Background
Methods
Study area
Data sources
Indicators measuring heterogeneity and inequality
Data analysis
Results
Heterogeneity of coverage in improved WSS
Administrative Region | Improved Indicator | Model Estimate(JMP adj.) | Raw coverage | Population(UN adj.) | Gini | Theil L | Theil T |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Country | Sanitation | 0.57 | 0.584 | 27,156,000 | 0.272 | 0.143 | 0.119 |
Drinking water | 0.92 | 0.858 | 0.078 | 0.017 | 0.015 | ||
Province No.1 | Sanitation | 0.621 | 0.573 | 4,654,292 | 0.227 | 0.099 | 0.085 |
Drinking water | 0.935 | 0.834 | 0.073 | 0.013 | 0.012 | ||
Province No.2 | Sanitation | 0.347 | 0.394 | 5,551,672 | 0.319 | 0.167 | 0.159 |
Drinking water | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.01 | 0.001 | 0.001 | ||
Province No.3 | Sanitation | 0.793 | 0.709 | 5,633,266 | 0.176 | 0.074 | 0.06 |
Drinking water | 0.865 | 0.841 | 0.101 | 0.021 | 0.018 | ||
Province No.4 | Sanitation | 0.719 | 0.784 | 2,164,437 | 0.145 | 0.039 | 0.035 |
Drinking water | 0.938 | 0.925 | 0.062 | 0.007 | 0.007 | ||
Province No.5 | Sanitation | 0.541 | 0.606 | 4,870,079 | 0.218 | 0.098 | 0.08 |
Drinking water | 0.942 | 0.925 | 0.071 | 0.014 | 0.012 | ||
Province No.6 | Sanitation | 0.525 | 0.525 | 1,672,443 | 0.184 | 0.075 | 0.062 |
Drinking water | 0.705 | 0.656 | 0.132 | 0.026 | 0.026 | ||
Province No.7 | Sanitation | 0.43 | 0.474 | 2,609,811 | 0.263 | 0.124 | 0.109 |
Drinking water | 0.849 | 0.820 | 0.136 | 0.04 | 0.035 |
Districts | Model Estimate(JMP adj) | Raw coveragea | Gini | RGI scoreb | Theil L | Theil T |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kathmandu | 1.000 | 0.983 | 0.004 | ↓-0.043 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Bhaktapur | 1.000 | 0.963 | 0.006 | ↓-0.045 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Lalitpur | 0.989 | 1.00 | 0.026 | − 0.025 | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Dolpa | 0.885 | 0.973 | 0.061 | −0.010 | 0.007 | 0.007 |
Chitawan | 0.885 | 0.903 | 0.047 | −0.023 | 0.005 | 0.005 |
Kaski | 0.884 | 0.946 | 0.083 | 0.012 | 0.015 | 0.014 |
Morang | 0.811 | 0.854 | 0.114 | ↑0.029 | 0.024 | 0.022 |
Syangja | 0.769 | 0.839 | 0.061 | ↓-0.032 | 0.008 | 0.008 |
Jhapa | 0.747 | 0.623 | 0.088 | −0.009 | 0.030 | 0.022 |
Sunsari | 0.738 | 0.818 | 0.163 | ↑0.065 | 0.068 | 0.056 |
Palpa | 0.725 | 0.795 | 0.081 | −0.019 | 0.016 | 0.014 |
Kavrepalanchok | 0.721 | 0.698 | 0.126 | ↑0.024 | 0.031 | 0.027 |
Nawalparasi | 0.711 | 0.779 | 0.123 | 0.020 | 0.035 | 0.029 |
Mustang | 0.710 | – | 0.110 | 0.007 | 0.020 | 0.021 |
Dolakha | 0.709 | 0.703 | 0.110 | 0.006 | 0.023 | 0.021 |
Myagdi | 0.687 | 0.561 | 0.088 | −0.019 | 0.012 | 0.013 |
Surkhet | 0.684 | 0.739 | 0.064 | ↓-0.044 | 0.006 | 0.006 |
Gorkha | 0.678 | 0.726 | 0.090 | ↓-0.019 | 0.013 | 0.012 |
Makwanpur | 0.674 | 0.609 | 0.129 | 0.019 | 0.042 | 0.034 |
Baglung | 0.674 | 0.754 | 0.192 | ↑0.081 | 0.082 | 0.067 |
Parbat | 0.665 | 0.846 | 0.184 | ↑0.072 | 0.073 | 0.063 |
Humla | 0.637 | 0.561 | 0.041 | ↓-0.076 | 0.003 | 0.003 |
Mugu | 0.636 | 0.886 | 0.073 | ↓-0.044 | 0.008 | 0.008 |
Khotang | 0.629 | 0.753 | 0.111 | −0.007 | 0.023 | 0.021 |
Taplejung | 0.612 | 0.632 | 0.094 | ↓-0.028 | 0.017 | 0.016 |
Darchula | 0.608 | 0.651 | 0.050 | ↓-0.073 | 0.005 | 0.005 |
Tanahu | 0.604 | 0.671 | 0.147 | ↑0.024 | 0.034 | 0.033 |
Rupandehi | 0.603 | 0.753 | 0.249 | ↑0.126 | 0.178 | 0.121 |
Lamjung | 0.590 | 0.512 | 0.060 | ↓-0.065 | 0.006 | 0.006 |
Pyuthan | 0.587 | 0.746 | 0.135 | 0.008 | 0.050 | 0.040 |
Rolpa | 0.585 | 0.351 | 0.194 | ↑0.067 | 0.082 | 0.066 |
Jajarkot | 0.565 | 0.538 | 0.025 | ↓-0.105 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Baitadi | 0.551 | 0.592 | 0.070 | ↓-0.063 | 0.013 | 0.011 |
Manang | 0.530 | – | 0.001 | ↓-0.136 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Udayapur | 0.522 | 0.553 | 0.229 | ↑0.091 | 0.097 | 0.085 |
Saptari | 0.520 | 0.457 | 0.316 | ↑0.178 | 0.211 | 0.167 |
Salyan | 0.520 | 0.400 | 0.111 | ↓-0.028 | 0.027 | 0.023 |
Dang | 0.518 | 0.570 | 0.163 | ↓0.024 | 0.054 | 0.046 |
Rukum | 0.516 | 0.470 | 0.054 | ↓-0.085 | 0.009 | 0.008 |
Sindhuli | 0.508 | 0.474 | 0.290 | ↑0.149 | 0.162 | 0.137 |
Dhankuta | 0.499 | 0.770 | 0.139 | −0.004 | 0.031 | 0.030 |
Kanchanpur | 0.492 | 0.576 | 0.246 | ↑0.102 | 0.126 | 0.101 |
Sindhupalchok | 0.488 | 0.450 | 0.092 | ↓-0.052 | 0.014 | 0.014 |
Bara | 0.470 | 0.479 | 0.220 | ↑0.072 | 0.101 | 0.083 |
Dadeldhura | 0.464 | 0.429 | 0.099 | ↓-0.050 | 0.021 | 0.019 |
Kailali | 0.463 | 0.577 | 0.276 | ↑0.126 | 0.128 | 0.118 |
Dhading | 0.460 | 0.354 | 0.163 | 0.013 | 0.043 | 0.043 |
Parsa | 0.458 | 0.619 | 0.247 | ↑0.097 | 0.128 | 0.107 |
Ilam | 0.453 | 0.448 | 0.182 | ↑0.031 | 0.052 | 0.052 |
Rautahat | 0.452 | 0.676 | 0.173 | ↑0.022 | 0.051 | 0.047 |
Arghakhanchi | 0.448 | 0.380 | 0.063 | ↓-0.089 | 0.006 | 0.006 |
Ramechhap | 0.447 | 0.209 | 0.142 | −0.010 | 0.033 | 0.032 |
Kapilbastu | 0.442 | 0.426 | 0.136 | ↓-0.017 | 0.035 | 0.031 |
Banke | 0.440 | 0.564 | 0.284 | ↑0.130 | 0.185 | 0.141 |
Dailekh | 0.420 | 0.362 | 0.218 | ↑0.061 | 0.081 | 0.074 |
Jumla | 0.420 | 0.288 | 0.136 | ↓-0.021 | 0.029 | 0.029 |
Gulmi | 0.411 | – | 0.102 | ↓-0.057 | 0.018 | 0.019 |
Bardiya | 0.405 | 0.363 | 0.127 | ↓-0.033 | 0.030 | 0.029 |
Nuwakot | 0.388 | – | 0.145 | −0.019 | 0.035 | 0.038 |
Sankhuwasabha | 0.369 | 0.463 | 0.140 | ↓-0.027 | 0.030 | 0.031 |
Siraha | 0.352 | 0.320 | 0.041 | ↓-0.129 | 0.004 | 0.004 |
Panchthar | 0.343 | 0.250 | 0.107 | ↓-0.065 | 0.019 | 0.019 |
Bhojpur | 0.330 | 0.090 | 0.246 | ↑0.072 | 0.092 | 0.096 |
Bajhang | 0.327 | 0.364 | 0.121 | ↓-0.054 | 0.022 | 0.023 |
Rasuwa | 0.325 | 0.208 | 0.078 | ↓-0.097 | 0.009 | 0.009 |
Doti | 0.301 | 0.313 | 0.239 | ↑0.060 | 0.093 | 0.089 |
Okhaldhunga | 0.288 | 0.227 | 0.090 | ↓-0.092 | 0.014 | 0.015 |
Terhathum | 0.280 | 0.250 | 0.093 | ↓-0.091 | 0.013 | 0.013 |
Bajura | 0.274 | 0.247 | 0.279 | ↑0.094 | 0.125 | 0.121 |
Achham | 0.267 | 0.258 | 0.276 | ↑0.090 | 0.119 | 0.118 |
Solukhumbu | 0.243 | 0.090 | 0.206 | 0.015 | 0.065 | 0.068 |
Dhanusa | 0.205 | 0.243 | 0.201 | 0.003 | 0.064 | 0.063 |
Kalikot | 0.195 | 0.136 | 0.165 | ↓-0.034 | 0.045 | 0.050 |
Sarlahi | 0.186 | 0.160 | 0.143 | ↓-0.058 | 0.033 | 0.036 |
Mahottari | 0.181 | 0.264 | 0.204 | 0.002 | 0.066 | 0.073 |
Districts | Model Estimate(JMP adj) | Raw coveragea | Gini | RGI scoreb | Theil L | Theil T |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bara | 1.000 | 1.000 | < 0.001 | ↓-0.014 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Bardiya | 1.000 | 0.995 | 0.002 | ↓-0.012 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Dhading | 1.000 | 0.987 | 0.027 | ↑0.013 | 0.009 | 0.008 |
Dhanusa | 1.000 | 1.000 | < 0.001 | ↓-0.014 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Dolpa | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.012 | −0.002 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Gorkha | 1.000 | 1.000 | < 0.001 | ↓-0.013 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Kailali | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.008 | −0.005 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Kapilbastu | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.008 | −0.005 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Mahottari | 1.000 | 1.000 | < 0.001 | ↓-0.013 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Manang | 1.000 | – | < 0.001 | ↓-0.014 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Morang | 1.000 | 0.992 | 0.003 | ↓-0.010 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Myagdi | 1.000 | 0.902 | 0.004 | ↓-0.009 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Parbat | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.001 | ↓-0.012 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Parsa | 1.000 | 1.000 | < 0.001 | ↓-0.014 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Rasuwa | 1.000 | 0.987 | < 0.001 | ↓-0.014 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Rautahat | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.003 | ↓-0.010 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Rupandehi | 1.000 | 0.993 | 0.002 | ↓-0.011 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Saptari | 1.000 | 1.000 | < 0.001 | ↓-0.013 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Sarlahi | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.016 | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Siraha | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.001 | ↓-0.012 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Sunsari | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.002 | ↓-0.011 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Chitawan | 0.999 | 0.960 | 0.013 | −0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Nawalparasi | 0.993 | 0.936 | 0.020 | 0.005 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Nuwakot | 0.991 | – | 0.028 | ↑0.012 | 0.004 | 0.004 |
Mustang | 0.990 | – | 0.010 | −0.006 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Makwanpur | 0.989 | 0.775 | 0.025 | ↑0.009 | 0.004 | 0.003 |
Syangja | 0.987 | 1.000 | 0.019 | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Baglung | 0.987 | 0.997 | 0.020 | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Rolpa | 0.984 | 0.939 | 0.012 | −0.005 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Taplejung | 0.979 | 0.985 | 0.016 | −0.002 | 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Jhapa | 0.978 | 0.860 | 0.016 | −0.002 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Bhaktapur | 0.969 | 0.963 | 0.015 | −0.004 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Kanchanpur | 0.968 | 0.996 | 0.036 | ↑0.015 | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Solukhumbu | 0.966 | 0.943 | 0.021 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Udayapur | 0.960 | 0.927 | 0.035 | ↑0.013 | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Kavrepalanchok | 0.948 | 0.953 | 0.037 | ↑0.013 | 0.005 | 0.004 |
Lamjung | 0.947 | 1.000 | 0.045 | ↑0.020 | 0.005 | 0.004 |
Banke | 0.946 | 0.990 | 0.061 | ↑0.037 | 0.020 | 0.017 |
Khotang | 0.945 | 1.000 | 0.029 | 0.005 | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Pyuthan | 0.940 | 0.974 | 0.033 | ↑0.007 | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Sindhupalchok | 0.930 | 0.887 | 0.018 | ↓-0.010 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Rukum | 0.915 | 0.985 | 0.050 | ↑0.019 | 0.005 | 0.004 |
Dolakha | 0.915 | 0.880 | 0.022 | ↓-0.009 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Baitadi | 0.910 | 1.000 | 0.061 | ↑0.029 | 0.010 | 0.009 |
Darchula | 0.909 | 0.919 | 0.040 | ↑0.008 | 0.003 | 0.003 |
Palpa | 0.906 | 0.974 | 0.072 | ↑0.039 | 0.014 | 0.012 |
Ramechhap | 0.866 | 0.849 | 0.028 | ↓-0.013 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Kaski | 0.862 | 0.866 | 0.025 | ↓-0.017 | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Sindhuli | 0.858 | 0.645 | 0.065 | ↑0.022 | 0.008 | 0.007 |
Mugu | 0.851 | 0.977 | 0.021 | ↓-0.023 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Terhathum | 0.839 | 0.869 | 0.036 | ↓-0.011 | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Dang | 0.835 | 0.791 | 0.050 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.004 |
Humla | 0.831 | 0.683 | 0.024 | ↓-0.024 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Okhaldhunga | 0.830 | 0.614 | 0.035 | ↓-0.013 | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Lalitpur | 0.825 | 0.767 | 0.058 | ↑0.009 | 0.005 | 0.005 |
Ilam | 0.823 | 0.600 | 0.038 | ↓-0.012 | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Panchthar | 0.811 | 0.700 | 0.036 | ↓-0.016 | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Tanahu | 0.805 | 0.809 | 0.089 | ↑0.035 | 0.012 | 0.012 |
Salyan | 0.782 | 0.563 | 0.097 | ↑0.038 | 0.017 | 0.016 |
Jumla | 0.765 | 0.725 | 0.044 | ↓-0.018 | 0.003 | 0.003 |
Dadeldhura | 0.763 | 0.734 | 0.076 | 0.014 | 0.011 | 0.010 |
Dhankuta | 0.740 | 0.716 | 0.044 | ↓-0.023 | 0.003 | 0.003 |
Bajura | 0.739 | 0.904 | 0.089 | ↑0.021 | 0.013 | 0.012 |
Gulmi | 0.710 | – | 0.123 | ↑0.050 | 0.024 | 0.023 |
Kathmandu | 0.702 | 0.702 | 0.110 | ↑0.035 | 0.022 | 0.020 |
Bajhang | 0.701 | 0.711 | 0.072 | −0.003 | 0.008 | 0.008 |
Kalikot | 0.669 | 0.704 | 0.053 | ↓-0.029 | 0.004 | 0.004 |
Surkhet | 0.649 | 0.670 | 0.068 | ↓-0.017 | 0.007 | 0.007 |
Bhojpur | 0.622 | 0.333 | 0.113 | ↑0.022 | 0.019 | 0.020 |
Jajarkot | 0.622 | 0.256 | 0.088 | −0.003 | 0.012 | 0.013 |
Arghakhanchi | 0.616 | 0.380 | 0.126 | ↑0.033 | 0.024 | 0.024 |
Sankhuwasabha | 0.613 | 0.563 | 0.137 | ↑0.044 | 0.029 | 0.029 |
Achham | 0.581 | 0.535 | 0.079 | ↓-0.021 | 0.012 | 0.011 |
Dailekh | 0.492 | 0.349 | 0.060 | ↓-0.058 | 0.006 | 0.006 |
Doti | 0.417 | 0.340 | 0.103 | ↓-0.030 | 0.019 | 0.020 |
Inequality analysis
Improved Indicator | Inequality Measure | Overall Inequality | Within-province inequality (% of overall) | Between-province inequality (% of overall) | Within-district inequality (% of overall) | Between-district inequality (% of overall) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sanitation | Theil L | 0.143 | 0.104(72.7%) | 0.039(27.3%) | 0.055(37.8%) | 0.089(62.2%) |
Theil T | 0.119 | 0.091(76.5%) | 0.028(23.5%) | 0.047(39.5%) | 0.072(60.5%) | |
Gini | 0.272 | |||||
Drinking water | Theil L | 0.017 | 0.015(88.2%) | 0.002(11.8%) | 0.005(29.4%) | 0.012(70.6%) |
Theil T | 0.015 | 0.014(93.3%) | 0.001(6.7%) | 0.005(33.3%) | 0.010(66.7%) | |
Gini | 0.078 |