Background
Literature search strategy
Ageing and its impact on bronchiectasis
Geographic variation in the aetiology of bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis in children vs adults
Bronchiectasis in Europe
Bronchiectasis in the Americas
Bronchiectasis in the Asia-Pacific region
Geographic variation in the epidemiology of bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis in children vs adults
Bronchiectasis in Europe
Bronchiectasis in the Americas
Bronchiectasis in the Asia-Pacific region
Geographic variation in the microbiology of bronchiectasis
The Bacteriome
The bronchiectasis bacteriome in children vs adults
The bronchiectasis bacteriome in Europe
The bronchiectasis bacteriome in the Americas
The bronchiectasis bacteriome in the Asia-pacific region
Method | Population | Sample size | Predominant pathogens (by sequencing) | Predominant pathogens (by culture) | Ref | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sputum culture | BAL culture | 16S rRNA sequencing | |||||
✓ | Adult | n = 123 | N.A. |
P. aeruginosa
H. influenzae
M. avium intracellulare
S. pneumoniae
S. aureus
| [128] | ||
✓ | Adult | n = 100 | N.A. |
P. aeruginosa
H. influenzae
S. pneumoniae
S. aureus
M. catarrhalis
| [74] | ||
✓ | Adult | n = 193 | N.A. |
H. influenzae
P. aeruginosa
M. catarrhalis
S. pneumoniae
S. aureus
A. fumigatus
| [32] | ||
✓ | Adult | n = 155 | N.A. |
H. influenzae
P. aeruginosa
S. pneumoniae
M. catarrhalis
S. aureus
| [70] | ||
✓ | ✓ | Adult | n = 77 | N.A. |
H. influenzae
S. pneumoniae
P. aeruginosa
| [129] | |
✓ | Children | n = 113 | N.A |
NTHi
S. pneumoniae
M. catarrhalis
S. aureus
P. aeruginosa
| [88] | ||
✓ | Adult | n = 89 | N.A. |
H. influenzae
P. aeruginosa
M. catarrhalis
S. pneumoniae
S. aureus
Aspergillus spp. M.avium complex | [69] | ||
✓ | Adult | n = 11 |
P. aeruginosa
Prevotella spp.
Streptococcus spp.
Haemophilus spp
| N.A. | [65] | ||
✓ | Adult | n = 41 |
H. influenzae
P. aeruginosa
S. pneumoniae
S. aureus
M. catarrhalis
| N.A. | [66] | ||
✓ | ✓ | Adult | n = 70 |
Pseudomonadaceae
Pasteurellaceae
Streptococcaceae
|
P. aeruginosa
H. influenzae
| [71] | |
✓ | ✓ | Adult | Culture: Stable: n = 40 Exacerbation : n = 11 Sequencing: Stable: n = 10 Exacerbation : n = 19 |
Haemophilus spp.
Pseudomonas spp.
Streptococcus spp.
Achromobacter spp
|
Stable patients:
P. aeruginosa
H. influenzae
Prevotella spp.
Veillonella spp.
Exacerbation patients:
P. aeruginosa
H. influenzae
S. pneumoniae
Methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
| [94] | |
✓ | ✓ | Adult | Stable n = 76, n = 64/76 patients followed-up during exacerbation. |
Hemophilus spp.
Pseudomonas spp.
Streptococcus spp.
|
P. aeruginosa
S. aureus
H. influenzae
| [67] |