Background
Methods
Study design
The HUNT-surveys
Headache categories
Head injury data collection
Other measurements
Statistical analysis
Results
Participants
Head injury population | Controls | |
---|---|---|
Variable | ||
Total number of subjects | 294 | 25,662 |
Age at participation in HUNT2 (years) (mean ± SD) | 48.4 ± 14.7 | 47.3 ± 13.1 |
Age at injury (first injury) (years) (mean ± SD) | 53.8 ± 15.2 | |
Age at participation in HUNT3 (years) (mean ± SD) | 59.6 ± 14.7 | 58.5 ± 13.1 |
Time from head injury (first injury) to HUNT3 (years) (mean ± SD) | 4.9 ± 3.2 | |
Female | 137 (46.5) | 14,639 (57.0) |
Duration of education (HUNT2) (n (%)) | ||
≤ 9 years | 82 (27.9) | 7535 (29.4) |
10–12 years | 135 (45.9) | 11,663 (45.4) |
≥ 13 years | 73 (24.8) | 6007 (23.4) |
HADS score (mean ± SD) (HUNT2) | 8.8 ± 5.7 | 7.4 ± 5.4 |
HADS score (mean ± SD) (HUNT3) | 8.5 ± 6.0 | 7.3 ± 5.4 |
BMI (mean ± SD) (HUNT2) | 26.2 ± 3.9 | 26.0 ± 3.6 |
BMI (mean ± SD) (HUNT3) | 27.4 ± 4.3 | 27.4 ± 4.3 |
Daily smoking (HUNT2) (n (%)) | 62 (21.1) | 6278 (24.5) |
Daily and occasionally smoking (HUNT3) (n (%)) | 73 (24.8) | 5338 (20.8) |
Self-reported health poor or less than good (HUNT2) (n (%)) | 82 (27.9) | 5451 (21.2) |
Self-reported health poor or less than good (HUNT3) (n (%)) | 102 (34.7) | 6883 (26.8) |
Headache sufferer (n (%)) | ||
HUNT2 | 129 (43.9) | 10,697 (41.7) |
HUNT3 | 111 (37.8) | 8492 (33.1) |
CAGEa ≥ 1 (HUNT2) (n (%)) | 56 (19.0) | 3721 (14.5) |
CAGEa ≥ 1 (HUNT3) (n (%)) | 58 (19.7) | 3834 (14.9) |
Head injuries
Headache categories
All | Men | Women | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adjustment for age and sex | Complete adjustmenta | Complete adjustmenta | Complete adjustmenta | ||
N | N (OR, 95% CI) | N (OR, 95% CI) | N (OR, 95% CI) | N (OR, 95% CI) | |
Past headache suffering | |||||
No head injury (reference) | 25,662 | 4474 (ref.) | 4474 (ref.) | 1603 (ref.) | 2871 (ref.) |
Any head injury | 294 | 49 (1.21, 0.87–1.69) | 49 (1.23, 0.85–1.78) | 24 (1.35, 0.82–2.21) | 25 (1.06, 0.60–1.86) |
Minimal head injury | 35 | 7 (1.15, 0.47–2.80) | 7 (0.94, 0.33–2.70) | 1 (0.50, 0.06–4.14) | 6 (1.17, 0.33–4.18) |
Mild head injury | 211 | 36 (1.35, 0.91–2.00) | 36 (1.39, 0.89–2.15) | 18 (1.53, 0.85–2.75) | 18 (1.19, 0.61–2.32) |
Moderate head injury | 32 | 5 (1.13, 0.41–3.13) | 5 (1.24, 0.43–3.54) | 4 (1.41, 0.44–4.49) | 1 (0.93, 0.08–10.52) |
Stable headache suffering | |||||
No head injury (reference) | 25,662 | 6223 (ref.) | 6223 (ref.) | 1833 (ref.) | 4390 (ref.) |
Any head injury | 294 | 80 (1.51, 1.13–2.03) | 80 (1.55, 1.12–2.14) | 37 (1.65, 1.06–2.56) | 43 (1.37, 0.85–2.20) |
Minimal head injury | 35 | 10 (1.20, 0.53–2.70) | 10 (0.96, 0.38–2.42) | 4 (1.22, 0.32–4.60) | 6 (0.78, 0.21–2.86) |
Mild head injury | 211 | 56 (1.60, 1.12–2.27) | 56 (1.70, 1.15–2.50) | 27 (1.91, 1.13–3.22) | 29 (1.42, 0.80–2.51) |
Moderate head injury | 32 | 9 (1.58, 0.66–3.75) | 9 (1.45, 0.57–3.70) | 4 (0.90, 0.24–3.34) | 5 (2.54, 0.45–14.30) |
New headache suffering | |||||
No head injury (reference) | 25,662 | 2269 (ref.) | 2269 (ref.) | 974 (ref.) | 1295 (ref.) |
Any head injury | 294 | 31 (1.44, 0.96–2.15) | 31 (1.37, 0.88–2.15) | 21 (1.89, 1.12–3.21) | 10 (0.70, 0.29–1.69) |
Minimal head injury | 35 | 1 (0.33, 0.04–2.47) | 1 (0.38, 0.05–2.90) | 1 (0.81, 0.10–6.75) | 0 (−) |
Mild head injury | 211 | 27 (1.86, 1.20–2.90) | 27 (1.74, 1.05–2.87) | 17 (2.31, 1.26–4.23) | 10 (1.02, 0.41–2.52) |
Moderate head injury | 32 | 3 (1.20, 0.34–4.22) | 3 (1.30, 0.36–4.65) | 3 (1.75 (0.48–6.42) | 0 (−) |
N (%), head injury population | N (%), controls | ||
---|---|---|---|
HUNT2 | HUNT3 | ||
Decreased headache frequencya | 10 (12.5) | 939 (15.1) | |
> 14 days | 1–14 days | 2 (2.5) | 269 (4.3) |
7–14 days | < 7 days | 8 (10.0) | 670 (10.8) |
Stable headache frequencyb | 55 (68.8) | 4234 (68.0) | |
< 7 days | < 7 days | 46 (57.5) | 3833 (61.6) |
7–14 days | 7–14 days | 4 (5.0) | 257 (4.1) |
> 14 days | > 14 days | 5 (6.3) | 144 (2.3) |
Increased headache frequencyc | 12 (15.0) | 757 (12.2) | |
< 7 days | 7–30 days | 10 (12.5) | 633 (10.2) |
7–14 days | > 14 days | 2 (2.5) | 124 (2.0) |
Missing | 3 (3.8) | 293 (4.7) | |
Total | 80 (100.0) | 6223 (100.0) |
All | Men | Women | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adjustment for age and sex | Complete adjustmenta | Complete adjustmenta | Complete adjustmenta | ||
N | N (OR, 95% CI) | N (OR, 95% CI) | N (OR, 95% CI) | N (OR, 95% CI) | |
Improvement of headache status1 | |||||
No head injury (reference) | 25,662 | 5413 (ref.) | 5413 (ref.) | 1852 (ref.) | 3561 (ref.) |
Any head injury | 294 | 59 (1.22, 0.89–1.68) | 59 (1.21, 0.85–1,72) | 28 (1.30, 0.81–2.08) | 31 (1.06, 0.63–1.80) |
Minimal head injury | 35 | 12 (1.62, 0.76–3.44) | 12 (1.35, 0.56–3.24) | 2 (0.76, 0.15–3.82) | 10 (1.65, 0.54–4.98) |
Mild head injury | 211 | 40 (1.26, 0.86–1.84) | 40 (1.27, 0.83–1.95) | 20 (1.39, 0.79–2.47) | 20 (1.09, 0.58–2.07) |
Moderate head injury | 32 | 6 (1.16, 0.44–3.02 | 6 (1.23, 0.45–3.31) | 5 (1.51, 0.51–4.42) | 1 (0.66, 0.06–7.63) |
Stable headache suffering and frequency2 | |||||
No head injury (reference) | 25,662 | 4234 (ref.) | 4234 (ref.) | 1302 (ref.) | 2932 (ref.) |
Any head injury | 294 | 55 (1.55, 1.11–2.15) | 55 (1.60, 1.12–2.28) | 28 (1.86, 1.16–2.99) | 27 (1.30, 0.76–2.21) |
Minimal head injury | 35 | 5 (0.88, 0.32–2.45) | 5 (0.71, 0.23–2.25) | 3 (1.37, 0.33–5.68) | 2 (0.28, 0.03–2.39) |
Mild head injury | 211 | 40 (1.71, 1.15–2.53) | 40 (1.83, 1.20–2.79) | 20 (2.14, 1.22–3.76) | 20 (1.48, 0.79–2.77) |
Moderate head injury | 32 | 5 (1.26, 0.44–3.61) | 5 (1.06, 0.33–3.40) | 3 (0.87, 0.19–4.02) | 2 (1.40, 0.18–10.82) |
Exacerbation of headache status3 | |||||
No head injury (reference) | 25,662 | 3026 (ref.) | 3026 (ref.) | 1181 (ref.) | 1845 (ref.) |
Any head injury | 294 | 43 (1.55, 1.09–2.21) | 43 (1.52, 1.02–2.25) | 26 (1.87, 1.14–3.05) | 17 (1.08, 0.56–2.08) |
Minimal head injury | 35 | 1 (0.24, 0.03–1.83) | 1 (0.26, 0.03–2.03) | 1 (0.62, 0.07–5.16) | 0 (−) |
Mild head injury | 211 | 37 (2.00, 1.35–2.98) | 37 (1.93, 1.24–3.02) | 22 (2.40, 1.37–4.21) | 15 (1.37, 0.66–2.85) |
Moderate head injury | 32 | 5 (1.56, 0.55–4.41) | 5 (1.65, 0.57–4.79) | 3 (1.42, 0.39–5.22) | 2 (2.09, 0.27–16.16) |