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01.12.2017 | Research article | Ausgabe 1/2017 Open Access

Genetic diversity of Leishmania donovani that causes cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka: a cross sectional study with regional comparisons

Zeitschrift:: BMC Infectious Diseases > Ausgabe 1/2017

Autoren:: Udeshika Lakmini Kariyawasam, Angamuthu Selvapandiyan, Keshav Rai, Tasaduq Hussain Wani, Kavita Ahuja, Mizra Adil Beg, Hasitha Upendra Premathilake, Narayan Raj Bhattarai, Yamuna Deepani Siriwardena, Daibin Zhong, Guofa Zhou, Suman Rijal, Hira Nakhasi, Nadira D. Karunaweera

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The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-017-2883-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Abstract

Background

Leishmania donovani is the etiological agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the Indian subcontinent. However, it is also known to cause cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Sri Lanka. Sri Lankan L. donovani differs from other L. donovani strains, both at the molecular and biochemical level. To investigate the different species or strain-specific differences of L. donovani in Sri Lanka we evaluated sequence variation of the kinetoplastid DNA (kDNA).

Methods

Parasites isolated from skin lesions of 34 CL patients and bone marrow aspirates from 4 VL patients were genotyped using the kDNA minicircle PCR analysis. A total of 301 minicircle sequences that included sequences from Sri Lanka, India, Nepal and six reference species of Leishmania were analyzed.

Results

Haplotype diversity of Sri Lankan isolates were high (H _d = 0.757) with strong inter-geographical genetic differentiation (F _ST > 0.25). In this study, L. donovani isolates clustered according to their geographic origin, while Sri Lankan isolates formed a separate cluster and were clearly distinct from other Leishmania species. Within the Sri Lankan group, there were three distinct sub-clusters formed, from CL patients who responded to standard antimony therapy, CL patients who responded poorly to antimony therapy and from VL patients. There was no specific clustering of sequences based on geographical origin within Sri Lanka.

Conclusion

This study reveals high levels of haplotype diversity of L. donovani in Sri Lanka with a distinct genetic association with clinically relevant phenotypic characteristics. The use of genetic tools to identify clinically relevant features of Leishmania parasites has important therapeutic implications for leishmaniasis.

Additional file 1: Multiple sequence alignment. Multiple sequence alignment of the Sri Lankan, Indian and Nepalese isolates along with the reference sequences using CLUSTAL 2.1 multiple sequence alignment. Dashes(−) represent gaps introduced to optimize alignment. Asteriks (*) represent consensus nucleotides in the sequence. Lb(P):L. braziliensis [Peru] (Skin);Ld(DD8)/Ld(IN):L. donovani [India] (Bone marrow); Li(SP):L. infantum [Spain] (Unknown); Lm(A1):L. major [Libya]; Lt(TK):L. tropica [Turkey] (Skin); Lam: L. amazonenis (Skin); Li(TK):L. infantum [Turkey] (Spleen); SL-VL (52–55): VL Sri Lankan isolate (Bone marrow); SL_CL-S:Leishmania CL Sri Lankan isolate (Skin); SL_CL-DR:Leishmania CL Sri Lankan that failed to respond to antimonial drugs (Skin); IN-VL: L. donovani [India] (Bone marrow); IN-PKDL: Leishmania from post-kala azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) [India] (Skin); NP-VL: Leishmania VL Nepalian isolate (Bone marrow); NP-PKDL:Leishmania cause PKDL [Nepal] (Skin). (DOCX 25 kb)

Additional file 2: The isolation by distance analysis showed the linear correlation between genetic diversity and geographic distance. Three populations were defined such as Sri Lanka, India and Nepal. However, this correlation was not statistically significant. (DOC 175 kb)

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Titel: Genetic diversity of Leishmania donovani that causes cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka: a cross sectional study with regional comparisons
Autoren:: Udeshika Lakmini Kariyawasam
Angamuthu Selvapandiyan
Keshav Rai
Tasaduq Hussain Wani
Kavita Ahuja
Mizra Adil Beg
Hasitha Upendra Premathilake
Narayan Raj Bhattarai
Yamuna Deepani Siriwardena
Daibin Zhong
Guofa Zhou
Suman Rijal
Hira Nakhasi
Nadira D. Karunaweera
Publikationsdatum: 01.12.2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-017-2883-x
Verlag: BioMed Central
Zeitschrift: BMC Infectious Diseases BMC series – open, inclusive and trusted
Ausgabe 1/2017
Elektronische ISSN: 1471-2334

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Genetic diversity of Leishmania donovani that causes cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka: a cross sectional study with regional comparisons

Electronic supplementary material

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

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Electronic supplementary material

Abstract

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Conclusion

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