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Pediatric Nephrology

Erschienen in:

01.03.2011 | Review

Genetics of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract

verfasst von: Renfang Song, Ihor V. Yosypiv

Erschienen in: Pediatric Nephrology | Ausgabe 3/2011

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Abstract

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) occur in 1 in 500 births and are a major cause of morbidity in children. Notably, CAKUT account for the most cases of pediatric end-stage renal disease and predispose the individual to hypertension and cardiovascular disease throughout life. Although some forms of CAKUT are a part of a syndrome or are associated with a positive family history, most cases of renal system anomalies are sporadic and isolated to the urinary tract. Broad phenotypic spectrum of CAKUT and variability in genotype–phenotype correlation indicate that pathogenesis of CAKUT is a complex process that depends on interplay of many factors. This review focuses on the genetic mechanisms (single-gene mutations, modifier genes) leading to renal system anomalies in humans and discusses emerging insights into the role of epigenetics, in utero environmental factors, and micro-RNAs (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis of CAKUT. Common gene networks that function in defined temporospatial fashion to orchestrate renal system morphogenesis are highlighted. Derangements in cellular, molecular, and morphogenetic mechanisms that direct normal renal system development are emphasized as a major cause of CAKUT. Integrated understanding of how morphogenetic process disruptions are linked to CAKUT will enable improved diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of congenital renal system anomalies and their consequences.

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Titel: Genetics of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract
verfasst von: Renfang Song
Ihor V. Yosypiv
Publikationsdatum: 01.03.2011
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in: Pediatric Nephrology / Ausgabe 3/2011
Print ISSN: 0931-041X
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-198X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-010-1629-4

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Genetics of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract

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