Excerpt

For the cardiologist in general practice, until not too long ago the management of heart failure was not very difficult: Patients with dyspnea had left heart failure, those with edema right heart failure or both. If ischemia was ruled in, catheterization and intervention followed. If it was ruled out, medical treatment was the only option. On the basis of landmark trials, the implementation of diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and beta-blockers in the treatment algorithm of systolic heart failure was the logical consequence. This was heart failure 0.1. It is labeled as HFrEF (heart failure with reduced ejection fraction). Berliner, Hallbaum, and Bauersachs bring us up to date with the most recent therapeutic options: angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibition (ARNI), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, ivabradine, and potassium binders. …