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Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt 6/2014

01.06.2014 | Leitthema

Funktionelle MRT des Gehirns im Ruhezustand

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. W. Grodd, C.F. Beckmann

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 6/2014

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Zusammenfassung

Der Artikel gibt eine Einführung in Untersuchungen des Gehirns mithilfe funktioneller Magnetresonanztomographie, die während des Ruhezustandes („resting state“) durchgeführt werden können (rsfMRT). Diese Untersuchungen beruhen darauf, dass im „ruhenden“ Gehirn immer ein bestimmtes Maß an Hintergrundaktivität herrscht. Diese spontanen rsfMRT-Aktivitäten sind durch Fluktuationen des BOLD („blood oxygenation level-dependent“) -Signals (hauptsächlich in niederfrequenten Bereich < 0,1 Hz) gekennzeichnet, die mit der lokalen neuronalen Aktivität korrelieren und als Folge neuronaler Kopplungen mono- und polysynaptischer Verbindungen angesehen werden können. Zu den ersten ausführlich beschriebenen Netzwerken gehört das sog. „Ruhe“- oder Default-mode-Netzwerk (DMN). Es umfasst den medialen präfrontalen Kortex (MPC), den posterioren zingulären Kortex (PCC) und Präkuneus (PrC) sowie Teile des medialen Temporallappens und des lateralen und inferioren Parietallappens. Darüber hinaus ist eine Reihe weiterer Resting-state-Netzwerke (RSNs), wie z. B. ein motorisches, somatosensorisches, visuelles, auditorisches, kognitives System u. a. m., beschrieben worden, die z. T. über langstreckige Verbindungen vom Großhirnkortex zu Dienzephalon, Hirnstamm und Kleinhirn verfügen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Funktionelle MRT des Gehirns im Ruhezustand
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. W. Grodd
C.F. Beckmann
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2014
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 6/2014
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-014-4013-y

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