Most contemporary clinical trials of new technologies collect health-related quality of life (HRQoL) data that can be used to generate utility values. Such data can be used to estimate differences in quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gains in economic evaluations alongside clinical trials. However, such evaluations rarely represent all important differences in costs and outcomes, and cost-effectiveness models are commonly used to extrapolate beyond a trial’s time horizon to estimate longer-term costs and QALY gains [
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