Future trials on endovascular stroke treatment: the not-so-easy-to-pluck fruits

Zurück zum Zitat Campbell BC, Mitchell PJ, Kleinig TJ, Dewey HM, Churilov L, Yassi N, Yan B, Dowling RJ, Parsons MW, Oxley TJ, Wu TY, Brooks M, Simpson MA, Miteff F, Levi CR, Krause M, Harrington TJ, Faulder KC, Steinfort BS, Priglinger M, Ang T, Scroop R, Barber PA, McGuinness B, Wijeratne T, Phan TG, Chong W, Chandra RV, Bladin CF, Badve M, Rice H, de Villiers L, Ma H, Desmond PM, Donnan GA, Davis SM, Investigators E-I (2015) Endovascular therapy for ischemic stroke with perfusion-imaging selection. N Engl J Med 372(11):1009–1018. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1414792 CrossRefPubMed Campbell BC, Mitchell PJ, Kleinig TJ, Dewey HM, Churilov L, Yassi N, Yan B, Dowling RJ, Parsons MW, Oxley TJ, Wu TY, Brooks M, Simpson MA, Miteff F, Levi CR, Krause M, Harrington TJ, Faulder KC, Steinfort BS, Priglinger M, Ang T, Scroop R, Barber PA, McGuinness B, Wijeratne T, Phan TG, Chong W, Chandra RV, Bladin CF, Badve M, Rice H, de Villiers L, Ma H, Desmond PM, Donnan GA, Davis SM, Investigators E-I (2015) Endovascular therapy for ischemic stroke with perfusion-imaging selection. N Engl J Med 372(11):1009–1018. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1056/​NEJMoa1414792 CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Goyal M, Menon BK, van Zwam WH, Dippel DW, Mitchell PJ, Demchuk AM, Davalos A, Majoie CB, van der Lugt A, de Miquel MA, Donnan GA, Roos YB, Bonafe A, Jahan R, Diener HC, van den Berg LA, Levy EI, Berkhemer OA, Pereira VM, Rempel J, Millan M, Davis SM, Roy D, Thornton J, Roman LS, Ribo M, Beumer D, Stouch B, Brown S, Campbell BC, van Oostenbrugge RJ, Saver JL, Hill MD, Jovin TG, collaborators H (2016) Endovascular thrombectomy after large-vessel ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from five randomised trials. Lancet 387(10029):1723–1731. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00163-X CrossRefPubMed Goyal M, Menon BK, van Zwam WH, Dippel DW, Mitchell PJ, Demchuk AM, Davalos A, Majoie CB, van der Lugt A, de Miquel MA, Donnan GA, Roos YB, Bonafe A, Jahan R, Diener HC, van den Berg LA, Levy EI, Berkhemer OA, Pereira VM, Rempel J, Millan M, Davis SM, Roy D, Thornton J, Roman LS, Ribo M, Beumer D, Stouch B, Brown S, Campbell BC, van Oostenbrugge RJ, Saver JL, Hill MD, Jovin TG, collaborators H (2016) Endovascular thrombectomy after large-vessel ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from five randomised trials. Lancet 387(10029):1723–1731. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​S0140-6736(16)00163-X CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Nogueira RG, Jadhav AP, Haussen DC, Bonafe A, Budzik RF, Bhuva P, Yavagal DR, Ribo M, Cognard C, Hanel RA, Sila CA, Hassan AE, Millan M, Levy EI, Mitchell P, Chen M, English JD, Shah QA, Silver FL, Pereira VM, Mehta BP, Baxter BW, Abraham MG, Cardona P, Veznedaroglu E, Hellinger FR, Feng L, Kirmani JF, Lopes DK, Jankowitz BT, Frankel MR, Costalat V, Vora NA, Yoo AJ, Malik AM, Furlan AJ, Rubiera M, Aghaebrahim A, Olivot JM, Tekle WG, Shields R, Graves T, Lewis RJ, Smith WS, Liebeskind DS, Saver JL, Jovin TG, Investigators DT (2017) Thrombectomy 6 to 24 hours after stroke with a mismatch between deficit and infarct. N Engl J Med. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1706442 Nogueira RG, Jadhav AP, Haussen DC, Bonafe A, Budzik RF, Bhuva P, Yavagal DR, Ribo M, Cognard C, Hanel RA, Sila CA, Hassan AE, Millan M, Levy EI, Mitchell P, Chen M, English JD, Shah QA, Silver FL, Pereira VM, Mehta BP, Baxter BW, Abraham MG, Cardona P, Veznedaroglu E, Hellinger FR, Feng L, Kirmani JF, Lopes DK, Jankowitz BT, Frankel MR, Costalat V, Vora NA, Yoo AJ, Malik AM, Furlan AJ, Rubiera M, Aghaebrahim A, Olivot JM, Tekle WG, Shields R, Graves T, Lewis RJ, Smith WS, Liebeskind DS, Saver JL, Jovin TG, Investigators DT (2017) Thrombectomy 6 to 24 hours after stroke with a mismatch between deficit and infarct. N Engl J Med. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1056/​NEJMoa1706442

Zurück zum Zitat Broderick JP, Palesch YY, Demchuk AM, Yeatts SD, Khatri P, Hill MD, Jauch EC, Jovin TG, Yan B, Silver FL, von Kummer R, Molina CA, Demaerschalk BM, Budzik R, Clark WM, Zaidat OO, Malisch TW, Goyal M, Schonewille WJ, Mazighi M, Engelter ST, Anderson C, Spilker J, Carrozzella J, Ryckborst KJ, Janis LS, Martin RH, Foster LD, Tomsick TA (2013) Endovascular therapy after intravenous t-PA versus t-PA alone for stroke. N Engl J Med 368(10):893–903. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1214300 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Broderick JP, Palesch YY, Demchuk AM, Yeatts SD, Khatri P, Hill MD, Jauch EC, Jovin TG, Yan B, Silver FL, von Kummer R, Molina CA, Demaerschalk BM, Budzik R, Clark WM, Zaidat OO, Malisch TW, Goyal M, Schonewille WJ, Mazighi M, Engelter ST, Anderson C, Spilker J, Carrozzella J, Ryckborst KJ, Janis LS, Martin RH, Foster LD, Tomsick TA (2013) Endovascular therapy after intravenous t-PA versus t-PA alone for stroke. N Engl J Med 368(10):893–903. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1056/​NEJMoa1214300 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Zurück zum Zitat Ciccone A, Valvassori L, Nichelatti M, Sgoifo A, Ponzio M, Sterzi R, Boccardi E, Investigators SE (2013) Endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 368(10):904–913. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1213701 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Ciccone A, Valvassori L, Nichelatti M, Sgoifo A, Ponzio M, Sterzi R, Boccardi E, Investigators SE (2013) Endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 368(10):904–913. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1056/​NEJMoa1213701 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Zurück zum Zitat Kidwell CS, Jahan R, Gornbein J, Alger JR, Nenov V, Ajani Z, Feng L, Meyer BC, Olson S, Schwamm LH, Yoo AJ, Marshall RS, Meyers PM, Yavagal DR, Wintermark M, Guzy J, Starkman S, Saver JL, Investigators MR (2013) A trial of imaging selection and endovascular treatment for ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 368(10):914–923. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1212793 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kidwell CS, Jahan R, Gornbein J, Alger JR, Nenov V, Ajani Z, Feng L, Meyer BC, Olson S, Schwamm LH, Yoo AJ, Marshall RS, Meyers PM, Yavagal DR, Wintermark M, Guzy J, Starkman S, Saver JL, Investigators MR (2013) A trial of imaging selection and endovascular treatment for ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 368(10):914–923. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1056/​NEJMoa1212793 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Zurück zum Zitat Berkhemer OA, Fransen PS, Beumer D, van den Berg LA, Lingsma HF, Yoo AJ, Schonewille WJ, Vos JA, Nederkoorn PJ, Wermer MJ, van Walderveen MA, Staals J, Hofmeijer J, van Oostayen JA, Lycklama a Nijeholt GJ, Boiten J, Brouwer PA, Emmer BJ, de Bruijn SF, van Dijk LC, Kappelle LJ, Lo RH, van Dijk EJ, de Vries J, de Kort PL, van Rooij WJ, van den Berg JS, van Hasselt BA, Aerden LA, Dallinga RJ, Visser MC, Bot JC, Vroomen PC, Eshghi O, Schreuder TH, Heijboer RJ, Keizer K, Tielbeek AV, den Hertog HM, Gerrits DG, van den Berg-Vos RM, Karas GB, Steyerberg EW, Flach HZ, Marquering HA, Sprengers ME, Jenniskens SF, Beenen LF, van den Berg R, Koudstaal PJ, van Zwam WH, Roos YB, van der Lugt A, van Oostenbrugge RJ, Majoie CB, Dippel DW, Investigators MC (2015) A randomized trial of intraarterial treatment for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 372(1):11–20. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1411587 CrossRefPubMed Berkhemer OA, Fransen PS, Beumer D, van den Berg LA, Lingsma HF, Yoo AJ, Schonewille WJ, Vos JA, Nederkoorn PJ, Wermer MJ, van Walderveen MA, Staals J, Hofmeijer J, van Oostayen JA, Lycklama a Nijeholt GJ, Boiten J, Brouwer PA, Emmer BJ, de Bruijn SF, van Dijk LC, Kappelle LJ, Lo RH, van Dijk EJ, de Vries J, de Kort PL, van Rooij WJ, van den Berg JS, van Hasselt BA, Aerden LA, Dallinga RJ, Visser MC, Bot JC, Vroomen PC, Eshghi O, Schreuder TH, Heijboer RJ, Keizer K, Tielbeek AV, den Hertog HM, Gerrits DG, van den Berg-Vos RM, Karas GB, Steyerberg EW, Flach HZ, Marquering HA, Sprengers ME, Jenniskens SF, Beenen LF, van den Berg R, Koudstaal PJ, van Zwam WH, Roos YB, van der Lugt A, van Oostenbrugge RJ, Majoie CB, Dippel DW, Investigators MC (2015) A randomized trial of intraarterial treatment for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 372(1):11–20. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1056/​NEJMoa1411587 CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Goyal M, Demchuk AM, Menon BK, Eesa M, Rempel JL, Thornton J, Roy D, Jovin TG, Willinsky RA, Sapkota BL, Dowlatshahi D, Frei DF, Kamal NR, Montanera WJ, Poppe AY, Ryckborst KJ, Silver FL, Shuaib A, Tampieri D, Williams D, Bang OY, Baxter BW, Burns PA, Choe H, Heo JH, Holmstedt CA, Jankowitz B, Kelly M, Linares G, Mandzia JL, Shankar J, Sohn SI, Swartz RH, Barber PA, Coutts SB, Smith EE, Morrish WF, Weill A, Subramaniam S, Mitha AP, Wong JH, Lowerison MW, Sajobi TT, Hill MD, Investigators ET (2015) Randomized assessment of rapid endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 372(11):1019–1030. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1414905 CrossRefPubMed Goyal M, Demchuk AM, Menon BK, Eesa M, Rempel JL, Thornton J, Roy D, Jovin TG, Willinsky RA, Sapkota BL, Dowlatshahi D, Frei DF, Kamal NR, Montanera WJ, Poppe AY, Ryckborst KJ, Silver FL, Shuaib A, Tampieri D, Williams D, Bang OY, Baxter BW, Burns PA, Choe H, Heo JH, Holmstedt CA, Jankowitz B, Kelly M, Linares G, Mandzia JL, Shankar J, Sohn SI, Swartz RH, Barber PA, Coutts SB, Smith EE, Morrish WF, Weill A, Subramaniam S, Mitha AP, Wong JH, Lowerison MW, Sajobi TT, Hill MD, Investigators ET (2015) Randomized assessment of rapid endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 372(11):1019–1030. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1056/​NEJMoa1414905 CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Saver JL, Goyal M, Bonafe A, Diener HC, Levy EI, Pereira VM, Albers GW, Cognard C, Cohen DJ, Hacke W, Jansen O, Jovin TG, Mattle HP, Nogueira RG, Siddiqui AH, Yavagal DR, Baxter BW, Devlin TG, Lopes DK, Reddy VK, du Mesnil de Rochemont R, Singer OC, Jahan R (2015) Stent-retriever thrombectomy after intravenous t-PA vs. t-PA alone in stroke. N Engl J Med 372(24):2285–2295. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1415061 CrossRefPubMed Saver JL, Goyal M, Bonafe A, Diener HC, Levy EI, Pereira VM, Albers GW, Cognard C, Cohen DJ, Hacke W, Jansen O, Jovin TG, Mattle HP, Nogueira RG, Siddiqui AH, Yavagal DR, Baxter BW, Devlin TG, Lopes DK, Reddy VK, du Mesnil de Rochemont R, Singer OC, Jahan R (2015) Stent-retriever thrombectomy after intravenous t-PA vs. t-PA alone in stroke. N Engl J Med 372(24):2285–2295. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1056/​NEJMoa1415061 CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Jovin TG, Chamorro A, Cobo E, de Miquel MA, Molina CA, Rovira A, San Roman L, Serena J, Abilleira S, Ribo M, Millan M, Urra X, Cardona P, Lopez-Cancio E, Tomasello A, Castano C, Blasco J, Aja L, Dorado L, Quesada H, Rubiera M, Hernandez-Perez M, Goyal M, Demchuk AM, von Kummer R, Gallofre M, Davalos A, Investigators RT (2015) Thrombectomy within 8 hours after symptom onset in ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 372(24):2296–2306. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1503780 CrossRefPubMed Jovin TG, Chamorro A, Cobo E, de Miquel MA, Molina CA, Rovira A, San Roman L, Serena J, Abilleira S, Ribo M, Millan M, Urra X, Cardona P, Lopez-Cancio E, Tomasello A, Castano C, Blasco J, Aja L, Dorado L, Quesada H, Rubiera M, Hernandez-Perez M, Goyal M, Demchuk AM, von Kummer R, Gallofre M, Davalos A, Investigators RT (2015) Thrombectomy within 8 hours after symptom onset in ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 372(24):2296–2306. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1056/​NEJMoa1503780 CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Bracard S, Ducrocq X, Mas JL, Soudant M, Oppenheim C, Moulin T, Guillemin F (2016) Mechanical thrombectomy after intravenous alteplase versus alteplase alone after stroke (THRACE): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 15(11):1138–1147. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(16)30177-6 CrossRefPubMed Bracard S, Ducrocq X, Mas JL, Soudant M, Oppenheim C, Moulin T, Guillemin F (2016) Mechanical thrombectomy after intravenous alteplase versus alteplase alone after stroke (THRACE): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 15(11):1138–1147. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​s1474-4422(16)30177-6 CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Shireman TI, Wang K, Saver JL, Goyal M, Bonafe A, Diener HC, Levy EI, Pereira VM, Albers GW, Cognard C, Hacke W, Jansen O, Jovin TG, Mattle HP, Nogueira RG, Siddiqui AH, Yavagal DR, Devlin TG, Lopes DK, Reddy VK, du Mesnil de Rochemont R, Jahan R, Vilain KA, House J, Lee JM, Cohen DJ, Investigators S-P (2017) Cost-effectiveness of solitaire stent retriever thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: results from the SWIFT-PRIME trial (solitaire with the intention for thrombectomy as primary endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke). Stroke 48(2):379–387. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.014735 CrossRefPubMed Shireman TI, Wang K, Saver JL, Goyal M, Bonafe A, Diener HC, Levy EI, Pereira VM, Albers GW, Cognard C, Hacke W, Jansen O, Jovin TG, Mattle HP, Nogueira RG, Siddiqui AH, Yavagal DR, Devlin TG, Lopes DK, Reddy VK, du Mesnil de Rochemont R, Jahan R, Vilain KA, House J, Lee JM, Cohen DJ, Investigators S-P (2017) Cost-effectiveness of solitaire stent retriever thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: results from the SWIFT-PRIME trial (solitaire with the intention for thrombectomy as primary endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke). Stroke 48(2):379–387. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1161/​STROKEAHA.​116.​014735 CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Goyal M, Almekhlafi M, Menon B, Hill M, Fargen K, Parsons M, Bang OY, Siddiqui A, Andersson T, Mendes V, Davalos A, Turk A, Mocco J, Campbell B, Nogueira R, Gupta R, Murphy S, Jovin T, Khatri P, Miao Z, Demchuk A, Broderick JP, Saver J (2014) Challenges of acute endovascular stroke trials. Stroke 45(10):3116–3122. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.006288 CrossRefPubMed Goyal M, Almekhlafi M, Menon B, Hill M, Fargen K, Parsons M, Bang OY, Siddiqui A, Andersson T, Mendes V, Davalos A, Turk A, Mocco J, Campbell B, Nogueira R, Gupta R, Murphy S, Jovin T, Khatri P, Miao Z, Demchuk A, Broderick JP, Saver J (2014) Challenges of acute endovascular stroke trials. Stroke 45(10):3116–3122. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1161/​STROKEAHA.​114.​006288 CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Goyal M, Gonzalez RG, Hirsch JA, Goyal M, Yu AY, Menon BK, Dippel DW, Hacke W, Davis SM, Fisher M, Yavagal DR, Turjman F, Ross J, Yoshimura S, Miao Z, Bhatia R, Almekhlafi M, Murayama Y, Sohn SI, Saver JL, Demchuk AM, Hill MD (2016) Endovascular therapy in acute ischemic stroke: challenges and transition from trials to bedside. J Neurointerv Surg 47(2):548–553. https://doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2015-012231. 10.1161/strokeaha.115.011426 Goyal M, Gonzalez RG, Hirsch JA, Goyal M, Yu AY, Menon BK, Dippel DW, Hacke W, Davis SM, Fisher M, Yavagal DR, Turjman F, Ross J, Yoshimura S, Miao Z, Bhatia R, Almekhlafi M, Murayama Y, Sohn SI, Saver JL, Demchuk AM, Hill MD (2016) Endovascular therapy in acute ischemic stroke: challenges and transition from trials to bedside. J Neurointerv Surg 47(2):548–553. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1136/​neurintsurg-2015-012231.​ 10.​1161/​strokeaha.​115.​011426

Zurück zum Zitat Goyal M (2014) Ongoing acute endovascular stroke trials: is execution more important than design? Stroke 45(10):3112–3115. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.006277 CrossRefPubMed Goyal M (2014) Ongoing acute endovascular stroke trials: is execution more important than design? Stroke 45(10):3112–3115. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1161/​STROKEAHA.​114.​006277 CrossRefPubMed