Acute flaccid paralysis is a clinical syndrome, which refer to a symptom of paralysis or weakness. There is much cause of infectious and non-infectious. It can be cause by many diseases such as poliomyelitis, enteritis, myositis, meningitis and encephalitis. Poliovirus was the main cause of AFP can cause poliomyelitis. In March 2014, Thailand completely eradicated poliomyelitis and left non-polio enteroviruses as one of the main potential causes of AFP [
1]. So, we aimed to highlight the role of NPEV in association with AFP start from the year before and after eradicate. Enterovirus is a genus belonging to the family Picornaviridae [
2‐
4]. According to the classification, 12 species can cause disease in both humans and animals [
5‐
9]. However, 4 species of Enterovirus A-D and 3 species of Rhinovirus causes disease in humans. Enterovirus E-L causes disease in animals. Enteroviruses A (EVA), B, C, and D, consist of 25, 63, 23, and 5 types respectively. Rhinoviruses A, B and C are composed of 80, 32, and 57 types, while some are pending classification [
2,
3]. Currently studies on non-polio enterovirus are being conducted in many countries, but the enterovirus isolated varies in each country [
10‐
17]. The AFP surveillance system available in each country can detect non polio enteroviruses some are rare types such as EVC95 EVC105 in Northern India, EVC99 and EVA120 in Nigeria [
18,
19], so it is necessary to study the isolated enterovirus genotype as a source for further study in each country. In Thailand, the last wild poliovirus was reported in 1997 [
20], and Thailand was declared polio-free in 2014. The detection of Enteroviruses in AFP patients plays an important role when an enterovirus is found in an AFP surveillance cluster outbreak. Over the years, the number of poliomyelitis cases has reduced worldwide, and the disease has been eradicated in some parts of the world, leaving NPEV as one of the main potential causes of AFP. Regarding NPEVs identified by AFP surveillance in Thailand in 2013 and 2014, almost 50% were untyped, based on WHO protocols for EV detection [
21]. Many researchers found NPEVs in AFP patients [
22‐
25]. EVA71 are a public health problem in Thailand and can lead to death. A study of the role of EVA71 in Brazil showed a resultant link to some AFP cases [
26]. Therefore, we must be alert for NPEV in AFP cases. Against this background, identifying the genotypes circulating in the country may improve our understanding of the epidemiology of EV infection; moreover, in the wider context of polio eradication, it may provide assurance that Poliovirus is not being overlooked. Laboratory data were analysed to provide an overview of the NPEV genotypes identified and their occurrence, diversity, and patterns of circulation in cases of AFP identified in Thailand in 2013 and 2014.