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Erschienen in: Der Nephrologe 4/2017

19.06.2017 | Chronische Nierenerkrankung | Leitthema

Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Genetik der Glomerulopathien

verfasst von: PD Dr. A. K. Büscher, Prof. Dr. S. Weber

Erschienen in: Die Nephrologie | Ausgabe 4/2017

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Zusammenfassung

Die Krankheitsgruppe der Glomerulopathien ist für einen großen Anteil der Patienten mit chronischer Niereninsuffizienz verantwortlich, insbesondere bei einem Erkrankungsbeginn im Erwachsenenalter. Funktionell steht eine Dysfunktion der Glomeruli im Vordergrund, die sich klinisch häufig zunächst in Form einer Hämaturie und/oder Proteinurie manifestiert. Ätiologisch standen bisher die primären und sekundären, meist immunologisch vermittelten Glomerulonephritiden im Vordergrund. Mit der Weiterentwicklung moderner Hochdurchsatzverfahren der genetischen Mutationsanalyse („next generation sequencing“ [NGS], z. B. Gen-Panel-Diagnostik, „whole exome sequencing“ [WES]) und der Identifizierung zahlreicher krankheitsrelevanter Gene in Podozyten und der glomerulären Basalmembranen zeigte sich jedoch, dass auch im Erwachsenenalter ein nicht unerheblicher Anteil der Erkrankungen eine hereditäre Genese aufweist. Der Nachweis einer genetischen Ursache ist dabei für den Patienten wie auch für den behandelnden Arzt von entscheidender Bedeutung. Neben der Vererbbarkeit der Erkrankung an nachfolgende Generationen hat diese Information auch eine direkte Implikation auf den klinischen Verlauf: Hereditäre Glomerulopathien sprechen in den meisten Fällen nicht auf eine intensivierte immunsuppressive Therapie an, und sie münden mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit, in Abhängigkeit vom betroffenen Gen, in eine terminale Niereninsuffizienz. Nach Nierentransplantation ist hingegen, z. B. im Falle einer fokal-segmentalen Glomerulosklerose (FSGS), das Risiko eines Rezidivs der Erkrankung deutlich reduziert.
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Metadaten
Titel
Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Genetik der Glomerulopathien
verfasst von
PD Dr. A. K. Büscher
Prof. Dr. S. Weber
Publikationsdatum
19.06.2017
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Nephrologie / Ausgabe 4/2017
Print ISSN: 2731-7463
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7471
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11560-017-0165-7

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