 | |
Contact lens | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0.118 | 8.667 | 0.577–130.111 | |
Topical steroids | 10 | 4 | 6 | 0.243 | 2.889 | 0.486–17.170 | |
Post-operative | 15 | 3 | 12 | 1 | |||
Total | 153 | 69 | 84 |
Predisposing factor | Frequency (n, %) | Fungal isolates (n = 76) | Total (n, %) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Molds (n, %) | Yeasts (n, %) | |||
Trauma | 54 (78.3) | 52 (68.4) | 9 (11.9) | 61 (80.3) |
Systemic (diabetes) | 5 (7.2) | 4 (5.3) | 1 (1.3) | 5 (6.6) |
Topical steroids | 4 (5.8) | 3 (4.0) | 1 (1.3) | 4 (5.3) |
Contact lens | 2 (2.9) | 2 (2.6) | - | 2 (2.6) |
Post-operative | 3 (4.4) | 2 (2.6) | 1 (1.3) | 3 (3.9) |
Unidentified | 1 (1.4) | - | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.3) |
Total | 69 (100) | 63 (82.9 %) | 13 (17.1 %) | 76 (100) |
Fungal isolates | Pure culture | Mixed culture | Total isolates | % of the total |
---|---|---|---|---|
C. albicans
| 9 | 3 | 12 | 15.8 |
Rhodotorula sp
| - | 1 | 1 | 1.3 |
Acremonium sp
| 3 | - | 3 | 3.9 |
Alternaria sp
| 1 | - | 1 | 1.3 |
A.flavus
| 4 | 4 | 5.3 | |
A. fumigates
| 3 | - | 3 | 3.9 |
A. niger
| 9 | 2 | 11 | 14.5 |
A.terreus
| 1 | - | 1 | 1.3 |
Cladosporium sp
| 5 | - | 5 | 6.6 |
Curvularia spp. | 1 | 1 | 1.3 | |
Fusarium oxysporium
| 5 | 1 | 6 | 7.9 |
Fusarium solani
| 11 | 2 | 13 | 17.1 |
Fusarium sp
| 2 | 2 | 2.6 | |
Penicillium spp. | 6 | - | 6 | 7.9 |
Paecilomyces sp
| 0 | 1 | 1 | 1.3 |
Rhizopus spp. | 1 | - | 1 | 1.3 |
Scedosporium sp
| 1 | 3 | 4 | 5.3 |
Sepedonium sp
| 1 | - | 1 | 1.3 |
Total | 63 | 13 | 76 | 100 |