Bile salts possess potent antimicrobial activity via damage membranes and DNA. To survive in bile and subsequently cause biliary tract infections, bacteria must have intrinsic resistance mechanisms to contend with bile stress [
17]. Genomic analysis of
S. algae ACCC showed the presence of numerous genes which may determine its bile resistance properties, supporting this strain’s pathogenicity in causing cholecystitis. Comparative genomic analysis identified the presence of
htpB in ACCC but not in clinical isolated MARS 14.
htpB encoding chaperonin, which has been reported to implicate in bacteria response to bile [
18]. We also predicted conservative genes associated with bile adaption.
S. algae ACCC possessed
exbBD encoding Ton energy transduction system implicated in the response to bile [
19]. We also detected
phoPQ regulon,
galU, and
wecA involved in bile resistance [
17]. The gene encoding bile-inducible molecular chaperone DnaK was also identified [
17]. The resistance-nodulation-cell division family members have been associated with tolerance to bile salts, multidrug resistance and biofilm formation [
20]. Analysis of the genome of strain ACCC revealed the existence of genes encoding resistance-nodulation-cell division pump AdeFGH. Further studies are required to verify its genetic properties, along with the virulence potential, evolution traits for its zoonotic properties and spreading capabilities.