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Erschienen in: Die Ophthalmologie 7/2007

01.07.2007 | Leitthema

Genetische Untersuchungen bei kongenitaler Katarakt

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. B. Lorenz

Erschienen in: Die Ophthalmologie | Ausgabe 7/2007

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Zusammenfassung

Die beidseitige kongenitale Katarakt ist in mindestens 25% genetisch bedingt, die einseitige meist sporadisch. Die Genetik ist extrem heterogen – derzeit sind über 30 Gene identifiziert. Klinisch werden Phänotypen nach Lage und Form der Trübungen beschrieben, wobei Mutationen im gleichen Gen unterschiedliche Phänotypen erzeugen können (klinische Heterogenität) und Mutationen in unterschiedlichen Genen ähnliche Phänotypen (genetische Heterogenität). Der Erbgang ist meist autosomal-dominant, aber auch autosomal-rezessive und X-chromosomale Formen werden beobachtet. Die Expressivität kann variabel und die Penetranz reduziert sein, und bei X-chromosomalen Katarakten können Konduktorinnen Minorvarianten aufweisen. Deshalb sind eine genaue Stammbaumerhebung und Familienuntersuchung für die korrekte humangenetische Beratung essenziell. Metabolische Formen werden laborchemisch diagnostiziert. Eine molekulargenetische Untersuchung wird derzeit routinemäßig nur für wenige Gene angeboten.
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Metadaten
Titel
Genetische Untersuchungen bei kongenitaler Katarakt
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. B. Lorenz
Publikationsdatum
01.07.2007
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Ophthalmologie / Ausgabe 7/2007
Print ISSN: 2731-720X
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7218
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-007-1557-2

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