Background
Methods
Results
Socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the respondents
Category | By sex | ||
---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | Total | |
N (%) | 238 (53.0 ) | 212 (47.0) | 450 (100.0) |
Mean Age (Std.) | 42 (13) | 35 (10) | 39.9 |
Education
| |||
No Formal Education | 62 (13.8) | 59 (13.1) | 121 (26.9) |
Primary Education | 60 (13.3) | 52 (11.6) | 112 (24.9) |
Junior Secondary | 38 (8.4) | 56 (12.4) | 94 (20.9) |
Secondary School Certificate (SSC) | 26 (5.8) | 23 (5.1) | 49 (10.9) |
Higher Secondary (HSC) | 23 (5.1) | 13 (2.9) | 36 (8.0) |
Bachelor Level | 20 (4.4) | 5 (1.1) | 25 (5.6) |
Masters level | 9 (2.0) | 4 (0.9) | 13 (2.9) |
Total | 238 (52.9) | 212 (47.1) | 450 (100.0) |
Occupation
| By Village | ||
Dhuroil | Sachibunia | ||
Agricultural activities | 116 (25.8) | 24 (5.3) | 140 (31.1) |
Homemaker/Housewife | 131 (29.1) | 56 (12.4) | 187 (41.6) |
Services (Govt. NGO,) | 22 (4.9) | 26 (5.8) | 48 (10.7) |
Business (small and medium) | 22 (4.9) | 32 (7.1) | 54 (12.0) |
Others (village doctor, rickshaw puller, unemployed, fisherman) | 6 (1.3) | 15 (3.3) | 21 (4.7) |
Total | 297 (66.0) | 153 (34.0) | 450 (100.0) |
Health Care Providers
| By village | ||
Dhuroil | Sachibunia | Total | |
Union Family Health & Welfare Center | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Satellite clinic | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Village doctors (Pharmacies, Drug sellers) | 24 | 7 | 31 |
Paramedics | 2 | 1 | 3 |
Household Information
| |||
Monthly median family income (BDT*) | 7000 | ||
Mean family size (in persons) | 4.15 | ||
Yearly average health expenditure/family | 9323 | ||
Total health expenditure for all households (9323 X 2250) | 2,09,77,200 |
Preventive health coping strategies
Preventive/Pre-sickness health coping strategies by the households | Yes | |
---|---|---|
n* | % | |
What coping strategies did you adopt to avoid heat sensitive sickness during summer?
| ||
Finish all the tasks earlier in the morning | 416 | 92.9 |
Do not get out when the temperature is too high | 386 | 86.2 |
Do not get out during noon | 395 | 88.2 |
Take extra rest at home | 405 | 90.4 |
Do not go outside home unless urgent or necessary | 406 | 90.6 |
Drink more sugar cane juice | 372 | 83.0 |
Drink different homemade juices | 431 | 96.2 |
Drink much water comparatively | 444 | 99.1 |
Drink green coconut water | 404 | 90.2 |
Try to keep sweating free and neat and clean | 281 | 79.2 |
Take oral saline | 205 | 57.7 |
What coping strategies did you adopt to avoid precipitation sensitive sickness during rainy season?
| ||
Drink boiled water for drinking | 45 | 10.0 |
Avoid using water from the river or pond | 272 | 60.7 |
Use rain water | 209 | 59.2 |
Try not to get wet in the rain | 410 | 91.7 |
Don't let any water to stand beside the house | 166 | 47.0 |
Use mosquito net to avoid the diseases | 444 | 99.1 |
What coping strategies did you adopt to avoid cold sensitive sickness during winter?
| ||
Drink much warm water or tea | 305 | 68.1 |
Do not go out of the house until the sun comes out | 210 | 46.9 |
Take shower with warm water | 129 | 28.9 |
Use warm or heavy clothes to avoid cold | 445 | 99.3 |
Use oil or body lotion to prevent skin diseases | 435 | 97.1 |
What additional coping strategies did you pursue other than seeking health care?
| ||
Discussed with neighbors | 418 | 93.7 |
Got to know from someone who has suffered the same disease | 312 | 72.2 |
Informed the relatives about it | 357 | 84.2 |
Discussed with the NGO workers | 22 | 5.4 |
Curative health coping strategies options and choices
Q: what did you do in case of climate sensitive diseases or sickness among your family members? | Q: what were the choices of the strategies for health coping? | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st choice | 2nd choice | 3rd choice | ||||||
Strategies for coping with health problems | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||
n* | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Applied personal experiences & knowledge | 363 | 80.8 | 245 | 54.4 | 119 | 26.4 | 0 | 0.0 |
Sought treatment (qualified/unqualified treatment) | 446 | 99.3 | 195 | 43.3 | 246 | 54.7 | 3 | 0.7 |
Wanted to but could not afford | 9 | 2.0 | 7 | 1.6 | 2 | 0.4 | 3 | .7 |
Did nothing | 3 | 0.7 | 3 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.2 | 23 | 5.1 |
Total | 450 | 100.0 | ||||||
*n=number |
Health care providers options for health coping
Health Care Providers | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unqualified providers (UQP) | Yes | Qualified Providers (QP) | Yes | ||
n* | % | n | % | ||
Village doctor | 416 | 92.7 |
Public
| ||
Drug stores | 341 | 75.9 | Upazila Health Complex | 136 | 30.3 |
Self-medication | 302 | 67.3 | Union Health/Satellite Clinic | 100 | 22.3 |
FWA/FWV/Nurses | 161 | 35.9 |
Private
| ||
Medical assistant | 39 | 8.7 | Private clinic | 160 | 35.5 |
Homeopath | 158 | 35.2 | Paramedics | 266 | 59.1 |
Spiritual treatment | 94 | 20.9 | |||
Folk medicine | 142 | 31.6 | |||
*n=number |
Choices of health provider for coping
Different health care providers | Choices of providers | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st
| 2nd
| 3rd | 4th | 5th | ||||||
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||
n* | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Unqualified health providers
| ||||||||||
Village doctor | 294 | 65.3 | 118 | 26.2 | 47 | 11.3 | 46 | 18.2 | 17 | 19.8 |
Drug store | 44 | 9.8 | 45 | 10.0 | 33 | 8.0 | 10 | 4.0 | 0 | 0 |
Folk medicine | 5 | 1.1 | 36 | 8.0 | 33 | 8.0 | 6 | 2.4 | 1 | 1.2 |
Self-Medication | 51 | 11.3 | 27 | 6.1 | 11 | 2.7 | 5 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
Family Welfare Assistant/Visitors | 2 | 0.4 | 9 | 2 | 6 | 1.4 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Homeopath | 3 | 0.7 | 8 | 1.8 | 29 | 7.0 | 39 | 15.4 | 12 | 14.0 |
Spiritual treatment | 1 | 0.2 | 1 | .2 | 5 | 1.2 | 11 | 4.3 | 8 | 9.3 |
Subtotal of UHP
|
400
|
88.8
|
244
|
54.2
|
164
|
39.6
|
122
|
48.3
|
38
|
44.3
|
Qualified health providers
| ||||||||||
Upazila health complex/MBBS | 3 | 0.6 | 103 | 23.4 | 174 | 42 | 78 | 30.8 | 29 | 33.7 |
Union health/Satellite Clinic | 0 | 0 | 18 | 4.1 | 18 | 4.3 | 7 | 2.8 | 2 | 2.3 |
Private Clinic | 2 | .4 | 6 | 1.4 | 17 | 4.1 | 28 | 11.1 | 15 | 17.5 |
Paramedics | 45 | 10.0 | 69 | 15.7 | 41 | 9.9 | 18 | 7.1 | 2 | 2.3 |
Subtotal of QHP
|
50
|
11.0
|
196
|
44.6
|
250
|
60.3
|
131
|
51.8
|
48
|
55.8
|
Sources of money for health coping
Sources of money for health expenditure | n | % of Respondents | Total amount spent | Amount spent from different sources (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Had my own money | 450 | 100.0 | 1,949,080 | 46.46 |
Took loan from Mahajans
| 8 | 1.8 | 31,000 | 0.74 |
Took loan from businessman | 4 | 0.9 | 14,500 | 0.35 |
Took loan from NGO | 34 | 7.6 | 171,200 | 4.08 |
Took loan from banks | 6 | 1.3 | 44,000 | 1.05 |
Spent NGO loans taken for other purposes | 5 | 1.1 | 12,700 | 0.30 |
Lent from neighbors | 185 | 41.1 | 310,330 | 7.40 |
Lent from relatives | 168 | 37.3 | 407,130 | 9.70 |
Lent from drug stores | 121 | 26.9 | 78,100 | 1.86 |
Sold cattle | 63 | 14.0 | 372,900 | 8.89 |
Sold crops | 112 | 24.9 | 310,850 | 7.41 |
Sold land | 12 | 2.7 | 103,700 | 2.47 |
Sold trees | 12 | 2.7 | 36,400 | 0.87 |
Sold ornaments | 9 | 2.0 | 34,700 | 0.83 |
Sold fish in advance | 4 | 0.9 | 11,000 | 0.26 |
Sold fruits of own trees | 4 | 0.9 | 4,000 | 0.10 |
Sold poultry | 16 | 3.6 | 10,950 | 0.26 |
Took Jakat/Fetra (religious fund/support) | 4 | 0.9 | 1,600 | 0.04 |
Sought financial help | 15 | 3.3 | 68,800 | 1.64 |
Begged | 2 | 0.4 | 2,000 | 0.05 |
Took relief from Government and public | 1 | 0.2 | 1,500 | 0.04 |
Mortgaged Land | 22 | 4.9 | 208,000 | 4.96 |
Leased land | 2 | 0.4 | 8,000 | 0.19 |
Leased Ornaments | 2 | 0.4 | 3,000 | 0.07 |
Insurance/community funding | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
Total | 4,195,440 | 100.00 |