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Erschienen in: Die Ophthalmologie 1/2019

09.02.2018 | Glaukom | Leitthema

Autoimmunität und Glaukom

verfasst von: Dr. K. Bell, S. Funke, F. H. Grus

Erschienen in: Die Ophthalmologie | Ausgabe 1/2019

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Zusammenfassung

Neben dem relevantesten Risikofaktor für das Glaukom, dem erhöhten Augeninnendruck, gibt es weitere relevant erscheinende Faktoren für die Erkrankung. Besondere Bedeutung haben hierbei Veränderungen in der autoimmunen Komponente des Immunsystems. In klinischen Studien wurden Veränderungen verschiedener Autoantikörper (AAK) bei Glaukompatienten nachgewiesen, sowohl AAK, welche in erhöhter Abundanz bzw. in einem erhöhten Titer vorliegen, als auch solche, die mit erniedrigtem Titer vorliegen. Diese AAK-Veränderungen beherbergen ein distinktes Potenzial, sowohl zur Glaukomfrüherkennnung als auch – aufgrund neuroprotektiver Eigenschaften einiger der AAK – zur Therapie dieser okulären Neuropathie. Dabei zeigten verschiedene Antiköper (AK), welche bei Glaukompatienten in geringerer Konzentration vorhanden sind, wie etwa die AK gegen 14-3-3-Protein, γ‑/α-Synuklein oder aber auch gegen saures Gliafaserprotein („glial fibrillary acidic protein“, GFAP) entweder in vitro oder in vivo neuroprotektive Effekte auf retinale Ganglienzellen. Um die Relevanz der Veränderungen im Immunsystem genauer zu untersuchen, sind neben zellkulturkorrespondierenden Methoden die „‑omics-basierten“ Analysen verschiedener okulärer Proben von besonderer Bedeutung. Dabei können nicht nur Materialien, welche aus experimentellen Ansätzen gewonnen werden, genauer hinsichtlich ihrer Protein- und insbesondere ihrer AK-Veränderungen untersucht werden, sondern auch geringe Probenmengen direkt vom Glaukompatienten (z. B. Kammerwasser, Tränenflüssigkeit, Serum oder Post-Mortem-Retina). Die proteomische Charakterisierung glaukomrelevanter Probentypen mit modernen massenspektrometrischen (MS-)Methoden wird essenzielle Beiträge zum molekularen Verständnis sowie entsprechend zur Diagnostik und Therapie des Glaukoms in den nächsten Jahren liefern.
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Metadaten
Titel
Autoimmunität und Glaukom
verfasst von
Dr. K. Bell
S. Funke
F. H. Grus
Publikationsdatum
09.02.2018
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Schlagwort
Glaukom
Erschienen in
Die Ophthalmologie / Ausgabe 1/2019
Print ISSN: 2731-720X
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7218
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-018-0658-4

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