Background
Methodology
Search strategy
Eligibility criteria
Data extraction
Prevalence mapping
Results
S.No. | Citation | Place | Year | Study design | N | Positive for coinfection | Coinfection (%) | Age | Diagnostic test ML/DN | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
South Asia | ||||||||||
1 | Abbasi [17] | Karachi, Pakistan | Sept.2007-Jan. 2008 | Cross sectional | 112 | 26 | 23 | 13–70 | Blood smear / IgM and IgG ELISA | P. vivax- 25, P. falciparum- 1 |
2 | Ahmad [18] | Uttarakhand, India | Dec 2012-Dec2013 | Retrospective observational studies | 233 | 9 | 3.8 | 38.6 ± 16 | Blood smear/ IgM ELISA | NM |
3 | Alam [19] | Patna, India | 2013 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 42 | Blood smear /NS1, IgM and IgG ELISA |
P. falciparum
|
4 | Ali [20] | Rawalpindi, Pakistan | Nov. 2003-Oct. 2004 | Cross sectional | 800 | 9 | 1 | 17–50 years | Blood smear /IgM ELISA |
P. vivax-8, P. falciparum-1
|
5 | Arya [21] | Delhi, India | 2003 | Case report | 2 | 2 | NA | 35 and 63 years | Blood smear /IgM ELISA |
P. vivax
|
6 | Assir [22] | Lahore, Pakistan | Aug- Nov 2012 | Cross sectional | 856 | 17 | 2 | 12–32 | Blood smear /PCR, NS1 and IgM ELISA | P. vivax - 14, P. falciparum-3 |
7 | Barua [23] | Mumbai, India | June-Nov. 2014, June -Nov. 2015 | Retrospective analysis | 573 | 44 | 8 | NM | Blood smear / NS1 and IgM ELISA | NM |
8 | Bhagat [24] | Mumbai, India | 2014 | Case report | 3 | 3 | NA | 8 months −12 year | Blood smear, RDT/NS1, IgM and IgG ELISA |
P. vivax
|
9 | Bhalla [25] | Delhi, India | 2006 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 21 | Blood smear /IgM ELISA |
P. falciparum
|
10 | Chander [26] | Chandigarh, India | 2009 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 28 | Blood smear /IgM ELISA |
P. falciparum
|
11 | Deresinski [27] | USA, infected in India | 2003, Dec | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 27 | Blood smear/IgM and IgG ELISA |
P. vivax
|
12 | Faruque [28] | Chittagong, Bangladesh | Dec. 2008-Nov. 2009 | Cross sectional | 720 | 1 | 0.1 | All ages | RDT/IgM ELISA |
P. vivax
|
13 | Hati [29] | Kolkata, India | Aug 2005-Dec 2010 | Cross sectional | 2971 | 46 | 1.5 | NM | Blood smear /IgM and IgG ELISA | P. vivax-28, P. falciparum-18 |
14 | Kaushik [30] | Dehradun, India | 2006 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 26 | Blood smear/ IgM and IgG ELISA | P. vivax + P. falciparum |
15 | Malhotra [31] | Patiala, India | 2012 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 27 | Blood smear /NS1 and IgM ELISA |
P. vivax
|
16 | Mittal [32] | Dehradun, India | Dec 2012- Nov 2013 | Retrospective observational study | 2547 | 8 | 0.3 | Above 18 | Blood film, RDT/IgM, NS1 ELISA | NM |
17 | Mohapatra [33] | Odisha, India | June-Sep 2011 | Prospective observational study | 469 | 27 | 6 | NM | Blood smear /IgM and NS1 ELISA | P. falciparum-24, P. vivax – 2, P. falciparum + P. vivax - 1 |
18 | Mørch [34] | Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Anantpur Tamilnadu India | April 2011–November 2012 | Cross sectional | 1564 | 58 | 3.7 | 34 mean age | Blood smear/IgM, NS1 ELISA/ | NM |
19 | Mushtaq [35] | Srinagar, infected in Delhi, India | Oct - 2012 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 25 | Blood smear, RDT/ IgM ELISA | P. falciparum + P. vivax |
20 | Pande [36] | Meerut, India | 2013 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 25 | Blood smear /NS1 and IgM ELISA |
P. falciparum, P. vivax
|
21 | Raja [37] | Chennai, India | May 2013- Jan 2014 | Cross sectional | 100 | 3 | 3 | NM | Blood smear/ELISA | NM |
22 | Rani [38] | Hyderabad, India | 2015 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 30s | Blood smear/IgM ELISA | NM |
23 | Rao [39] | Odisha (Angul), India | Jan-Dec 2013 | Cross sectional | 1980 | 22 | 1 | All ages | Blood smear, RDT/ IgM and NS1 ELISA, PCR | P. falciparum- 12, P. vivax- 10 |
24 | Singh [40] | Dehradun, India | July-Nov 2013 | Retrospective | 1141 | 9 | 0.8 | 12–80 | Blood smear/IgM, NS1 ELISA | NM |
25 | Saksena [41] | Delhi, India | 2017 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 17 male | RMAT, PCR/IgM ELISA |
P. vivax, P. falciparum
|
26 | Singla [42] | Chandigarh, India | Jan 2011-Dec 2012 | Cross sectional | 300 | 1 | 0.3 | NM | NM/NS1 and IgM ELISA |
P. vivax
|
27 | Shah [43] | Ahmedabad, India | June 2013-Nov 2014 | Retrospective | 8364 | 27 | 0.3 | NM | Blood smear/NS1, IgM ELISA | P. vivax + DENV-17, P. falciparum + DENV-9, P. falciparum + P. vivax + DENV-1 |
28 | Thangaratham [44] | Alappuzha, Kerala | 2006 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NM | 22 | Blood smear /IgM ELISA | P. vivax, DENV2 |
29 | Yasir [45] | Karachi, Pakistan | April 2013-Jan 2014 | Cross sectional | 159 | 5 | 3 | 15–53 years | Blood smear /IgM ELISA | NM |
Africa | ||||||||||
30 | Ayorinde [46] | Ogun, Nigeria | April-May 2014 | Cross sectional | 60 | 1 | 2 | All ages | Blood smear, RDT, PCR/NS1, IgM and IgG ELISA |
P. falciparum
|
31 | Baba [47] | Nigeria | July-Dec. 2008 | Cross sectional | 310 | 18 | 6 | All ages | Blood smear /PRNT |
P. falciparum
|
32 | Charrel [48] | France, infected in Guinea, Senegal and Sierra Leone | 2004, march | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 37 | Blood smear /IgM and IgG ELISA | P. falciparum, DENV3 |
33 | Chipwaza [49] | Morogoro, Tanzania | March–May and Aug-Oct. 2013 | Cross sectional | 364 | 31 | 9 | 2–13 | Blood smear /IgM and IgG ELISA, PCR | NM |
34 | Dariano [50] | Bo, Sierra Leone | 2012–2013 | Cross sectional | 1260 | 3 | 0.2 | All ages | RDTs/IgM, IgG, NS1 ELISA | NM |
35 | Kolawole [51] | Ilorin, Nigeria | 2016 | Cross sectional | 176 | 5 | 3 | All ages | RDT/IgM ELISA, PCR | DENV2, DENV3, DENV4 |
36 | Oyeoro [52] | Ibadan, Nigeria | Jan-April 2013 | Cross sectional | 188 | 19 | 10 | All ages | NM/IgG, IgM, NS1 ELISA | NM |
37 | Sow [53] | Kedougou, Senegal | July 2009–March 2013 | Cross sectional | 13,845 | 1 | 0.01 | All ages | Blood smear, RDT/ IgM ELISA, PCR |
P. falciparum
|
38 | Stolar [54] | Ghana | 2011–2014 | Retrospective analysis | 218 | 7 | 3 | 2–14 years | RDT/IgM and IgG, ELISA, PCR |
P. falciparum
|
39 | Vu [55] | Kenya | 2016 | Cross sectional | 579 | 33 | 6 | 1–17 years | Blood smear /PCR | NM |
Caribbean | ||||||||||
40 | Serre [56] | Spain, Infected in Haiti | 2011 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 27 | Blood smear, PCR/IgM, IgG and NS1 ELISA, PCR | P. falciparum, DENV4 |
Southeast Asia | ||||||||||
41 | Che rahim [57] | Kelantan, Malaysia | 2017 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 59 | Blood smear, PCR/NS1 ELISA |
P. knowlesi
|
42 | Chong [58] | Malaysia | 2017 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 59 | Blood smear/NS1 and IgM ELISA |
P. knowlesi
|
43 | Issaranggoon [59] | Thailand | 2014 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 11 | Blood smear/ NS1, IgM ELISA |
P. falciparum
|
44 | McGready [60] | Thai-Burmese border | Jan 2004-May 2006 | Cross sectional | 209 | 1 | 0.5 | Pregnant women | Blood smear/IgM ELISA, NS1 ELISA |
P. falciparum, P. vivax
|
45 | Mueller [61] | (Oun Kouma, Ou Chra, Snoul) Rural Cambodia | Jan 2008- Dec 2010 | Prospective observational study | 1193 | 30 | 2.5 | 7–49 years | RDT/PCR |
P. falciparum, P. vivax
|
46 | Thaha [62] | Surabaya, Indonesia | Nov 2008 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | NM | Blood smear/IgM, IgG ELISA | NM |
47 | Ward [63] | East Timor | 2006 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 7 | Blood smear /IgM ELISA |
P. falciparum
|
48 | Yong [64] | Riau Island Indonesia | 2012 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 49 | Blood smear/IgM, NS1 ELISA |
P. falciparum
|
South America | ||||||||||
49 | Carme [65] | French Guiana | July 2004-June 2005 | Retrospective analysis | 1723 | 17 | 1 | NM | Blood smear/PCR, IgM ELISA, virus isolation | P. vivax − 14, P. falciparum- 3, DENV3–5, DENV1–1, NM-11 |
50 | Epelboin [66] | French Guiana | 2004–2010 | Retrospective matched pair study | NM | 104 | NA | All ages | Blood smear/PCR, NS1, IgM, IgA ELISA | P. vivax – 80, P. falciparum – 21, P. vivax + P. falciparum – 3, DENV1–3, DENV2–2, DENV3–5, NM-94 |
51 | Lupi [67] | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | Apr 2013 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 52 | Blood smear, RDT, PCR/ IgM and NS1 ELISA, PCR |
P. ovale wallikeri
|
52 | Magalhaes [68] | Brazilian Amazon Manaus Brazil | March 2009 to April 2010 | Retrospective study | 132 | 11 | 8 | Mean age, 42.7 yrs | Blood smear, PCR/NS1 ELISA, PCR | P. vivax DENV2, DENV3, DENV4 |
53 | Magalhaes [69] | Brazilian Amazon Manaus Brazil | 2009–2011 | Cross-sectional | 1578 | 44 | 3 | All ages | Blood smear, PCR/ NS1 ELISA, PCR |
P. vivax
|
54 | Mendonca [70] | Brazilian Amazon Manaus Brazil | 2009–2013 | Prospective observational study | All febrile patients | 30 | NA | 31.11 median age | Blood smear, PCR/ IgM and NS1 ELISA | P. vivax, DENV4–8, DENV3–1, DENV2–18, DENV1–3 |
55 | Santana [71] | Novo Repartimento (Pará), Brazil | May 2003 to August 2005 | Cross sectional | 111 | 2 | 2 | > 18 years | Blood smear/PCR | P. vivax, DENV2 |
S.No. | Citations | Place | Year | Study design | N | Positive for coinfection | Coinfection (%) | Age | Diagnostic test DN/CK | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
South Asia | ||||||||||
1. | Afreen [72] | Delhi, India | 2014 | Cross sectional | 87 | 9 | 10 | All ages | NS1, IgM, IgG ELISA, PCR/ IgM ELISA, PCR | DENV2 + CHIKV-5, DENV3 + CHIKV -2, DENV1 + CHIKV-1, DENV1 + DENV2+ CHIKV-1 |
2. | Carey [73] | Vellore, India | 1964 | Cross sectional | 477 | 8 | 2 | All ages | Virus isolation Serological Complement fixation and Hemagglutination inhibition assay for both infection | NM |
3. | Chahar [74] | Delhi, India | 2006 | Cross sectional | 69 | 6 | 9 | All ages | PCR/PCR | DENV1, DENV3, DENV4 |
4. | Galate [75] | Mumbai, Maharashtra | April 2012-Oct. 2013 | Cross sectional | 200 | 19 | 10 | 13–60 | IgM ELISA/IgM ELISA | NM |
5. | Hapuarachchi [76] | Sri Lanka | 2006 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 70 | PCR/PCR | NM |
6. | Kalawat [77] | Tirupati, India | 2011 | Retrospective analysis | 72 | 2 | 3 | All ages | IgM ELISA / IgM ELISA | NM |
7. | Kaur [78] | Delhi, India | Aug-Dec. 2016 | Cross sectional | 600 | 152 | 25 | 11–68 | IgM ELISA, NS1 ELISA, PCR/IgM ELISA, PCR | NM |
8. | Londhey [79] | Mumbai, India | June 2010–April 2015 | Prospective observational study | 300 | 30 | 10 | All ages | IgM ELISA, PCR/ IgM ELISA, PCR | NM |
9. | Mørch [34] | Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Anantpur, Tamilnadu India | April 2011–November 2012 | Cross sectional | 1564 | 25 | 1.6 | 34 mean age | IgM, NS1 ELISA/IgM ELISA | NM |
10. | Mukherjee [80] | Kolkata, India | July 2014-Oct. 2015 | Cross sectional | 326 | 53 | 16 | All ages | IgM and NS1 ELISA, PCR/IgM ELISA, PCR | DENV2, DENV4 |
11. | Neeraja [81] | Hyderabad, Telangana | 2007 | Cross sectional | 713 | 8 | 1 | NM | IgG, IgM, PCR/PCR | NM |
12. | Paulo [82] | Potugal, Infected in India | 2016 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 65 | PCR/IgM ELISA | DENV3 |
13. | Rahim [83] | Dhaka, Bangladesh | 2017 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 23 female | NS1 ELISA/IgM ELISA | NM |
14. | Saswat [84] | Khurda, Odisha Aurangabad, Maharashtra India | July-Dec. 2013 | Cross sectional | 222 | 43 | 19 | All ages | NS1, IgM, IgG ELISA, PCR/IgM ELISA, PCR | DENV2 |
15. | Shaikh [85] | Karnataka, India | July 2010–June 2013 | Cross sectional | 6554 | 532 | 8 | NM | IgM ELISA/IgM ELISA | NM |
16. | Schilling [86] | Chennai, India | September 2008 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 25 | NS1, IgM ELISA and IFA/IgM IFA | NM |
17. | Taraphdar [87] | West Bengal, India | 2010 | Cross sectional | 550 | 68 | 12 | All ages | IgM ELISA, PCR / IgM ELISA, PCR | DENV2, DENV3 |
18. | Kularatne [88] | Peradeniya, Srilanka | Dec. 2006-March 2007 | Cross sectional | 54 | 3 | 5 | 15–74 | IgM ELISA, Hemagglutination inhibition/ IgM ELISA, Hemagglutination inhibition | NM |
Africa | ||||||||||
19. | Baba [47] | Nigeria | July-Dec. 2008 | Cross sectional | 310 | 63 | 20 | All ages | PRNT/PRNT | NM |
20. | Caron [89] | Gabon | Sep 2007-Aug 2010 | Cross sectional | 4287 | 37 | 1 | All ages | PCR of partial E gene/ PCR of partial E1 gene | DENV2 |
21. | Dariano [50] | Bo, Sierra Leone | 2012–2013 | Cross sectional | 1260 | 13 | 1 | All ages | IgM, IgG, NS1 ELISA/IgM ELISA | NM |
22. | Leroy [90] | Gabon | March–July 2007 | Cross sectional | 773 | 8 | 1 | NM | PCR/ PCR | DENV2 |
23. | Nkoghe [91] | Franceville, Gabon | Feb-July 2010 | Cross sectional | 433 | 20 | 4.6 | 1–77 | PCR/PCR | NM |
24. | Parreira [92] | Portugal, infected in Luanda, Angola | January 2014 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | Early 50s | NS1 IgM, IgG ELISA, PCR/IgM ELISA, PCR | DENV4 |
25. | Ratsitorahina [93] | Tomasina, Madagascar | Jan-March 2006 | Cross sectional | 55 | 10 | 18 | NM | IgM ELISA, PCR/IgM ELISA, PCR | DENV1 |
Caribbean | ||||||||||
26. | Edwards [94] | Guatemala | June 2015 | Surveillance report | 144 | 46 | 32 | All ages | PCR/ PCR | DENV1–4, DENV2–40, DENV4–2 |
27. | Omarjee [95] | Island of Saint Martin | Dec. 2013- Jan 2014 | Cross sectional | 1502 | 16 | 1 | All ages | IgM, IgG ELISA and PCR / IgM, IgG ELISA and PCR | DENV1–10, DENV2–2, DENV4–4 |
Southeast Asia | ||||||||||
28. | Cha [96] | Osong korea Infected (2 in Philllipine, 1 Vietnam, 1 Indonesia, 1 East Timor) | 2009–2010 | Cross sectional | 486 | 5 | 1 | 11–70 | IgM ELISA, PCR/ IgM ELISA, PCR | NM |
29. | Chang [97] | Taipei China, infected in Singapore | 2009 April | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 12 | IgM and IgG ELISA, PCR/ IgM and IgG ELISA, PCR | DENV2 |
30. | Khai Ming [98] | Rangoon, Burma | July 1970-Dec. 1972 | Cross sectional | 2060 | 55 | 2.6 | 0–11 | HI, CF/HI, CF | NM |
31. | Laoprasopwattana [99] | Southern Thailand | April–July 2009 | Prospective Cohort study | 50 | 1 | 2 | ≤15 | IgM ELISA and Hemagglutination inhibition/IgM IFA, PCR | NM |
32. | Nayar [100] | Kinta, Malaysia | 2006 | Case report | 2 | 2 | NA | 22 and 28 | NS1, IgM ELISA, PCR/PCR | DENV1 |
33. | Ooi [101] | Selangor, Malaysia, | 2009 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | NM | NM/Complete Genome sequencing of CHIKV | DENV2 |
34. | Phommanivong [102] | Champasak Laos | July-Aug 2013 | Cross sectional | 40 | 5 | 12.5 | 5–65 | PCR/PCR | DENV2–3, DENV3–2 |
35. | Tun [103] | Mandalay, Myanmar | July–October 2010 | Cross sectional | 116 | 7 | 6 | ≤12 | IgM ELISA, PCR/IgM ELISA, PCR | NM |
North America | ||||||||||
36. | Kariyawasam [104] | Toronto, Canada | May 2006-April 2007 and Feb 2013-March 2014 | Retrospective analysis | 1304 | 1 | 0.07 | 0–91 | PCR/PCR | DENV-1 |
37. | Lindholm [105] | Maryland, USA | Dec 2013-May 2015 | Cross sectional | 267 | 2 | 0.7 | 25–60 | IgM, IgG ELISA, PCR, PRNT/ IgM, IgG ELISA, PCR, PRNT | NM |
South America | ||||||||||
38. | Bocanegra [106] | Barcelona Spain Infected in south America | April 2014–2015 | Retrospective | 42 | 5 | 12 | 34.6 mean age | IgM ELISA/IgM ELISA, PCR | NM |
39. | Brooks [107] | Santos, Brazil | 2017 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 27 | IgM ELISA/IgM ELISA | NM |
40. | Calvo [108] | Girardot, Colombia | Feb 2015 | Cross sectional | 8 | 4 | 50 | 0–10 | IgM ELISA, PCR/PCR | NM |
41. | Carrillo-Hernández [109] | Norte de Santander, Colombia | August 2015 – April 2016 | Cross sectional | 157 | 12 | 7.6 | 26.81 | PCR/PCR | NM |
42. | Farrell [110] | Machala, Ecuador | 2015 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 35 | IgM, IgG ELISA/PCR | NM |
43. | Gomez-Govea [111] | Nuevo leon, Mexico | Jan-Oct 2015 | Cross sectional | 101 | 5 | 5 | 31 median age | IgM ELISA/IgM ELISA, PCR | NM |
44. | Mercado [112] | Bogota, Colombia | Sept 2014-Oct 2015 | Retrospective analysis | 58 | 7 | 12 | NM | IgM ELISA, PCR/PCR | NM |
45. | Rosso [113] | Cali, Colombia | 2015 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 72 | PCR/ PCR | DENV3 |
Middle East | ||||||||||
46. | Malik [114] | Al-Hudaydah, Yemen | Oct 2010-March 2011 | Cross sectional | 136 | 1 | 0.7 | NM | IgM ELISA, PCR/IgM ELISA | NM |
47. | Rezza [115] | Al-Hudaydah Yemen | 2012 | Cross sectional | 400 | 14 | 3.5 | All ages | IgM, IgG ELISA and PCR/ IgM, IgG ELISA and PCR | DENV2 Predominantly |
S.No. | Citations | Place | Year | Study design | N | Positive for coinfection | Coinfection(%) | Age | Diagnostic test ML/CK | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
South Asia | ||||||||||
1. | Mørch [34] | Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Anantpur, Tamilnadu | April 2011–Nov 2012 | Cross sectional | 1564 | 20 |
1.3
| 34 mean age | IgM, NS1 ELISA/IgM ELISA | NM |
Africa | ||||||||||
2. | Ayorinde [46] | Ogun, Nigeria | April-May 2014 | Cross sectional | 60 | 9 | 15 | All ages | Blood smear, RDT, PCR/IgM ELISA |
P. falciparum
|
3. | Baba [47] | Nigeria | July-Dec. 2008 | Cross sectional | 310 | 21 | 6.7 | All ages | Blood smear /PRNT |
P. falciparum
|
4. | Chipwaza [49] | Morogoro, Tanzania | March–May and Aug-Oct. 2013 | Cross sectional | 364 | 2 | 0.6 | 2–13 years | Blood smear / IgM and IgG ELISA, | NM |
5. | Dariano [50] | Bo, Sierra Leone | 2012–2013 | Cross sectional | 1260 | 118 | 9 | All ages | RDTs/IgM ELISA | NM |
6. | Mugabe [116] | Quelimane Mozambique | Feb-June 2016 | Cross Sectional | 163 | 2 | 1.2 | 28 median age | RDT /IgM ELISA, PCR | NM |
7. | Sow [53] | Kedougou, Senegal | July 2009–March 2013 | Cross sectional | 13,845 | 3 | 0.02 | All ages | Blood smear, RDT/ IgM ELISA, PCR |
P. falciparum
|
S.No. | Citations | Place | Year | Study design | N | Positive for coinfection | Coinfection (%) | Age | Diagnostic test ML/DN/CK | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
South Asia | ||||||||||
1. | Abdullah [117] | Delhi, India | 2016 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 21 | Blood smear, RDT/PCR/IgM ELISA, PCR | P. vivax, DENV3 |
2. | Gupta [118] | Delhi, India | 2017 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 55 | RDT/NS1, IgM ELISA/PCR |
P. falciparum
|
3. | Mørch [34] | Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Anantpur, Tamilnadu India | April 2011–Nove 2012 | Cross sectional | 1564 | 2 | 0.1 | 34 mean age | Blood smear/IgM, NS1 ELISA/IgM ELISA | NM |
4. | Tazeen [119] | Delhi, India | 2016 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 3 | Blood smear /PCR/PCR |
P. vivax
|
Africa | ||||||||||
5. | Dariano [50] | Bo, Sierra Leone | 2012–2013 | Cross sectional | 1260 | 4 | 0.3 | All ages | RDTs/IgM, IgG, NS1 ELISA/IgM ELISA | NM |
6. | Raut [120] | India Infected in Nigeria | 2014 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 21 | Blood smear / NS1 ELISA, PCR/PCR |
P. falciparum
|