Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Die Gastroenterologie 2/2019

04.03.2019 | Hormonsubstitution | Schwerpunkt

Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede beim Management des kolorektalen Karzinoms

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. A. Reinacher-Schick, N. Höffken, B. Flott-Rahmel, A. Tannapfel

Erschienen in: Die Gastroenterologie | Ausgabe 2/2019

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Das kolorektale Karzinom (KRK) ist noch immer eine der häufigsten Tumorerkrankungen in der westlichen Welt. Frauen sind später und seltener betroffen als Männer, das Überleben ist nicht signifikant unterschiedlich. In der Krankheitsentstehung scheinen Östrogene protektiv zu wirken, wobei der genaue Mechanismus unklar ist. Abweichungen zwischen den Geschlechtern sind bezüglich der Primärtumorlokalisation sowie der Molekulargenetik beschrieben. Vor allem rechtsseitige Tumoren und Tumoren mit einer hochgradigen Mikrosatelliteninstabilität (MSI-H) treten bei Frauen öfter auf. Frauen nehmen offenbar etwas häufiger an Vorsorgeprogrammen teil, allerdings ist die Effektivität des Screenings bei Männern höher. Weder zu geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschieden in der Toxizität noch zur Wirksamkeit einer Systemtherapie gibt es in der adjuvanten oder palliativen Therapiesituation prospektive geschlechtsspezifische Daten. Retrospektive Auswertungen kontrollierter Studien ergeben hier vor allem Unterschiede in der 5‑Fluorouraci- und Irinotecantoxizität. In der Wirksamkeit mag es gewisse geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede für Antikörper gegen den epidermalen Wachstumsfaktorrezeptor (EGFR) zu geben, wobei Frauen weniger von dieser Substanzgruppe zu profitieren scheinen als Männer.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Brenner H, Hoffmeister M, Arndt V, Haug U (2007) Gender differences in colorectal cancer: implications for age at initiation of screening. Br J Cancer 96:828–831CrossRef Brenner H, Hoffmeister M, Arndt V, Haug U (2007) Gender differences in colorectal cancer: implications for age at initiation of screening. Br J Cancer 96:828–831CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Chacko L, Macaron C, Burke CA (2015) Colorectal cancer screening and prevention in women. Dig Dis Sci 60:698–710CrossRef Chacko L, Macaron C, Burke CA (2015) Colorectal cancer screening and prevention in women. Dig Dis Sci 60:698–710CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim SE, Paik HY, Yoon H et al (2015) Sex- and gender-specific disparities in colorectal cancer risk. World J Gastroenterol 21:5167–5175CrossRef Kim SE, Paik HY, Yoon H et al (2015) Sex- and gender-specific disparities in colorectal cancer risk. World J Gastroenterol 21:5167–5175CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Nguyen SP, Bent S, Chen YH, Terdiman JP (2009) Gender as a risk factor for advanced neoplasia and colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 7:676–681.e1-3CrossRef Nguyen SP, Bent S, Chen YH, Terdiman JP (2009) Gender as a risk factor for advanced neoplasia and colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 7:676–681.e1-3CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat White A, Ironmonger L, Steele RJC et al (2018) A review of sex-related differences in colorectal cancer incidence, screening uptake, routes to diagnosis, cancer stage and survival in the UK. BMC Cancer 18:906CrossRef White A, Ironmonger L, Steele RJC et al (2018) A review of sex-related differences in colorectal cancer incidence, screening uptake, routes to diagnosis, cancer stage and survival in the UK. BMC Cancer 18:906CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Douaiher J, Ravipati A, Grams B et al (2017) Colorectal cancer-global burden, trends, and geographical variations. J Surg Oncol 115:619–630CrossRef Douaiher J, Ravipati A, Grams B et al (2017) Colorectal cancer-global burden, trends, and geographical variations. J Surg Oncol 115:619–630CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Micheli A, Ciampichini R, Oberaigner W et al (2009) The advantage of women in cancer survival: an analysis of EUROCARE-4 data. Eur J Cancer 45:1017–1027CrossRef Micheli A, Ciampichini R, Oberaigner W et al (2009) The advantage of women in cancer survival: an analysis of EUROCARE-4 data. Eur J Cancer 45:1017–1027CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat De Angelis R, Sant M, Coleman MP et al (2014) Cancer survival in Europe 1999–2007 by country and age: results of EUROCARE-5—a population-based study. Lancet Oncol 15:23–34CrossRef De Angelis R, Sant M, Coleman MP et al (2014) Cancer survival in Europe 1999–2007 by country and age: results of EUROCARE-5—a population-based study. Lancet Oncol 15:23–34CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Fernandez E, Bosetti C, La Vecchia C et al (2000) Sex differences in colorectal cancer mortality in Europe, 1955–1996. Eur J Cancer Prev 9:99–104CrossRef Fernandez E, Bosetti C, La Vecchia C et al (2000) Sex differences in colorectal cancer mortality in Europe, 1955–1996. Eur J Cancer Prev 9:99–104CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Hendifar A, Yang D, Lenz F et al (2009) Gender disparities in metastatic colorectal cancer survival. Clin Cancer Res 15:6391–6397CrossRef Hendifar A, Yang D, Lenz F et al (2009) Gender disparities in metastatic colorectal cancer survival. Clin Cancer Res 15:6391–6397CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Schutze M, Boeing H, Pischon T et al (2011) Alcohol attributable burden of incidence of cancer in eight European countries based on results from prospective cohort study. BMJ 342:d1584CrossRef Schutze M, Boeing H, Pischon T et al (2011) Alcohol attributable burden of incidence of cancer in eight European countries based on results from prospective cohort study. BMJ 342:d1584CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat McCashland TM, Brand R, Lyden E, de Garmo P (2001) Gender differences in colorectal polyps and tumors. Am J Gastroenterol 96:882–886CrossRef McCashland TM, Brand R, Lyden E, de Garmo P (2001) Gender differences in colorectal polyps and tumors. Am J Gastroenterol 96:882–886CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Tanaka Y, Arai T, Uegaki S et al (2016) Characteristics of colonoscopic findings in the very elderly. Geriatr Gerontol Int 16:1319–1323CrossRef Tanaka Y, Arai T, Uegaki S et al (2016) Characteristics of colonoscopic findings in the very elderly. Geriatr Gerontol Int 16:1319–1323CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Iida Y, Kawai K, Tsuno NH et al (2014) Proximal shift of colorectal cancer along with aging. Clin Colorectal Cancer 13:213–218CrossRef Iida Y, Kawai K, Tsuno NH et al (2014) Proximal shift of colorectal cancer along with aging. Clin Colorectal Cancer 13:213–218CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Reinacher-Schick A, Juette H, Noepel-Duennebacke S, Arnold D, Basara N, Boehner H, Dahm T, Feder I, Herzog T, Hiller W, Mueller L, Engel L, Senkal M, Teschendorf C, Trenn G, Verdoodt B, Wolters H, Uhl W, Tannapfel A (2018) Microsatellite instability is associated with distinct clinical and molecular characteristics in early colon cancer: analysis of a molecular registry of the AIO colorectal study group—Colopredict Plus. Ann Oncol 29:viii150–viii204. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdy281 CrossRef Reinacher-Schick A, Juette H, Noepel-Duennebacke S, Arnold D, Basara N, Boehner H, Dahm T, Feder I, Herzog T, Hiller W, Mueller L, Engel L, Senkal M, Teschendorf C, Trenn G, Verdoodt B, Wolters H, Uhl W, Tannapfel A (2018) Microsatellite instability is associated with distinct clinical and molecular characteristics in early colon cancer: analysis of a molecular registry of the AIO colorectal study group—Colopredict Plus. Ann Oncol 29:viii150–viii204. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​annonc/​mdy281 CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Krebsatlas. Benz, Gerken, Klinkhammer-Schalke, 7. Bundesweite Qualitätskonferenz 23.02.2018 Krebsatlas. Benz, Gerken, Klinkhammer-Schalke, 7. Bundesweite Qualitätskonferenz 23.02.2018
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Arai T, Takubo K (2007) Clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of gastric and colorectal carcinomas in the elderly. Pathol Int 57:303–314CrossRef Arai T, Takubo K (2007) Clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of gastric and colorectal carcinomas in the elderly. Pathol Int 57:303–314CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Meguid RA, Slidell MB, Wolfgang CL, Chang DC, Ahuja N (2008) Is there a difference in survival between right- versus left-sided colon cancers? Ann Surg Oncol 15:2388–2394CrossRef Meguid RA, Slidell MB, Wolfgang CL, Chang DC, Ahuja N (2008) Is there a difference in survival between right- versus left-sided colon cancers? Ann Surg Oncol 15:2388–2394CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Okamoto M, Shiratori Y, Yamaji Y et al (2002) Relationship between age and site of colorectal cancer based on colonoscopy findings. Gastrointest Endosc 55:548–551CrossRef Okamoto M, Shiratori Y, Yamaji Y et al (2002) Relationship between age and site of colorectal cancer based on colonoscopy findings. Gastrointest Endosc 55:548–551CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Papaxoinis K, Triantafyllou K, Sasco AJ, Nicolopoulou-Stamati P, Ladas SD (2010) Subsite-specific differences of estrogen receptor beta expression in the normal colonic epithelium: implications for carcinogenesis and colorectal cancer epidemiology. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 22:614–619CrossRef Papaxoinis K, Triantafyllou K, Sasco AJ, Nicolopoulou-Stamati P, Ladas SD (2010) Subsite-specific differences of estrogen receptor beta expression in the normal colonic epithelium: implications for carcinogenesis and colorectal cancer epidemiology. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 22:614–619CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Benedix F, Kube R, Meyer F et al (2010) Comparison of 17,641 patients with right- and left-sided colon cancer: differences in epidemiology, perioperative course, histology, and survival. Dis Colon Rectum 53:57–64CrossRef Benedix F, Kube R, Meyer F et al (2010) Comparison of 17,641 patients with right- and left-sided colon cancer: differences in epidemiology, perioperative course, histology, and survival. Dis Colon Rectum 53:57–64CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL et al (2002) Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results From the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 288:321–333CrossRef Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL et al (2002) Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results From the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 288:321–333CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Hartz A, He T, Ross JJ (2012) Risk factors for colon cancer in 150,912 postmenopausal women. Cancer Causes Control 23:1599–1605CrossRef Hartz A, He T, Ross JJ (2012) Risk factors for colon cancer in 150,912 postmenopausal women. Cancer Causes Control 23:1599–1605CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Jass JR (2007) Classification of colorectal cancer based on correlation of clinical, morphological and molecular features. Histopathology 50:113–130CrossRef Jass JR (2007) Classification of colorectal cancer based on correlation of clinical, morphological and molecular features. Histopathology 50:113–130CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Malkhosyan SR, Yamamoto H, Piao Z, Perucho M (2000) Late onset and high incidence of colon cancer of the mutator phenotype with hypermethylated hMLH1 gene in women. Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol 119:598 Malkhosyan SR, Yamamoto H, Piao Z, Perucho M (2000) Late onset and high incidence of colon cancer of the mutator phenotype with hypermethylated hMLH1 gene in women. Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol 119:598
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Ribic CM, Sargent DJ, Moore MJ et al (2003) Tumor microsatellite-instability status as a predictor of benefit from fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer. N Engl J Med 349:247–257CrossRef Ribic CM, Sargent DJ, Moore MJ et al (2003) Tumor microsatellite-instability status as a predictor of benefit from fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer. N Engl J Med 349:247–257CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Roth AD, Delorenzi M, Tejpar S et al (2012) Integrated analysis of molecular and clinical prognostic factors in stage II/III colon cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 104:1635–1646CrossRef Roth AD, Delorenzi M, Tejpar S et al (2012) Integrated analysis of molecular and clinical prognostic factors in stage II/III colon cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 104:1635–1646CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Sargent DJ, Marsoni S, Monges G et al (2010) Defective mismatch repair as a predictive marker for lack of efficacy of fluorouracil-based adjuvant therapy in colon cancer. J Clin Oncol 28:3219–3226CrossRef Sargent DJ, Marsoni S, Monges G et al (2010) Defective mismatch repair as a predictive marker for lack of efficacy of fluorouracil-based adjuvant therapy in colon cancer. J Clin Oncol 28:3219–3226CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Romiti A, Rulli E, Pilozzi E et al (2017) Exploring the prognostic role of microsatellite instability in patients with stage II colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Colorectal Cancer 16:e55–e59CrossRef Romiti A, Rulli E, Pilozzi E et al (2017) Exploring the prognostic role of microsatellite instability in patients with stage II colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Colorectal Cancer 16:e55–e59CrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoffmeister M, Blaker H, Kloor M et al (2013) Body mass index and microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer: a population-based study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 22:2303–2311CrossRef Hoffmeister M, Blaker H, Kloor M et al (2013) Body mass index and microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer: a population-based study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 22:2303–2311CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsai YJ, Huang SC, Lin HH et al (2018) Differences in gene mutations according to gender among patients with colorectal cancer. World J Surg Oncol 16:128CrossRef Tsai YJ, Huang SC, Lin HH et al (2018) Differences in gene mutations according to gender among patients with colorectal cancer. World J Surg Oncol 16:128CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Koo JH, Leong RW (2010) Sex differences in epidemiological, clinical and pathological characteristics of colorectal cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 25:33–42CrossRef Koo JH, Leong RW (2010) Sex differences in epidemiological, clinical and pathological characteristics of colorectal cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 25:33–42CrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Rakoff-Nahoum S, Medzhitov R (2007) Regulation of spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis through the adaptor protein MyD88. Science 317:124–127CrossRef Rakoff-Nahoum S, Medzhitov R (2007) Regulation of spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis through the adaptor protein MyD88. Science 317:124–127CrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Konstantinopoulos PA, Kominea A, Vandoros G et al (1990) Oestrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) is abundantly expressed in normal colonic mucosa, but declines in colon adenocarcinoma paralleling the tumour’s dedifferentiation. Eur J Cancer 2003(39):1251–1258 Konstantinopoulos PA, Kominea A, Vandoros G et al (1990) Oestrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) is abundantly expressed in normal colonic mucosa, but declines in colon adenocarcinoma paralleling the tumour’s dedifferentiation. Eur J Cancer 2003(39):1251–1258
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Driggers PH, Segars JH (2002) Estrogen action and cytoplasmic signaling pathways. Part II: the role of growth factors and phosphorylation in estrogen signaling. Trends Endocrinol Metab 13:422–427CrossRef Driggers PH, Segars JH (2002) Estrogen action and cytoplasmic signaling pathways. Part II: the role of growth factors and phosphorylation in estrogen signaling. Trends Endocrinol Metab 13:422–427CrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Martin LA, Farmer I, Johnston SR, Ali S, Dowsett M (2005) Elevated ERK1/ERK2/estrogen receptor cross-talk enhances estrogen-mediated signaling during long-term estrogen deprivation. Endocr Relat Cancer 12(Suppl 1):S75–S84CrossRef Martin LA, Farmer I, Johnston SR, Ali S, Dowsett M (2005) Elevated ERK1/ERK2/estrogen receptor cross-talk enhances estrogen-mediated signaling during long-term estrogen deprivation. Endocr Relat Cancer 12(Suppl 1):S75–S84CrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Torre DS, Biserni A, Rando G et al (2011) The conundrum of estrogen receptor oscillatory activity in the search for an appropriate hormone replacement therapy. Endocrinology 152:2256–2265CrossRef Torre DS, Biserni A, Rando G et al (2011) The conundrum of estrogen receptor oscillatory activity in the search for an appropriate hormone replacement therapy. Endocrinology 152:2256–2265CrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldstein NS, Armin M (2001) Epidermal growth factor receptor immunohistochemical reactivity in patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage IV colon adenocarcinoma: implications for a standardized scoring system. Cancer 92:1331–1346CrossRef Goldstein NS, Armin M (2001) Epidermal growth factor receptor immunohistochemical reactivity in patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage IV colon adenocarcinoma: implications for a standardized scoring system. Cancer 92:1331–1346CrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Rego RL, Foster NR, Smyrk TC et al (2010) Prognostic effect of activated EGFR expression in human colon carcinomas: comparison with EGFR status. Br J Cancer 102:165–172CrossRef Rego RL, Foster NR, Smyrk TC et al (2010) Prognostic effect of activated EGFR expression in human colon carcinomas: comparison with EGFR status. Br J Cancer 102:165–172CrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Bonaccorsi L, Muratori M, Carloni V et al (2004) The androgen receptor associates with the epidermal growth factor receptor in androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells. Steroids 69:549–552CrossRef Bonaccorsi L, Muratori M, Carloni V et al (2004) The androgen receptor associates with the epidermal growth factor receptor in androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells. Steroids 69:549–552CrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Levin ER (2003) Bidirectional signaling between the estrogen receptor and the epidermal growth factor receptor. Mol Endocrinol 17:309–317CrossRef Levin ER (2003) Bidirectional signaling between the estrogen receptor and the epidermal growth factor receptor. Mol Endocrinol 17:309–317CrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Traish AM, Morgentaler A (2009) Epidermal growth factor receptor expression escapes androgen regulation in prostate cancer: a potential molecular switch for tumour growth. Br J Cancer 101:1949–1956CrossRef Traish AM, Morgentaler A (2009) Epidermal growth factor receptor expression escapes androgen regulation in prostate cancer: a potential molecular switch for tumour growth. Br J Cancer 101:1949–1956CrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Press OA, Zhang W, Gordon MA et al (2008) Gender-related survival differences associated with EGFR polymorphisms in metastatic colon cancer. Cancer Res 68:3037–3042CrossRef Press OA, Zhang W, Gordon MA et al (2008) Gender-related survival differences associated with EGFR polymorphisms in metastatic colon cancer. Cancer Res 68:3037–3042CrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Buerger H, Gebhardt F, Schmidt H et al (2000) Length and loss of heterozygosity of an intron 1 polymorphic sequence of egfr is related to cytogenetic alterations and epithelial growth factor receptor expression. Cancer Res 60:854–857PubMed Buerger H, Gebhardt F, Schmidt H et al (2000) Length and loss of heterozygosity of an intron 1 polymorphic sequence of egfr is related to cytogenetic alterations and epithelial growth factor receptor expression. Cancer Res 60:854–857PubMed
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Lorentzen JA, Grzyb K, De Angelis PM et al (2016) Oncogene mutations in colorectal polyps identified in the Norwegian Colorectal Cancer Prevention (NORCCAP) screening study. Clin Med Insights Pathol 9:19–28CrossRef Lorentzen JA, Grzyb K, De Angelis PM et al (2016) Oncogene mutations in colorectal polyps identified in the Norwegian Colorectal Cancer Prevention (NORCCAP) screening study. Clin Med Insights Pathol 9:19–28CrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Clarke N, Gallagher P, Kearney PM, McNamara D, Sharp L (2016) Impact of gender on decisions to participate in faecal immunochemical test-based colorectal cancer screening: a qualitative study. Psychooncology 25:1456–1462CrossRef Clarke N, Gallagher P, Kearney PM, McNamara D, Sharp L (2016) Impact of gender on decisions to participate in faecal immunochemical test-based colorectal cancer screening: a qualitative study. Psychooncology 25:1456–1462CrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Saab MM, Landers M, Hegarty J (2017) Exploring awareness and help-seeking intentions for testicular symptoms among heterosexual, gay, and bisexual men in Ireland: a qualitative descriptive study. Int J Nurs Stud 67:41–50CrossRef Saab MM, Landers M, Hegarty J (2017) Exploring awareness and help-seeking intentions for testicular symptoms among heterosexual, gay, and bisexual men in Ireland: a qualitative descriptive study. Int J Nurs Stud 67:41–50CrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Teo CH, Ng CJ, Booth A, White A (2016) Barriers and facilitators to health screening in men: a systematic review. Soc Sci Med 165:168–176CrossRef Teo CH, Ng CJ, Booth A, White A (2016) Barriers and facilitators to health screening in men: a systematic review. Soc Sci Med 165:168–176CrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Tinmouth J, Ritvo P, McGregor SE et al (2011) A qualitative evaluation of strategies to increase colorectal cancer screening uptake. Can Fam Physician 57:e7–e15PubMedPubMedCentral Tinmouth J, Ritvo P, McGregor SE et al (2011) A qualitative evaluation of strategies to increase colorectal cancer screening uptake. Can Fam Physician 57:e7–e15PubMedPubMedCentral
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Brenner H, Zwink N, Ludwig L, Hoffmeister M (2017) Should screening colonoscopy be offered from age 50? Dtsch Arztebl Int 114:94–100PubMedPubMedCentral Brenner H, Zwink N, Ludwig L, Hoffmeister M (2017) Should screening colonoscopy be offered from age 50? Dtsch Arztebl Int 114:94–100PubMedPubMedCentral
54.
Zurück zum Zitat McGregor LM, Bonello B, Kerrison RS et al (2016) Uptake of Bowel Scope (Flexible Sigmoidoscopy) Screening in the English National Programme: the first 14 months. J Med Screen 23:77–82CrossRef McGregor LM, Bonello B, Kerrison RS et al (2016) Uptake of Bowel Scope (Flexible Sigmoidoscopy) Screening in the English National Programme: the first 14 months. J Med Screen 23:77–82CrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Wardle J, Miles A, Atkin W (2005) Gender differences in utilization of colorectal cancer screening. J Med Screen 12:20–27CrossRef Wardle J, Miles A, Atkin W (2005) Gender differences in utilization of colorectal cancer screening. J Med Screen 12:20–27CrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Kerrison RS, McGregor LM, Marshall S et al (2016) Use of a 12 months’ self-referral reminder to facilitate uptake of bowel scope (flexible sigmoidoscopy) screening in previous non-responders: a London-based feasibility study. Br J Cancer 114:751–758CrossRef Kerrison RS, McGregor LM, Marshall S et al (2016) Use of a 12 months’ self-referral reminder to facilitate uptake of bowel scope (flexible sigmoidoscopy) screening in previous non-responders: a London-based feasibility study. Br J Cancer 114:751–758CrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Quyn AJ, Fraser CG, Stanners G et al (2018) Uptake trends in the Scottish Bowel Screening Programme and the influences of age, sex, and deprivation. J Med Screen 25:24–31CrossRef Quyn AJ, Fraser CG, Stanners G et al (2018) Uptake trends in the Scottish Bowel Screening Programme and the influences of age, sex, and deprivation. J Med Screen 25:24–31CrossRef
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Steele RJ, McClements P, Watling C et al (2012) Interval cancers in a FOBT-based colorectal cancer population screening programme: implications for stage, gender and tumour site. Gut 61:576–581CrossRef Steele RJ, McClements P, Watling C et al (2012) Interval cancers in a FOBT-based colorectal cancer population screening programme: implications for stage, gender and tumour site. Gut 61:576–581CrossRef
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Arana-Arri E, Idigoras I, Uranga B et al (2017) Population-based colorectal cancer screening programmes using a faecal immunochemical test: should faecal haemoglobin cut-offs differ by age and sex? BMC Cancer 17:577CrossRef Arana-Arri E, Idigoras I, Uranga B et al (2017) Population-based colorectal cancer screening programmes using a faecal immunochemical test: should faecal haemoglobin cut-offs differ by age and sex? BMC Cancer 17:577CrossRef
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Wichmann MW, Muller C, Hornung HM, Lau-Werner U, Schildberg FW (2001) Gender differences in long-term survival of patients with colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 88:1092–1098CrossRef Wichmann MW, Muller C, Hornung HM, Lau-Werner U, Schildberg FW (2001) Gender differences in long-term survival of patients with colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 88:1092–1098CrossRef
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Paulson EC, Wirtalla C, Armstrong K, Mahmoud NN (2009) Gender influences treatment and survival in colorectal cancer surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 52:1982–1991CrossRef Paulson EC, Wirtalla C, Armstrong K, Mahmoud NN (2009) Gender influences treatment and survival in colorectal cancer surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 52:1982–1991CrossRef
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Sato H, Maeda K, Sugihara K et al (2011) High-risk stage II colon cancer after curative resection. J Surg Oncol 104:45–52CrossRef Sato H, Maeda K, Sugihara K et al (2011) High-risk stage II colon cancer after curative resection. J Surg Oncol 104:45–52CrossRef
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Andre T, de Gramont A, Vernerey D et al (2015) Adjuvant Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, and Oxaliplatin in stage II to III colon cancer: updated 10-year survival and outcomes according to BRAF mutation and mismatch repair status of the MOSAIC study. J Clin Oncol 33:4176–4187CrossRef Andre T, de Gramont A, Vernerey D et al (2015) Adjuvant Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, and Oxaliplatin in stage II to III colon cancer: updated 10-year survival and outcomes according to BRAF mutation and mismatch repair status of the MOSAIC study. J Clin Oncol 33:4176–4187CrossRef
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Twelves C, Wong A, Nowacki MP et al (2005) Capecitabine as adjuvant treatment for stage III colon cancer. N Engl J Med 352:2696–2704CrossRef Twelves C, Wong A, Nowacki MP et al (2005) Capecitabine as adjuvant treatment for stage III colon cancer. N Engl J Med 352:2696–2704CrossRef
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Gray R, Barnwell J, McConkey C et al (2007) Adjuvant chemotherapy versus observation in patients with colorectal cancer: a randomised study. Lancet 370:2020–2029CrossRef Gray R, Barnwell J, McConkey C et al (2007) Adjuvant chemotherapy versus observation in patients with colorectal cancer: a randomised study. Lancet 370:2020–2029CrossRef
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Grothey A, Sobrero AF, Shields AF et al (2018) Duration of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer. N Engl J Med 378:1177–1188CrossRef Grothey A, Sobrero AF, Shields AF et al (2018) Duration of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer. N Engl J Med 378:1177–1188CrossRef
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmiegel W, Buchberger B, Follmann M et al (2017) Z Gastroenterol 55:1344–1498CrossRef Schmiegel W, Buchberger B, Follmann M et al (2017) Z Gastroenterol 55:1344–1498CrossRef
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Shields AF, Ou FS, Paul J et al (2018) J Clin Oncol 36:abstr 3599CrossRef Shields AF, Ou FS, Paul J et al (2018) J Clin Oncol 36:abstr 3599CrossRef
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Giacchetti S, Bjarnason G, Garufi C et al (2006) Phase III trial comparing 4‑day chronomodulated therapy versus 2‑day conventional delivery of fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin as first-line chemotherapy of metastatic colorectal cancer: the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Chronotherapy Group. J Clin Oncol 24:3562–3569CrossRef Giacchetti S, Bjarnason G, Garufi C et al (2006) Phase III trial comparing 4‑day chronomodulated therapy versus 2‑day conventional delivery of fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin as first-line chemotherapy of metastatic colorectal cancer: the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Chronotherapy Group. J Clin Oncol 24:3562–3569CrossRef
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Levi F, Gorlia T, Tubiana N et al (2005) Gender as a predictor for optimal dynamic scheduling of oxaliplatin, 5‑fluorouracil and leucovorin in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Results from EORTC randomized phase III trial 05963. ASCO Meeting Abstracts 2005;23.CrossRef Levi F, Gorlia T, Tubiana N et al (2005) Gender as a predictor for optimal dynamic scheduling of oxaliplatin, 5‑fluorouracil and leucovorin in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Results from EORTC randomized phase III trial 05963. ASCO Meeting Abstracts 2005;23.CrossRef
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Loupakis F, Bria E, Vaccaro V et al (2010) Magnitude of benefit of the addition of bevacizumab to first-line chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer: meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 29:58CrossRef Loupakis F, Bria E, Vaccaro V et al (2010) Magnitude of benefit of the addition of bevacizumab to first-line chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer: meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 29:58CrossRef
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Heinemann V, von Weikersthal LF, Decker T et al (2014) FOLFIRI plus cetuximab versus FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (FIRE-3): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 15:1065–1075CrossRef Heinemann V, von Weikersthal LF, Decker T et al (2014) FOLFIRI plus cetuximab versus FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (FIRE-3): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 15:1065–1075CrossRef
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Seymour MT, Maughan TS, Ledermann JA et al (2007) Different strategies of sequential and combination chemotherapy for patients with poor prognosis advanced colorectal cancer (MRC FOCUS): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 370:143–152CrossRef Seymour MT, Maughan TS, Ledermann JA et al (2007) Different strategies of sequential and combination chemotherapy for patients with poor prognosis advanced colorectal cancer (MRC FOCUS): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 370:143–152CrossRef
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Schirripa M, Yang D, Loupakis F et al (2016) Females versus males: Clinical features and outcome differences in large molecularly selected cohort of mCRC patients. J Clin Oncol 34:abstr 3540CrossRef Schirripa M, Yang D, Loupakis F et al (2016) Females versus males: Clinical features and outcome differences in large molecularly selected cohort of mCRC patients. J Clin Oncol 34:abstr 3540CrossRef
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Deenen MJ, Cats A, Beijnen JH, Schellens JH (2011) Part 1: background, methodology, and clinical adoption of pharmacogenetics. Oncologist 16:811–819CrossRef Deenen MJ, Cats A, Beijnen JH, Schellens JH (2011) Part 1: background, methodology, and clinical adoption of pharmacogenetics. Oncologist 16:811–819CrossRef
76.
Zurück zum Zitat de Gramont A, Figer A, Seymour M et al (2000) Leucovorin and fluorouracil with or without oxaliplatin as first-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 18:2938–2947CrossRef de Gramont A, Figer A, Seymour M et al (2000) Leucovorin and fluorouracil with or without oxaliplatin as first-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 18:2938–2947CrossRef
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Stein BN, Petrelli NJ, Douglass HO et al (1995) Age and sex are independent predictors of 5‑fluorouracil toxicity. Analysis of a large scale phase III trial. Cancer 75:11–17CrossRef Stein BN, Petrelli NJ, Douglass HO et al (1995) Age and sex are independent predictors of 5‑fluorouracil toxicity. Analysis of a large scale phase III trial. Cancer 75:11–17CrossRef
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Chansky K, Benedetti J, Macdonald JS (2005) Differences in toxicity between men and women treated with 5‑fluorouracil therapy for colorectal carcinoma. Cancer 103:1165–1171CrossRef Chansky K, Benedetti J, Macdonald JS (2005) Differences in toxicity between men and women treated with 5‑fluorouracil therapy for colorectal carcinoma. Cancer 103:1165–1171CrossRef
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Mueller F, Buchel B, Koberle D et al (2013) Gender-specific elimination of continuous-infusional 5‑fluorouracil in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies: results from a prospective population pharmacokinetic study. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 71:361–370CrossRef Mueller F, Buchel B, Koberle D et al (2013) Gender-specific elimination of continuous-infusional 5‑fluorouracil in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies: results from a prospective population pharmacokinetic study. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 71:361–370CrossRef
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Wagner AD, Grothey A (2018) Association of sex and adverse events (AEs) of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) in early stage colon cancer (CC): A pooled analysis of 28,636 patients (pts) in the ACCENT database. J Clin Oncol 36:abstr 3603CrossRef Wagner AD, Grothey A (2018) Association of sex and adverse events (AEs) of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) in early stage colon cancer (CC): A pooled analysis of 28,636 patients (pts) in the ACCENT database. J Clin Oncol 36:abstr 3603CrossRef
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Islam MM, Iqbal U, Walther BA et al (2017) Gender-based personalized pharmacotherapy: a systematic review. Arch Gynecol Obstet 295:1305–1317CrossRef Islam MM, Iqbal U, Walther BA et al (2017) Gender-based personalized pharmacotherapy: a systematic review. Arch Gynecol Obstet 295:1305–1317CrossRef
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Gemeinsame Publikation der Gesellschaft der epidemiologischen Krebsregister in Deutschland e. V. (GEKID), Zentrums für Krebsregisterdaten (ZfKD) (2017) Krebs in Deutschland für 2013/2014. 11. Ausgabe. Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin Gemeinsame Publikation der Gesellschaft der epidemiologischen Krebsregister in Deutschland e. V. (GEKID), Zentrums für Krebsregisterdaten (ZfKD) (2017) Krebs in Deutschland für 2013/2014. 11. Ausgabe. Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin
Metadaten
Titel
Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede beim Management des kolorektalen Karzinoms
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. A. Reinacher-Schick
N. Höffken
B. Flott-Rahmel
A. Tannapfel
Publikationsdatum
04.03.2019
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Gastroenterologie / Ausgabe 2/2019
Print ISSN: 2731-7420
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7439
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11377-019-0324-7

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2019

Die Gastroenterologie 2/2019 Zur Ausgabe

Mitteilungen der Stiftung LebensBlicke

Mitteilungen der Stiftung LebensBlicke

Einführung zum Thema

Gendermedizin

Passend zum Thema

ANZEIGE

Synergien nutzen gegen Tumore

Lungen- und Magentumore können dank Immuntherapien deutlich besser behandelt werden. Dennoch kommt es trotzdem weiterhin häufig zum Krankheitsprogress. Welche Therapieoptionen sich in der Zweitlinie am besten eignen, haben wir für Sie zusammengefasst.

ANZEIGE

Darmkrebsreihenuntersuchungen zeigen EU-weit Erfolge

In Europa haben viele Länder dem Darmkrebs mit Hilfe von Früherkennungsprogrammen den Kampf angesagt. Es gibt einen deutlichen Zusammenhang zwischen Inzidenz und Mortalität von Darmkrebs und der Zeitspanne seit Einführung von Reihenuntersuchungen.

ANZEIGE

GI-Tumore und die Rolle von Angiogenesehemmern

Content Hub

Entdecken Sie mit praxisrelevanten Patientenfällen, kompakten Studieninhalten, informativen Experteninterviews und weiteren spannenden Inhalten, wie Sie den vielseitigen Herausforderungen bei GI-Tumoren begegnen können. Hier erfahren Sie mehr! PP-RB-DE-2009

Passend zum Thema

ANZEIGE

Bei Immuntherapien das erhöhte Thromboserisiko beachten

Unter modernen Systemtherapien versechsfacht sich das VTE-Risiko. Warum diese Daten relevant für die Behandlung krebsassoziierter Thrombosen sind, erläutert Prof. F. Langer im Interview. So kann es durch Immuntherapien zu inflammatorischen Syndromen z.B. im GI-Trakt kommen. Nebenwirkungen wie Durchfall oder Mukositis haben dann Einfluss auf die Wirksamkeit oraler Antikoagulantien. Aber auch in punkto Blutungsrisiko ist Vorsicht geboten. Wann hier bevorzugt NMH eingesetzt werden sollten, erläutert Prof. Langer im Interview.

ANZEIGE

CAT-Management ist ganz einfach – oder doch nicht?

Krebsassoziierte venöse Thromboembolien (CAT) haben in den vergangenen Jahren stetig zugenommen. Was hat der Anstieg mit modernen Antitumortherapien zu tun? Venöse Thromboembolien sind relevante Morbiditäts- und Mortalitätsfaktoren in der Onkologie. Besonders hoch sind die Risiken bei Tumoren des Abdominalraums. Eine antithrombotische Primärprophylaxe ist daher gerade bei gastrointestinalen (GI-) Tumoren auch im ambulanten Setting wichtig.

ANZEIGE

Management von Thromboembolien bei Krebspatienten

Die Thromboembolie ist neben Infektionen die zweithäufigste Todesursache bei Krebspatienten. Die Behandlung der CAT (cancer associated thrombosis) ist komplex und orientiert sich am individuellen Patienten. Angesichts einer Vielzahl zur Verfügung stehender medikamentöser Behandlungsoptionen finden Sie hier Video-Experteninterviews, Sonderpublikationen und aktuelle Behandlungsalgorithmen zur Therapieentscheidung auf Basis von Expertenempfehlungen.

LEO Pharma GmbH