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Erschienen in: Der Chirurg 2/2019

09.11.2018 | Hepatozelluläres Karzinom | Leitthema

Grenzbereiche der Lebertransplantation in Indikation und Technik

verfasst von: W. Schöning, R. Öllinger, M. Schmelzle, Prof. Dr. J. Pratschke

Erschienen in: Die Chirurgie | Ausgabe 2/2019

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die Grenzbereiche der Lebertransplantation liegen vor allem in der Ausweitung der Indikation (hepatozelluläres Karzinom, [perihiläres] Cholangiokarzinom, Empfänger mit gravierenderen Nebendiagnosen bzw. „weichen“ Kontraindikationen) und technisch anspruchsvollen Rekonstruktionsverfahren der vaskulären Strukturen (bei Portalvenenthrombose bzw. schwieriger arterieller Anschlussmöglichkeit) sowie einer Erweiterung des Spenderpools mit suboptimalen Organen (ältere Spender, steatotische Lebern).

Methoden

Anhand persönlicher Erfahrungen im klinischen Alltag und entsprechender Literaturrecherche legen wir in diesem Artikel die aktuelle Situation dar.

Ergebnisse

In Deutschland zeigt sich eine deutliche Abnahme des 1‑Jahres-Überlebens. Der Anteil an „schwer vermittelbaren“ („marginalen“) Spenderorganen verhält sich dabei reziprok zum massiv erniedrigten Spenderaufkommen und parallel zur steigenden Wartelistenmortalität (WL). Gleichzeitig nimmt der Anteil an stationären WL-Patienten mit Mehrorganversagen zu.

Schlussfolgerung

Eine ergebnisorientierte und -kontrollierte Lebertransplantation erlaubt heutzutage kaum noch ein Vordringen in ehemalige Grenzbereiche. Solange sich die aktuellen Bedingungen nicht ändern, wird ein Verschieben der Grenzen des chirurgisch Machbaren kaum möglich sein. Vielmehr kann in der aktuellen Situation durch restriktivere Indikationsstellung und Organakzeptanz nur versucht werden, die ehemals erreichten Erfolge mit exzellentem Kurz- und Langzeitüberleben (1-Jahres-Überleben von 90 %, 20-Jahres-Überleben von 50 %) wieder zu ermöglichen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Grenzbereiche der Lebertransplantation in Indikation und Technik
verfasst von
W. Schöning
R. Öllinger
M. Schmelzle
Prof. Dr. J. Pratschke
Publikationsdatum
09.11.2018

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