Background
Methods
Selection
Measures
Healthiness of the promotions
Product category | Preference | Occasional | Rare |
---|---|---|---|
Bread (substitutes), cereals | Rye bread, whole grain crisp bread, bread, whole wheat bread | Brown bread, bun, multigrain bread, oatmeal, muesli with fruit | White bread, croissant, rusk, chocopops, frosties, cornflakes |
Cheese | Low fat cheese, mozzarella, cottage cheese, fresh goat cheese, diary spread light | Camembert, cream cheese, diary spread | Full fat cheese, cheddar, cream cheese, gorgonzola, blue cheese |
Diary | Skimmed milk, low fat yoghurt, buttermilk | Semi-skimmed milk, low fat custard | Full fat milk, pudding, yoghurt drink, full fat yoghurt, custard |
Starch products | Boiled potatoes, baked potatoes, whole wheat pasta, brown rice, couscous | Mashed potatoes, multigrain rice | French fries, fried potatoes, boiled cassava, regular pasta, white rice |
Spreads | Lean frankfurter sausage, chicken, vegetarian pate, roast beef | Ham, bacon, loin roast, sausage, smoked meat, liver pate | |
Vegetables | All vegetables boiled or raw, frozen or canned vegetables (without additives) | Vegetable puree, pickled peppers, tomato juice without salt | Vegetables with cream, olives, pickles, onions, tomato juice with salt |
Price discount and minimum purchase amount
Product categories
Product category | Explanation |
---|---|
1. Fruits | All fruits including processed fruits in which the total edible portion of the original product is still present in the final product, with the exception of fruit juices |
2. Vegetables | All vegetables including processed vegetables in which the total edible portion of the original product is still present in the final product |
3. Starch products | Potatoes, pasta, rice, legumes, potato products and other starches used for main meals |
4. Meat, poultry, fish | All meats, including composite meat products, poultry, meat substitutes, meat preserves, fish and eggs; both processed and unprocessed |
5. Ready to eat meals, soups, pizzas | All meals that consist of a plurality of components, which are ready to eat, including salads and pizzas |
6. International, seasonings | All (meal) sauces; including meal mixes needing an addition, according to the label, of starch and/or protein source and other international products and seasonings |
7. Cheese | All sorts of cheese including cheese spreads |
8. Diary | All kinds of milk (substitutes), including milk with additives and processed milk |
9. Bread (substitutes), cereals | All sorts of breads and baked cereals which are normally eaten with spreads, and cereals that are normally eaten with milk (products) |
10. Pastry, cakes, candy, ice cream, chocolate | All sorts of sweet pastry, cakes, candy, ice cream and chocolate which are intended to be eaten as a snack between meals |
11. Pretzels, crisps, snacks, nuts | All sorts of pretzels, crisps, snacks and nuts which are intended to be eaten as a snack between meals |
12. Beverages, fruit juices | All beverages and juices except coffee, tea, alcoholic beverages and dairy drinks |
13. Prepared meat products | All sorts of meat products which are primarily eaten as a spread |
14. Spreads | All (sweet) spreads including ‘salads’ (e.g. egg salad, tuna salad) with mayonnaise designed to be spread on bread/toast; excludes cheese and prepared meat products |
15. Coffee and tea | All coffee, tea and related products |
16. Alcoholic beverages | All beverages with an alcohol percentage of 0.5% and higher |
17. Butter, fats, oils | All fats intended for spreading on bread or for use in the preparation of food |
18. Non-Food | All inedible products |
19. Combination of product categories | All promotions that contain a combination of multiple product categories |
Promotion types
Statistical analysis
Results
% Discount | Minimum purchase | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
Preference
| 29.5 | 12.1 | 1.26 | 0.51 |
Occasional
| 23.7* | 10.8 | 1.38 | 0.55 |
Rare
| 25.4** | 10.5 | 1.50** | 0.76 |
Product categories | Freq | % of total offers | Average (%) discount | Average minimum purchase amount | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||
1. Fruit | 68 | 4.5 | 38.1 | 10.8 | 1.15 | 0.35 |
2. Vegetables | 110 | 7.3 | 31.7 | 10.8 | 1.20 | 0.44 |
3. Starches | 39 | 2.6 | 32.4 | 14.7 | 1.56 | 0.64 |
4. Meat, poultry, fish | 288 | 19.0 | 26.5 | 8.93 | 1.15 | 0.38 |
5. Ready-to-eat meals, soups, pizzas | 82 | 5.4 | 27.1 | 10.0 | 1.70 | 0.84 |
6. International, seasoning | 57 | 3.8 | 22.4 | 13.1 | 1.56 | 0.86 |
7. Cheese | 68 | 4.5 | 27.6 | 9.8 | 1.31 | 0.62 |
8. Diary | 78 | 5.1 | 25.2 | 11.8 | 1.51 | 0.65 |
9. Bread (substitutes), cereals | 83 | 5.5 | 26.1 | 10.1 | 1.43 | 0.87 |
10. Pastry, cakes, candy, ice cream, chocolate | 217 | 14.3 | 23.1 | 9.41 | 1.55 | 0.82 |
11. Snacks, crisps, pretzels, nuts | 72 | 4.8 | 24.0 | 13.9 | 1.57 | 0.70 |
12. Beverages, fruit juices | 70* | 4.6 | 26.7 | 10.6 | 2.14 | 0.95 |
13. Prepared meat products | 83 | 5.5 | 26.8 | 9.81 | 1.34 | 0.61 |
14. Spreads | 28 | 1.9 | 20.5 | 10.6 | 1.39 | 0.56 |
15. Coffee, tea and related products | 36 | 2.4 | 19.3 | 12.4 | 1.61 | 0.68 |
16. Alcoholic beverages | 95 | 6.3 | 25.2 | 9.59 | 1.34 | 0.75 |
17. Butter, fats, oils | 18 | 1.2 | 21.2 | 12.9 | 1.14 | 0.51 |
18. Combination of multiple product categories | 21 | 1.5 | 30.8 | 9.30 | 2.05 | 0.48 |
Differences between types of supermarkets
Healthiness*** | % Discount | Minimum purchase | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Preference | Rare | |||||||||
Mean | SD | % of total within supermarket | Mean | SD | % of total within supermarket | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
Traditional | 129 | 26.04 | 33.3% | 245 | 44.00 | 63.3% | 27.9 | 12.1 | 1.54 | 0.76 |
Discounter | 71** | - | 19.0% | 284** | - | 75.9% | 21.4 | 7.38 | 1.19** | 0.46 |
Traditional supermarket | % of total within supermarket | Discount supermarket | % of total within supermarket | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | ||||
1. Fruit | 20.3 | 4.775 | 4.9 | 11 | 2.9 |
2. Vegetables | 41.3 | 16.429 | 10.0 | 8 | 2.1 |
3. Potatoes, pasta, rice, legumes | 10.7 | 0.47 | 2.7 | 7 | 1.9 |
4. Meat, fish, poultry | 72.4 | 15.40 | 17.6 | 80 | 21.3 |
5. Meals, soups, pizza | 21.4 | 4.026 | 5.1 | 20 | 5.3 |
6. International, seasoning | 16.2 | 4.028 | 3.9 | 13 | 3.5 |
7. Cheese | 17.3 | 4.181 | 4.2 | 20 | 5.3 |
8. Diary | 20.3 | 2.451 | 4.9 | 18 | 4.8 |
9. Bread, bread substitutes, cereals | 24.2 | 7.751 | 5.9 | 21 | 5.6 |
10. Pastry, cake, candy, ice cream, chocolate | 45.5 | 8.308 | 11.0 | 85 | 22.7 |
11. Snacks, chips, pretzels | 21.48 | 9.067 | 5.1 | 22 | 5.9 |
12. Drinks, juices | 20.64 | 2.436 | 5.1 | 9 | 2.4 |
13. Meats | 23.73 | 6.176 | 5.9 | 17 | 4.5 |
14. Spreads | 8.24 | 3.048 | 2.0 | 7 | 2.1 |
15. Coffee, tea and belongings | 12.20 | 2.576 | 2.9 | 1 | 0.3 |
16. Alcohol | 21.80 | 1.743 | 5.4 | 30 | 8.0 |
17. Butter, fats, oils | 5.31 | 2.016 | 1.2 | 5 | 1.3 |
18. Combination of product categories | 9.18 | 3.404 | 2.2 | 0 | 0 |