Background
Methods
Study site
Study participants
Sample collection
Laboratory investigations
DNA isolation for genetic analyses
IL-23R rs1884444 G/T and rs7530511 C/T genotyping
Data analyses
Results
Clinical, demographic, and laboratory characteristics of the study participants
Clinical groupsa
| |||
---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | non-SMA (Hb ≥ 6.0 g/dL)
n = 207 | SMA (Hb < 6.0 g/dL)
n = 162 |
P value |
Sex, n (%) | |||
Male | 107 (51.7) | 74 (45.7) | 0.252b
|
Female | 100 (48.3) | 88 (54.3) | |
Age, (months) | 13.0 (7.8, 19.0) | 9.6 (6.6, 16.3) |
0.019
c
|
Parasite/μL | 14,711.7 (3257.4, 48,353.7) | 15,656.6 (3258.0, 46,598.1) | 0.760c
|
Temperature, (°C) | 37.6 (36.8, 38.6) | 37.9 (36.9, 38.5) | 0.542c
|
Respiration rate, (breaths/min) | 30.0 (24.0, 40.0) | 32.0 (28.0, 40.0) |
<0.028
c
|
Hematological Parameters | |||
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 9.4 (8.1, 11.2) | 5.0 (4.3, 5.5) |
<0.001
c
|
Hematocrit, % | 29.0 (24.8, 34.6) | 16.1 (13.5, 17.8) |
<0.001
c
|
RBC, × (1012/μL) | 4.2 (3.6, 4.9) | 2.2 (1.9, 2.7) |
<0.001
c
|
RDW, % | 19.6 (16.5, 21.5) | 22.9 (21.1, 25.8) |
<0.001
c
|
WBC (×103/uL) | 10.9 (9.0, 14.3) | 13.0 (9.2, 17.4) |
0.010
c
|
Platelet Counts (×103/uL) | 176.0 (122.0, 282.0) | 147.5 (105.0, 200.5) |
<0.001
c
|
Confounding factors | |||
Infections | |||
Bacteremia, n (%) | 46 (46.9) | 52 (53.1) |
0.035
|
HIV-1, n (%) | 9 (39.1) | 14 (60.9) | 0.090 |
Genetic factors | |||
Sickle cell trait | 1 (20.0) | 4 (80.0) | 0.110 |
G6PD | 12 (66.7) | 6 (33.3) | 0.310 |
Alpha-thalassemia | 35 (46.1) | 41 (53.9) | 0.070 |
Distribution of IL-23R rs1884444 G/T and IL-23R rs7530511 C/T genotypes in the clinical groups
N (%) with genotype in groupa
| |||
---|---|---|---|
Genotypes | Non-SMA (Hb ≥ 6.0 g/dL) (n = 207) | SMA (Hb < 6.0 g/dL) (n = 162) |
P-value
b
|
IL-23R rs1884444 G/T | |||
GG, n (%) | 146 (70.5) | 107 (66.0) | |
GT, n (%) | 55 (26.6) | 45 (27.8) | 0.278b
|
TT, n (%) | 6 (2.9) | 10 (6.2) | |
X = 0.18 | |||
IL-23R rs7530511 C/T | |||
CC, n (%) | 175 (84.5) | 128 (79.0) | |
CT, n (%) | 26 (12.6) | 28 (17.3) | 0.386b
|
TT, n (%) | 6 (2.9) | 6 (3.7) | |
X = 0.11 |
Association between IL-23R rs1884444 G/T and IL-23R rs7530511 C/T genotypes and SMA
SMA (Hb < 6.0 g/dL | SMA (Hb < 5.0 g/dL | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genotypes | OR | 95% Cl |
P value | OR | 95% CI |
P value |
IL-23R rs1884444 G/T |
IL-23R rs1884444 G/T | |||||
GG, (n = 253) | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - |
GT, (n = 100) | 1.34 | 0.78–2.31 | 0.304 | 3.69 | 0.89–5.13 | 0.174 |
TT, (n = 16) | 2.02 | 0.53–7.74 | 0.286 | 1.39 | 0.73–2.64 | 0.316 |
IL-23R rs7530511 C/T |
IL-23R rs7530511 C/T | |||||
CC, (n = 303) | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - |
CT, (n = 54) | 2.60 | 0.59–11.86 | 0.202 | 2.02 | 0.43–9.42 | 0.372 |
TT, (n = 12) | 1.66 | 0.84–3.27 | 0.142 | 2.49 | 0.76–5.37 | 0.102 |
Association between IL-23R rs1884444 G/T and IL-23R rs7530511 C/T haplotypes and SMA
SMA (Hb < 6.0 g/dL) | SMA (Hb < 5.0 g/dL) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IL-23R haplotypes
| OR | 95% CI |
P-value | OR | 95% CI |
P-value |
GC, (n = 342) | 0.49 | 0.18–1.33 | 0.161 | 0.34 | 0.13–1.17 | 0.107 |
GT, (n = 17) | 1.04 | 0.33–3.31 | 0.949 | 1.92 | 0.52–7.06 | 0.328 |
TC, (n = 67) | 0.97 | 0.52–1.81 | 0.923 | 1.02 | 0.49–2.15 | 0.955 |
TT, (n = 56) | 1.12 | 1.07–4.19 |
0.030
| 2.50 | 1.19–5.29 |
0.016
|