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Erschienen in: Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 5/2017

08.05.2017 | Leberzirrhose | Leitthema

Extrakorporale Therapien bei Lebererkrankungen

verfasst von: D. Jarczak, G. Braun, PD Dr. V. Fuhrmann

Erschienen in: Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin | Ausgabe 5/2017

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Zusammenfassung

Akute sowie akut-auf-chronische Lebererkrankungen können verschiedene Ursachen haben und zu hepatalem und extrahepatalem Organversagen führen. Lebererkrankungen bestehen bei bis zu 20 % der kritisch kranken Patienten und führen zu einer erhöhten Morbidität und Mortalität. Extrakorporale Verfahren sind in der Therapie dieser Erkrankungen häufig erforderlich. Diese umfassen konventionelle Nierenersatzverfahren, artifizielle und bioartifizielle Leberunterstützungsverfahren sowie Plasmaaustausch. In verschiedenen randomisiert-kontrollierten Studien wurde bei artifiziellen Leberunterstützungsverfahren gezeigt, dass die Verfahren sicher sind und verschiedene Behandlungsvorteile, wie die Verbesserung der hepatischen Enzephalopathie und der Hämodynamik, bewirken. Ein Überlebensvorteil wurde in einzelnen randomisiert-kontrollierten Studien für verschiedene Subgruppen beobachtet. In Gegensatz dazu wurde der Einsatz von konventionellen Nierenersatztherapien bei kritisch kranken Patienten mit Lebererkrankungen lediglich in retrospektiven Fallserien untersucht und war bei Patienten mit Leberzirrhose mit sehr hohen Mortalitätsraten assoziiert. Zusammenfassend sind extrakorporale Therapien bei Patienten mit Lebererkrankungen und kritischer Erkrankung ein Eckpfeiler der therapeutischen Optionen. Zukünftige Untersuchungen sollten neben dem Vergleich der verschiedenen Verfahren den Zeitpunkt des Beginns, die Dauer von extrakorporalen Therapien sowie Kriterien der therapeutischen Futilität insbesondere bei Patienten mit Leberzirrhose untersuchen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Extrakorporale Therapien bei Lebererkrankungen
verfasst von
D. Jarczak
G. Braun
PD Dr. V. Fuhrmann
Publikationsdatum
08.05.2017
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin / Ausgabe 5/2017
Print ISSN: 2193-6218
Elektronische ISSN: 2193-6226
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-017-0289-6

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