Background
Chronic conditions in the United States
Physical and mental health comorbid chronic conditions
Chronic conditions and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL)
Use of the SF-36 health survey in assessing HRQL impact of chronic conditions
Study objectives
Methods
Participant sample and data collection
Assessment of chronic conditions
Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL)
Statistical analyses
Secondary objective: analyses by physical disease cluster
Results
Participant characteristics
Healthy (1,505) | Physical (1,522) | Mental (236) | Physical & Mental (614) | Total sample (3,877) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD)
| |||||
Age
| 44.5 (16.2) | 58.9 (15.8) | 40.0 (14.4) | 51.4 (14.5) | 51.0 (17.2) |
Selected physical conditions
| 0.0 (0) | 1.9 (1.2) | 0.0 (0) | 2.6 (1.7) | 1.2 (1.5) |
Total number of conditions
| 0.7 (0.8) | 3.5 (2.0) | 1.6 (1.2) | 5.5 (2.7) | 2.6 (2.5) |
Percent
| |||||
Age
| |||||
18-29 | 23.7 | 6.6 | 31.8 | 9.9 | 15.3 |
30-44 | 29.1 | 12.6 | 32.2 | 22.8 | 21.8 |
45-59 | 26.0 | 25.4 | 25.4 | 36.0 | 27.3 |
60+ | 21.2 | 55.5 | 10.6 | 31.3 | 35.6 |
Male gender
| 56.8 | 47.9 | 41.9 | 37.5 | 49.3 |
Race/ethnicity
| |||||
White | 78.4 | 82.8 | 83.5 | 80.5 | 80.8 |
Black or African American | 10.6 | 8.9 | 5.9 | 8.1 | 9.3 |
American Indian or Alaskan Native | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.6 | 0.9 |
Asian | 2.3 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 1.5 |
Other | 4.1 | 3.2 | 5.5 | 6.0 | 4.1 |
Missing | 4.1 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 3.3 | 3.4 |
Education
| |||||
Less than high school | 6.5 | 9.3 | 7.6 | 10.7 | 8.3 |
High school | 28.7 | 32.3 | 27.5 | 29.8 | 30.2 |
Some college | 30.6 | 29.7 | 32.2 | 34.7 | 31.0 |
Bachelor's degree or higher | 34.2 | 28.8 | 32.6 | 24.8 | 30.5 |
Current employment status
| |||||
Working | 66.9 | 42.8 | 64.4 | 40.4 | 53.1 |
Not working (looking) | 9.8 | 3.8 | 15.3 | 8.5 | 7.6 |
Retired | 13.3 | 40.1 | 6.8 | 19.1 | 24.3 |
Not Working (not looking) | 10.0 | 13.3 | 13.6 | 32.1 | 15.0 |
Marital Status
| |||||
Married/Living with partner | 60.1 | 61.2 | 51.7 | 49.7 | 58.4 |
Widowed | 3.2 | 10.4 | 0.8 | 7.0 | 6.5 |
Separated/Divorced | 11.4 | 14.4 | 13.1 | 24.1 | 14.7 |
Never married | 25.2 | 14.0 | 34.3 | 19.2 | 20.4 |
Reporting frequency of specific conditions
Total sample | Males | Females | |
---|---|---|---|
Body System
| |||
Cardiovascular
| |||
heart attack in the last year | 1.3 | 1.7 | 0.9 |
congestive heart failure (CHF) | 3.5 | 4.0 | 3.1 |
angina or coronary artery disease | 4.4 | 6.0 | 2.9 |
other heart conditions, such as problems with heart valves or the rhythm of your heartbeat | 12.0 | 13.2 | 10.8 |
Endocrine
| |||
diabetes or high blood sugar | 15.0 | 16.9 | 13.1 |
Respiratory
| |||
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | 4.6 | 4.3 | 4.9 |
Musculoskeletal
| |||
rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | 8.2 | 7.9 | 8.4 |
osteoarthritis, degenerative arthritis | 15.0 | 10.9 | 19.1 |
osteoporosis | 6.6 | 2.3 | 10.7 |
Gastrointestinal
| |||
stomach disease, such as gastritis or duodenitis | 4.1 | 3.3 | 4.8 |
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) | 8.3 | 5.7 | 10.8 |
kidney disease | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.1 |
liver disease, such as Hepatitis B or C | 2.3 | 3.0 | 1.6 |
Other Physical Health
| |||
stroke | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.0 |
migraine headaches | 14.9 | 7.5 | 21.9 |
chronic fatigue syndrome or fibromyalgia | 4.4 | 1.7 | 6.9 |
cancer, except skin cancer | 8.0 | 8.4 | 7.7 |
HIV or AIDS | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.2 |
Mental Health
| |||
depression | 13.1 | 9.0 | 17.0 |
anxiety | 16.2 | 12.2 | 20.2 |
alcohol or other substance use disorder | 2.7 | 4.0 | 1.3 |
HRQL burden of chronic physical health conditions
Males | Females | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Incremental decrement | Total decrement | Incremental decrement | Total decrement | |
PCS
| ||||
≥ 1 Chronic Physical Health Condition Only | −6.4 (−7.3,-5.4) | −7.5 (−8.6,-6.4) | ||
Addition of ≥ 1 Chronic Mental Health Condition | −4.5 (−5.9,-3.2) | −10.9 (−12.3, 9.6) | −3.7 (−4.9,-2.5) | −11.2 (−12.5, -9.9) |
≥ 1 Chronic Mental Health Condition Only | −0.7 (−2.6, 1.2) | 0.3 (−2.5,3.1) | ||
Addition of ≥ 1 Chronic Physical Health Condition | −10.2 (−12.3,-8.1) | −10.9 (−12.3, 9.6) | −11.5 (−14.3,-8.6) | −11.2 (−12.5, -9.9) |
MCS
| ||||
≥ 1 Chronic Physical Health Condition Only | −1.7 (−2.7,-0.7) | −2.1 (−3.2,-1.0) | ||
Addition of ≥ 1 Chronic Mental Health Condition | −13.6 (−15.0,-12.2) | −15.3 (−16.7, -14.0) | −13.1 (−14.3,-11.9) | −15.2 (−16.6, -14.1) |
≥ 1 Chronic Mental Health Condition Only | −11.3 (−13.3,-9.3) | −11.9 (−14.7,-9.0) | ||
Addition of ≥ 1 Chronic Physical Health Condition | −4.0 (−6.2,-1.8) | −15.3 (−16.7, -14.0) | −3.3 (−6.2,-0.4) | −15.2 (−16.6, -14.1) |