Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Journal of Religion and Health 3/2013

01.09.2013 | Original Paper

Help-Seeking from Clergy and Spiritual Counselors Among Veterans with Depression and PTSD in Primary Care

verfasst von: Laura M. Bonner, Andy B. Lanto, Cory Bolkan, G. Stennis Watson, Duncan G. Campbell, Edmund F. Chaney, Kara Zivin, Lisa V. Rubenstein

Erschienen in: Journal of Religion and Health | Ausgabe 3/2013

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Little is known about the prevalence or predictors of seeking help for depression and PTSD from spiritual counselors and clergy. We describe openness to and actual help-seeking from spiritual counselors among primary care patients with depression. We screened consecutive VA primary care patients for depression; 761 Veterans with probable major depression participated in telephone surveys (at baseline, 7 months, and 18 months). Participants were asked about (1) openness to seeking help for emotional problems from spiritual counselors/clergy and (2) actual contact with spiritual counselors/clergy in the past 6 months. At baseline, almost half of the participants, 359 (47.2 %), endorsed being “very” or “somewhat likely” to seek help for emotional problems from spiritual counselors; 498 (65.4 %) were open to a primary care provider, 486 (63.9 %) to a psychiatrist, and 409 (66.5 %) to another type of mental health provider. Ninety-one participants (12 %) reported actual spiritual counselor/clergy consultation. Ninety-five (10.3 %) participants reported that their VA providers had recently asked them about spiritual support; the majority of these found this discussion helpful. Participants with current PTSD symptoms, and those with a mental health visit in the past 6 months, were more likely to report openness to and actual help-seeking from clergy. Veterans with depression and PTSD are amenable to receiving help from spiritual counselors/clergy and other providers. Integration of spiritual counselors/clergy into care teams may be helpful to Veterans with PTSD. Training of such providers to address PTSD specifically may also be desirable.
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.), text revision. Washington, DC: APA. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.), text revision. Washington, DC: APA.
Zurück zum Zitat Bosworth, H. B., Park, K. S., McQuoid, D. R., Hays, J. C., & Steffens, D. C. (2003). The impact of religious practice and religious coping on geriatric depression. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18(10), 905–914.PubMedCrossRef Bosworth, H. B., Park, K. S., McQuoid, D. R., Hays, J. C., & Steffens, D. C. (2003). The impact of religious practice and religious coping on geriatric depression. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18(10), 905–914.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bush, K., Kivlahan, D., McDonell, M. B., Fihn, S. D., & Bradley, K. A. (1998). The AUDIT alcohol consumption questions (AUDIT-C): an effective brief screening test for problem drinking. Ambulatory Care Quality Improvement Project (ACQUIP). Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Archives of Internal Medicine, 158(16), 1789–1795.PubMedCrossRef Bush, K., Kivlahan, D., McDonell, M. B., Fihn, S. D., & Bradley, K. A. (1998). The AUDIT alcohol consumption questions (AUDIT-C): an effective brief screening test for problem drinking. Ambulatory Care Quality Improvement Project (ACQUIP). Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Archives of Internal Medicine, 158(16), 1789–1795.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Campbell, D. G., Felker, B. L., Liu, C. F., Yano, E. M., Kirchner, J. E., Chan, D., et al. (2007). Prevalence of depression-PTSD comorbidity: Implications for clinical practice guidelines and primary-care based interventions. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 22(6), 711–718.PubMedCrossRef Campbell, D. G., Felker, B. L., Liu, C. F., Yano, E. M., Kirchner, J. E., Chan, D., et al. (2007). Prevalence of depression-PTSD comorbidity: Implications for clinical practice guidelines and primary-care based interventions. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 22(6), 711–718.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chaney, E. F., Rubenstein, L. V., Liu, C. F., Yano, E. M., Bolkan, C., Lee, M., et al. (2011). Implementing collaborative care for depression treatment in primary care: A cluster randomized evaluation of a quality improvement practice redesign. Implementation Science, 6, 121.PubMedCrossRef Chaney, E. F., Rubenstein, L. V., Liu, C. F., Yano, E. M., Bolkan, C., Lee, M., et al. (2011). Implementing collaborative care for depression treatment in primary care: A cluster randomized evaluation of a quality improvement practice redesign. Implementation Science, 6, 121.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chen, Y. Y., & Contrada, R. J. (2009). Framing written emotional expression from a religious perspective: Effects on depressive symptoms. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 39(4), 427–438.PubMedCrossRef Chen, Y. Y., & Contrada, R. J. (2009). Framing written emotional expression from a religious perspective: Effects on depressive symptoms. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 39(4), 427–438.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fan, V. S., Au, D., Heagerty, P., Deyo, R. A., McDonell, M. B., & Fihn, S. D. (2002). Validation of case-mix measures derived from self-reports of diagnoses and health. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 55(4), 371–380.PubMedCrossRef Fan, V. S., Au, D., Heagerty, P., Deyo, R. A., McDonell, M. B., & Fihn, S. D. (2002). Validation of case-mix measures derived from self-reports of diagnoses and health. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 55(4), 371–380.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fontana, A., & Rosenheck, R. (2005). The role of loss of meaning in the pursuit of treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18(2), 133–136.PubMedCrossRef Fontana, A., & Rosenheck, R. (2005). The role of loss of meaning in the pursuit of treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18(2), 133–136.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Jakupcak, M., Vannoy, S., Imel, Z., Cook, J. W., Fontana, A., Rosenheck, R., et al. (2010). Does PTSD moderate the relationship between social support and suicide risk in Iraq and Afghanistan War Veterans seeking mental health treatment? Depression and Anxiety, 27(11), 1001–1005.PubMedCrossRef Jakupcak, M., Vannoy, S., Imel, Z., Cook, J. W., Fontana, A., Rosenheck, R., et al. (2010). Does PTSD moderate the relationship between social support and suicide risk in Iraq and Afghanistan War Veterans seeking mental health treatment? Depression and Anxiety, 27(11), 1001–1005.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson, K. S., Tulsky, J. A., Hays, J. C., Arnold, R. M., Olsen, M. K., Lindquist, J. H., et al. (2011). Which domains of spirituality are associated with anxiety and depression in patients with advanced illness? Journal of General Internal Medicine, 26(7), 751–758.PubMedCrossRef Johnson, K. S., Tulsky, J. A., Hays, J. C., Arnold, R. M., Olsen, M. K., Lindquist, J. H., et al. (2011). Which domains of spirituality are associated with anxiety and depression in patients with advanced illness? Journal of General Internal Medicine, 26(7), 751–758.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kazis, L. E., Ren, X. S., Lee, A., Skinner, K., Rogers, W., Clark, J., et al. (1999). Health status in VA patients: Results from the Veterans Health Study. American Journal of Medical Quality, 14, 28–38.PubMedCrossRef Kazis, L. E., Ren, X. S., Lee, A., Skinner, K., Rogers, W., Clark, J., et al. (1999). Health status in VA patients: Results from the Veterans Health Study. American Journal of Medical Quality, 14, 28–38.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kim, P. Y., Thomas, J. L., Wilk, J. E., Castro, C. A., & Hoge, C. W. (2010). Stigma, barriers to care, and use of mental health services among active duty and National Guard soldiers after combat. Psychiatric Services, 61, 572–588.CrossRef Kim, P. Y., Thomas, J. L., Wilk, J. E., Castro, C. A., & Hoge, C. W. (2010). Stigma, barriers to care, and use of mental health services among active duty and National Guard soldiers after combat. Psychiatric Services, 61, 572–588.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Koening, H. G., King, D. E., & Carson, V. B. (2012). Handbook of religion and health. New York: Oxford University Press. Koening, H. G., King, D. E., & Carson, V. B. (2012). Handbook of religion and health. New York: Oxford University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606–613.PubMedCrossRef Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606–613.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lee, M. L., Yano, E. M., Wang, M. F., Simon, B., & Rubenstein, L. V. (2002). What patient population does visit based sampling in primary care settings represent? Medical Care, 40(9), 761–770.PubMedCrossRef Lee, M. L., Yano, E. M., Wang, M. F., Simon, B., & Rubenstein, L. V. (2002). What patient population does visit based sampling in primary care settings represent? Medical Care, 40(9), 761–770.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Liu, C. F., Rubenstein, L. V., Kirchner, J. E., Fortney, J. C., Perkins, M. W., Ober, S. K., et al. (2009). Organizational cost of quality improvement for depression care. Health Services Research, 44(1), 225–244.PubMedCrossRef Liu, C. F., Rubenstein, L. V., Kirchner, J. E., Fortney, J. C., Perkins, M. W., Ober, S. K., et al. (2009). Organizational cost of quality improvement for depression care. Health Services Research, 44(1), 225–244.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat McConnell, K. M., Pargament, K. I., Ellison, C. G., & Flannelly, K. J. (2006). Examining the links between spiritual struggles and symptoms of psychopathology in a national sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(12), 1469–1484.PubMedCrossRef McConnell, K. M., Pargament, K. I., Ellison, C. G., & Flannelly, K. J. (2006). Examining the links between spiritual struggles and symptoms of psychopathology in a national sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(12), 1469–1484.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Polusny, M. A., Erbes, C. R., Murdoch, M., Arbisi, P. A., Thuras, P., & Rath, M. B. (2011). Prospective risk factors for new-onset post-traumatic stress disorder in National Guard soldiers deployed to Iraq. Psychological Medicine, 41(4), 687–698.PubMedCrossRef Polusny, M. A., Erbes, C. R., Murdoch, M., Arbisi, P. A., Thuras, P., & Rath, M. B. (2011). Prospective risk factors for new-onset post-traumatic stress disorder in National Guard soldiers deployed to Iraq. Psychological Medicine, 41(4), 687–698.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Prins, A., Ouimette, P., Kimerling, R., Cameron, R. P., Hugelshofer, D. S., Shaw-Hegwer, J., et al. (2003). The primary care PTSD screen (PC–PTSD): Development and operating characteristics. Primary Care Psychiatry, 9, 9–14.CrossRef Prins, A., Ouimette, P., Kimerling, R., Cameron, R. P., Hugelshofer, D. S., Shaw-Hegwer, J., et al. (2003). The primary care PTSD screen (PC–PTSD): Development and operating characteristics. Primary Care Psychiatry, 9, 9–14.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sherbourne, C. D., & Stewart, A. L. (1991). The MOS social support survey. Social Science and Medicine, 32(6), 705–714.PubMedCrossRef Sherbourne, C. D., & Stewart, A. L. (1991). The MOS social support survey. Social Science and Medicine, 32(6), 705–714.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sigmund, J. (2003). Spirituality and trauma: The role of clergy in the treatment of Posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Religion and Health, 42(3), 221–229.CrossRef Sigmund, J. (2003). Spirituality and trauma: The role of clergy in the treatment of Posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Religion and Health, 42(3), 221–229.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Thrasher, S., Power, M., Morant, N., Marks, I., & Dalgleish, T. (2010). Social support moderates outcome in a randomized controlled trial of exposure therapy and (or) cognitive restructuring for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 55(3), 187–190. Thrasher, S., Power, M., Morant, N., Marks, I., & Dalgleish, T. (2010). Social support moderates outcome in a randomized controlled trial of exposure therapy and (or) cognitive restructuring for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 55(3), 187–190.
Zurück zum Zitat Weaver, A. J., & Koenig, H. G. (1996). Elderly suicide, mental health professionals and the clergy: A need for clinical collaboration, training and research. Death Studies, 20(5), 495–508.PubMedCrossRef Weaver, A. J., & Koenig, H. G. (1996). Elderly suicide, mental health professionals and the clergy: A need for clinical collaboration, training and research. Death Studies, 20(5), 495–508.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Weaver, A. J., Koenig, H. G., & Ochberg, F. M. (1996). Posttraumatic stress, mental health professionals, and the clergy: A need for collaboration, training, and research. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9(4), 847–856.PubMedCrossRef Weaver, A. J., Koenig, H. G., & Ochberg, F. M. (1996). Posttraumatic stress, mental health professionals, and the clergy: A need for collaboration, training, and research. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9(4), 847–856.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Yano, E. M., Chaney, E. F., Campbell, D. G., Klap, R., Simon, B., Bonner, L. M., et al. (2012). Yield of practice-based depression screening in VA primary care settings. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 27(3), 331–338.PubMedCrossRef Yano, E. M., Chaney, E. F., Campbell, D. G., Klap, R., Simon, B., Bonner, L. M., et al. (2012). Yield of practice-based depression screening in VA primary care settings. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 27(3), 331–338.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Young, A. S., Klap, R., Sherbourne, C. D., & Wells, K. B. (2001). The quality of care for depressive and anxiety disorders in the United States. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, 55–61.PubMedCrossRef Young, A. S., Klap, R., Sherbourne, C. D., & Wells, K. B. (2001). The quality of care for depressive and anxiety disorders in the United States. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, 55–61.PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Help-Seeking from Clergy and Spiritual Counselors Among Veterans with Depression and PTSD in Primary Care
verfasst von
Laura M. Bonner
Andy B. Lanto
Cory Bolkan
G. Stennis Watson
Duncan G. Campbell
Edmund F. Chaney
Kara Zivin
Lisa V. Rubenstein
Publikationsdatum
01.09.2013
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Journal of Religion and Health / Ausgabe 3/2013
Print ISSN: 0022-4197
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-6571
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-012-9671-0

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2013

Journal of Religion and Health 3/2013 Zur Ausgabe