Herz | springermedizin.de

Abuhamad A, Chaoui R (2010) A practical guide to fetal echocardiography: Normal and abnormal hearts, 2. Aufl. Lippincott-Williams Wilkins, Philadelphia

Abuhamad A, Chaoui R (2010) Atrial, ventricular, and atrioventricular septal defects. A practical guide to fetal echocardiography, 2. Aufl. , Philadelphia, S. 206–228

Abuhamad A, Chaoui R (2010) Common arterial trunk. A practical guide to fetal echocardiography, 2. Aufl. Lippincott Williams, Philadelphia, S. 263–272

Abuhamad A, Chaoui R (2010) Complete and congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries. A practical guide to fetal echocardiography, 2. Aufl. Lippincott Williams, Philadelphia, S. 282–297

Abuhamad A, Chaoui R (2010) Double outlet right ventricle. A practical guide to fetal echocardiography,2. Aufl. Lippincott Williams, Philadelphia, S. 273–281

Achiron R, Zimand S, Hegesh J, Lipitz S, Zalel Y, Rotstein Z (2000) Fetal aortic arch measurements between 14 and 38 weeks’ gestation: in-utero ultrasonographic study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 15:226–230PubMedCrossRef

Albert M, Geissler W (1956) Persistent left superior vena cava and mitral stenosis. Z Gesamte Inn Med 11:865–874PubMed

Allan LD, Chita SK, Anderson RH, Fagg N, Crawford DC, Tynan MJ (1988) Coarctation of the aorta in prenatal life: an echocardiography, anatomical, and functional study. Br Heart J 59:356–360PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Allan LD, Sharland G, Tynan MJ (1989) The natural history of the hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Int J Cardiol 25:341–343PubMedCrossRef

Allan LD, Sharland GK (2001) The echocardiographic diagnosis of totally anomalous pulmonary venous connection in the fetus. Heart 85:433–437PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Alsoufi B, Bennetts J, Verma S, Caldarone CA (2007) New developments in the treatment of hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Pediatrics 119:109–117PubMedCrossRef

Anderson RH, Lenox CC, Zuberbuhler JR (1983) Morphology of ventricular septal defect associated with coarctation of aorta. Br Heart J 50:176–181PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Api O, Carvalho JS (2008) Fetal dysrhythmias. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 22:31–48PubMedCrossRef

Apitz C, Anderson R, Redington A (2010) Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary stenosis. In: Anderson R, Baker E, Penny D, Redington A, Rigby M, Wernovski G (Hrsg) Pediatric Cardiology,3. Aufl. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, Philadelphia, S. 753–774CrossRef

Attenhofer Jost CH, Connolly HM, Edwards WD, Hayes D, Warnes CA, Danielson GK (2005) Ebstein’s anomaly – review of a multifaceted congenital cardiac condition. Swiss Med Wkly 135:269–281PubMed

AxtFliedner R, Kreiselmaier P, Schwarze A, Krapp M, Gembruch U (2006) Development of hypoplastic left heart syndrome after diagnosis of aortic stenosis in the first trimester by early echocardiography. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 28:106–109CrossRef

Azakie T, Merklinger SL, McCrindle BW, Van Arsdell GS, Lee KJ, Benson LN, Coles JG, Williams WG (2001) Evolving strategies and improving outcomes of the modified Norwood procedure: a 10-year single-institution experience. Ann Thorac Surg 72:1349–1353PubMedCrossRef

Barrea C, Ovaert C, Moniotte S, Biard JM, Steenhaut P, Bernard P (2011) Prenatal diagnosis of abnormal cardinal systemic venous return without other heart defects: a case series. Prenat Diagn 31:380–388PubMedCrossRef

Baschat AA, Gembruch U, Knöpfle G, Hansmann M (1999) First-trimester fetal heart block: a marker for cardiac anomaly. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 14:311–314PubMedCrossRef

Beinder E, Grancay T, Menéndez T, Singer H, Hofbeck M (2001) Fetal sinus bradycardia and the long QT syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 185:743–747PubMedCrossRef

Berg C, Bender F, Soukup M, Geipel A, Axt-Fliedner R, Breuer J, Herberg U, Gembruch U (2006) Right aortic arch detected in fetal life. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 28:882–889PubMedCrossRef

Berg C, Geipel A, Gembruch U (2009) Spectral Doppler imaging of the renal vessels facilitates the assessment of fetal arrhythmias. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 33:367–368PubMedCrossRef

Berg C, Geipel A, Kamil D, Knüppel M, Breuer J, Krapp M, Baschat A, Germer U, Hansmann M, Gembruch U (2005) The syndrome of left isomerism: sonographic findings and outcome in prenatally diagnosed cases. J Ultrasound Med 24:921–931PubMedCrossRef

Berg C, Geipel A, Kamil D, Krapp M, Breuer J, Baschat AA, Knöpfle G, Germer U, Hansmann M, Gembruch U (2006) The syndrome of right isomerism – prenatal diagnosis and outcome. Ultraschall Med 27:225–233PubMedCrossRef

Berg C, Geipel A, Kohl T, Breuer J, Germer U, Krapp M, Baschat AA, Hansmann M, Gembruch U (2005) Atrioventricular block detected in fetal life: associated anomalies and potential prognostic markers. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 26:4–15PubMedCrossRef

Berg C, Geipel A, Kohl T, Smrcek J, Germer U, Baschat AA, Hansmann M, Gembruch U (2005) Fetal echocardiographic evaluation of atrial morphology and the prediction of laterality in cases of heterotaxy syndromes. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 26:538–545PubMedCrossRef

Berg C, Geipel A, Smrcek J, Krapp M, Germer U, Kohl T, Gembruch U, Baschat AA (2003) Prenatal diagnosis of cardiosplenic syndromes: a 10-year experience. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 22:451–459PubMedCrossRef

Berg C, Gembruch U, Geipel A (2006) Fetale Heterotaxiesyndrome. Gynäkologe 39:31–38CrossRef

Berg C, Gembruch U, Geipel A (2009) Associated anomalies in congenital heart disease. In: Yagel S, Silverman N, Gembruch U (Hrsg) Fetal cardiology,2. Aufl. Informa Healthcare, New York, S. 635–657

Berg C, Gembruch U, Geipel A (2009) Outflow tract sectional planes in two-dimensional fetal echocardiography – part I. Ultraschall Med 30:128–144PubMedCrossRef

Berg C, Gembruch U, Geipel A (2009) Outflow tract views in two-dimensional fetal echocardiography – part ii. Ultraschall Med 30:230–251PubMedCrossRef

Berg C, Georgiadis M, Geipel A, Gembruch U (2007) The area behind the heart in the four–chamber view and the quest for congenital heart defects. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 30:721–727PubMedCrossRef

Berg C, Kaiser C, Bender F, Geipel A, Kohl T, Axt-Fliedner R, Krapp M, Knöpfle G, Herberg U, Breuer J, Schmitz C, Gembruch U (2009) Atrioventricular septal defect in the fetus – associated conditions and outcome in 246 cases. Ultraschall Med 30:25–32PubMedCrossRef

Berg C, Kamil D, Geipel A, Kohl T, Knöpfle G, Hansmann M, Gembruch U (2006) Absence of ductus venosus –importance of umbilical venous drainage site. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 28:275–281PubMedCrossRef

Berg C, Knüppel M, Geipel A, Kohl T, Krapp M, Knöpfle G, Germer U, Hansmann M, Gembruch U (2006) Prenatal diagnosis of persistent left superior vena cava and its associated congenital anomalies. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 27:274–280PubMedCrossRef

Berg C, Kremer C, Geipel A, Kohl T, Germer U, Gembruch U (2006) Ductus venosus blood flow alterations in fetuses with obstructive lesions of the right heart. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 28:137–142PubMedCrossRef

Berg C, Lachmann R, Kaiser C, Kozlowski P, Stressig R, Schneider M, Asfour B, Herberg U, Breuer J, Gembruch U, Geipel A (2010) Prenatal diagnosis of tricuspid atresia: intrauterine course and outcome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 35:183–190PubMedCrossRef

Berg C, Thomsen Y, Geipel A, Germer U, Gembruch U (2007) Reversed end-diastolic flow in the umbilical artery at 10–14 weeks of gestation is associated with absent pulmonary valve syndrome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 30:254–258PubMedCrossRef

Bergman G, Eliasson H, Bremme K, Wahren-Herlenius M, Sonesson SE (2009) Anti-Ro52/SSA antibody-exposed fetuses with prolonged atrioventricular time intervals show signs of decreased cardiac performance. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 34:543–549PubMedCrossRef

Bergman G, Wahren-Herlenius M, Sonesson SE (2010) Diagnostic precision of Doppler flow echocardiography in fetuses at risk for atrioventricular block. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 36:561–566PubMedCrossRef

Bernasconi A, Azancot A, Simpson JM, Jones A, Sharland GK (2005) Fetal dextrocardia: diagnosis and outcome in two tertiary centres. Heart 91:1590–1594PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Boudjemline Y, Fermont L, Le Bidois J, Villain E, Sidi D, Bonnet D (2002) Can we predict 22q11 status of fetuses with tetralogy of Fallot? Prenat Diagn 22:231–234PubMedCrossRef

Braunwald E, Goldblatt A, Aygen MM, Rockoff SD, Morrow AG (1963) Congenital aortic stenosis. I. clinical and hemodynamic findings in 100 patients. II. Surgical and the results of operation. Circulation 27:426–462PubMedCrossRef

Bronshtein M, Zimmer EZ (1998) Sonographic diagnosis of fetal coarctation of the aorta at 14–16 weeks of gestation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 11:254–257PubMedCrossRef

Bronshtein M, Zimmer EZ, Blazer S (2003) A characteristic cluster of fetal sonographic markers that are predictive of fetal Turner syndrome in early pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 188:1016–1020PubMedCrossRef

Brown DL, Durfee SM, Hornberger LK (1997) Ventricular discrepancy as a sonographic sign of coarctation of the fetal aorta: how reliable is it? J Ultrasound Med 16:95–99PubMedCrossRef

Brucato A, Frassi M, Franceschini F, Cimaz R, Faden D, Pisoni MP, Muscarà M, Vignati G, Stramba-Badiale M, Catelli L, Lojacono A, Cavazzana I, Ghirardello A, Vescovi F, Gambari PF, Doria A, Meroni PL, Tincani A (2001) Risk of congenital complete heart block in newborns of mothers with anti-Ro/SSA antibodies detected by counterimmunoelectrophoresis: a prospective study of 100 women. Arthritis Rheum 44:1832–1835PubMedCrossRef

Buyon JP, Waltuck J, Kleinman C, Copel J (1995) In utero identification and therapy of congenital heart block. Lupus 4:116–121PubMedCrossRef

Byers BD, Goharkhay N, Mateus J, Ward KK, Munn MB, Wen TS (2009) Pregnancy outcome after ultrasound diagnosis of fetal intra-abdominal umbilical vein varix. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 33:282–286PubMedCrossRef

Callow LB (1992) Current strategies in the nursing care of infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome undergoing first-stage palliation with the Norwood operation. Heart 21:463–470

Campbell M (1968) The natural history of congenital aortic stenosis. Br Heart J 30:514–526PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Campbell M, Polani PE (1961) The aetiology of coarctation of the aorta. Lancet 1:463–468PubMedCrossRef

Celentano C, Malinger G, Rotmensch S, Gerboni S, Wolman Y, Glezerman M (1999) Prenatal diagnosis of interrupted inferior vena cava as an isolated finding: a benign vascular malformation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 14:215–218PubMedCrossRef

Chaoui R, Heling KS (2005) New developments in fetal heart scanning: three- and four-dimensional fetal echocardiography. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 10:567–577PubMedCrossRef

Chaoui R, Heling K, Mielke G, Hofbeck M, Gembruch U (2008) Qualitätsanforderungen der DEGUM zur Durchführung der fetalen Echokardiografie. Ultraschall Med 29:197–200PubMedCrossRef

Chaoui R, Heling KS, Kalache KD (2003) Caliber of the coronary sinus in fetuses with cardiac defects with and without left persistent superior vena cava and in growth-restricted fetuses with heart-sparing effect. Prenat Diagn 23:552–557PubMedCrossRef

Chaoui R, Heling KS, Lopez AS, Thiel G, Karl K (2011) The thymic-thoracic ratio in fetal heart defects: a simple way to identify fetuses at high risk for microdeletion 22q11. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 37:397–403PubMedCrossRef

Chaoui R, Heling KS, Sariglu N, Schwabe M, Dankof A, Bollmann R (2005) Aberrant right subclavian artery as a new cardiac sign in second- and third-trimester fetuses with Down syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 192:257–263PubMedCrossRef

Chaoui R, Kalache KD, Heling KS, Tennstedt C, Bommer C, Korner H (2002) Absent or hypoplastic thymus on ultrasound: a marker for deletion 22q11.2 in fetal cardiac defects. Obstet Gynecol 20:546–552

Chaoui R, Rake A, Heling KS (2008) Aortic arch with four vessels: aberrant right subclavian artery. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 31:115–117PubMedCrossRef

Chaoui R, Schneider MB, Kalache KD (2003) Right aortic arch with vascular ring and aberrant left subclavian artery: prenatal diagnosis assisted by three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 22:661–663PubMedCrossRef

Chessa M, Butera G, Bonhoeffer P, Iserin L, Kachaner J, Lyonnet S, Munnich A, Sidi D, Bonnet D (1998) Relation of genotype 22q11 deletion to phenotype of pulmonary vessels in tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia-ventricular septal defect. Heart 79:186–190PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Clifford G, Sameni R, Ward J, Robinson J, Wolfberg AJ (2011) Clinically accurate fetal ECG parameters acquired from maternal abdominal sensors. Am J Obstet Gynecol 205(47):e1–e5

Comstock CH, Smith R, Lee W, Kirk JS (1998) Right fetal cardiac axis: clinical significance and associated findings. Obstet Gynecol 91:495–499PubMed

Connor JA, Thiagarajan R (2007) Hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 11:2–23

Copel JA, Liang RI, Demasio K, Ozeren S, Kleinman CS (2000) The clinical significance of the irregular fetal heart rhythm. Am J Obstet Gynecol 182:813–817PubMedCrossRef

Correa-Villasenor A, Ferencz C, Boughman JA, Neill CA (1991) Total anomalous pulmonary venous return: familial and environmental factors. The Baltimore–Washington Infant Study Group. Teratology 44:415–428PubMedCrossRef

Daebritz SH, Nollert GD, Zurakowski D, Khalil PN, Lang P, del Nido PJ, Mayer Jr JE, Jonas RA (2000) Results of Norwood stage I operation: comparison of hypoplastic left heart syndrome with other malformations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 119:358–367PubMedCrossRef

Drury NE, Veldtman GR, Benson LN (2005) Neonatal aortic stenosis. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 3:831–843PubMedCrossRef

Eliasson H, Sonesson S-E, Sharland G, Granath F, Simpson JM, Carvalho JS, Jicinska H, Tomek V, Dangel J, Zielinsky P, Respondek-Liberska M, Freund MW, Mellander M, Bartrons J, Gardiner HM (2011) Fetal Working Group of the European Association of Pediatrc Cardiology. Isolated atrioventricular block in the fetus: a retrospective, multinational, multicenter study of 175 patients. Circulation 124:1919–1926PubMedCrossRef

Ferencz C, Rubin JD, Loffredo CA, Magee CA (1993) Epidemiology of congenital heart disease. The Baltimore-Washington Infant Study 1981–1989. Perspectives in pediatric cardiology. Futura Publishing Company, Philadelphia

Fesslova V, Nava S, Villa L (1999) Evolution and long term outcome in cases with fetal diagnosis of congenital heart disease: Italian multicentre study. Fetal Cardiology Study Group of the Italian Society of Pediatric Cardiology. Heart 82:594–599PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Fouron J-C (2004) Fetal arrhythmias: the Saint-Justine hospital experience. Prenat Diagn 24:1068–1080PubMedCrossRef

Frank S, Johnson A, Ross J (1973) Natural history of valvular aortic stenosis. Br Heart J 35:41–46PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Franklin O, Burch M, Manning N, Sleeman K, Gould S, Archer N (2002) Prenatal diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta improves survival and reduces morbidity. Heart 87:67–69PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Freedom RM, Fellows Jr KE (1973) Radiographic visceral patterns in the asplenia syndrome. Radiology 107:387–391PubMedCrossRef

Friedman DM, Llanos C, Izmirly PM, Brock B, Byron J, Copel J, Cummiskey K, Dooley MA, Foley J, Graves C, Hendershott C, Kates R, Komissarova EV, Miller M, Parè E, Phoon CK, Prosen T, Reisner D, Ruderman E, Samuels P, Yu JK, Kim MY, Buyon JP (2010) Evaluation of fetuses in a study of intravenous immunoglobulin as preventive therapy for congenital heart block: Results of a multicenter, prospective, open-label clinical trial. Arthritis Rheum 62:1138–1146PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Fujinaga M (1997) Development of sidedness of asymmetric body structures in vertebrates. Int J Dev Biol 41:153–186PubMed

Galindo A, Gutierrez-Larraya F, Escribano D, Arbues J, Velasco JM (2007) Clinical significance of persistent left superior vena cava diagnosed in fetal life. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 30:152–161PubMedCrossRef

Gardiner HM (2005) Progression of fetal heart disease and rationale for fetal intracardiac interventions. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 10:578–585PubMedCrossRef

Gardiner HM, Belmar C, Tulzer G, Barlow A, Pasquini L, Carvalho JS, Daubeney PE, Rigby ML, Gordon F, Kulinskaya E, Franklin RC (2008) Morphologic and functional predictors of eventual circulation in the fetus with pulmonary atresia or critical pulmonary stenosis with intact septum. J Am Coll Cardiol 51:1299–1308PubMedCrossRef

Gaynor JW, Mahle WT, Cohen MI, Ittenbach RF, DeCampli WM, Steven JM, Nicolson SC, Spray TL (2002) Risk factors for mortality after the Norwood procedure. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 22:82–89PubMedCrossRef

Gedikbasi A, Oztarhan K, Gul A, Sargin A, Ceylan Y (2008) Diagnosis and prognosis in double-outlet right ventricle. Am J Perinatol 25:427–434PubMedCrossRef

Gembruch U (2009) Fetal tachyarrhythmia. In: Yagel S, Silverman N, Gembruch U (Hrsg) Fetal Cardiology, 2. Aufl. Informa Healthcare, New York, S. 461–481

Gembruch U, Knöpfle G, Bald R, Hansmann M (1993) Early diagnosis of fetal congenital heart disease by transvaginal echocardiography. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 3:310–317PubMedCrossRef

Gembruch U, Kohl T, Geipel A, Herberg U, Breuer J, Berg C (2006) Ebstein Anomalie des Fetus. Gynäkologe 39:39–47CrossRef

Gembruch U, Krapp M, Baumann P (1995) Changes of venous blood flow velocity waveforms in fetuses with supraventricular tachycardia. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 5:394–399PubMedCrossRef

Glauser TA, Rorke LB, Weinberg PM, Clancy RR (1990) Congenital brain anomalies associated with the hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Pediatrics 85:984–989PubMed

Goldberg CA, Gomez CA (2003) Hypoplastic left heart syndrome: New developments and current controversies. Semin Neonatol :461–468PubMedCrossRef

Gómez-Montes E, Herraiz I, Mendoza A, Albert L, Hernández-García JM, Galindo A (2011) Pulmonary atresia/critical stenosis with intact ventricular septum: prediction of outcome in the second trimester of pregnancy. Prenat Diagn 31:372–379PubMedCrossRef

Heling KS, Chaoui R, Bollmann R (2004) Advanced dynamic flow – a new method of vascular imaging in prenatal medicine. A pilot study of its applicability. Ultraschall Med 25:280–284PubMedCrossRef

Hlavacek AM, Girish SS, Anderson RH (2009) Pulmonary venous abnormalities. In: Anderson RH, Baker EJ, Penny DJ, Redington AN, Rigby ML, Wernowski G (Hrsg) Pediatric Cardiology. Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia, S. 497–522

Ho Sy, Anderson RH (1979) Coarctation, tubular hypoplasia and the ductus arteriosus. Br Heart J 41:268–270PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Ho SY, Cook A, Anderson RH, Allan LD, Fagg N (1991) Isomerism of the atrial appendages in the fetus. Pediatr Pathol 11:589–608PubMedCrossRef

Ho SY, Fagg N, Anderson RH, Cook A, Allan L (1992) Disposition of the atrioventricular conduction tissues in the heart with isomerism of the atrial appendages: its relation to congenital complete heart block. J Am Coll Cardiol 20:904–910PubMedCrossRef

Hornberger LK, Sahn DJ, Kleinman CS, Copel J, Silverman NH (1994) Antenatal diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta: a multicenter experience. J Am Coll Cardiol 23:417–423PubMedCrossRef

Hornberger LK, Sanders SP, Rein AJ, Spevak PJ, Parness IA, Colan SD (1995) Left heart obstructive lesions and left ventricular growth in the midtrimester fetus. A longitudinal study. Circulation 92:1531–1538PubMedCrossRef

Hornberger LK, Weintraub RG, Pesonen E, Murillo-Olivas A, Simpson IA, Sahn C, Hagen-Ansert S, Sahn DJ (1992) Echocardiographic study of the morphology and growth of the aortic arch in the human fetus. Observations related to the prenatal diagnosis of coarctation. Circulation 86:741–747PubMedCrossRef

Hutter D, Siverman ED, Jaeggi ET (2010) The benefits of transplacental treatment of isolated congenital complete heart block associated with maternal anti-Ro/SSA antibodies: a review. Scand J Immunol 72:235–241PubMedCrossRef

Iacobelli R, Pasquini L, Toscano A, Raimondi F, Michielon G, Tozzi AE, Sanders SP (2008) Role of tricuspid regurgitation in fetal echocardiographic diagnosis of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 32:31–35PubMedCrossRef

ISUOG (2006) Cardiac screening examination of the fetus: guidelines for performing the „basic“ and „extended basic“ cardiac scan. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 27:107–113

Jaeggi ET, Silverman ED, Laskin C, Kingdom J, Golding F, Weber R (2011) Prolongation of the atrioventricular conduction in fetuses exposed to maternal anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibodies did not predict progressive heart block. A prospective observational study on the effects of maternal antibodies on 165 fetuses. J Am Coll Cardiol 57:1487–1492PubMedCrossRef

Karl K, Kainer F, Knabl J, Chaoui R (2011) Prenatal diagnosis of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection into the coronary sinus. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 38:729–731PubMedCrossRef

Kathiriya IS, Srivastava D (2000) Left-right asymmetry and cardiac looping: implications for cardiac development and congenital heart disease. Am J Med Genet 97:271–279PubMedCrossRef

Kim N, Friedberg MK, Silverman NH (2006) Diagnosis and prognosis of fetuses with double outlet right ventricle. Prenat Diagn 26:740–745PubMedCrossRef

Kleinman CS (2006) Fetal cardiac intervention Innovative therapy or a technique in search of an indication? Circulation 113:1378–1381PubMedCrossRef

Kohl T, Sharland G, Allan LD, Gembruch U, Chaoui R, Lopes LM, Zielinsky P, Huhta J, Silverman NH (2000) World experience of percutaneous ultrasound-guided balloon valvuloplasty in human fetuses with severe aortic valve obstruction. Am J Cardiol 85:1230–1233PubMedCrossRef

Krapp M, Baschat AA, Gembruch U, Geipel A, Germer U (2002) Flecainide in the intrauterine treatment of fetal supraventricular tachycardia. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 19:158–164PubMedCrossRef

Krapp M, Kohl T, Simpson JM, Sharland GK, Katalinic A, Gembruch U (2003) Review of diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of fetal atrial flutter compared with supraventricular tachycardia. Heart 89:913–917PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Lee W, Allan L, Carvalho JS, Chaoui R, Copel J, Devore G, Hecher K, Munoz H, Nelson T, Paladini D, Yagel S, ISUOG Fetal Echocardiography Task Force (2008) ISUOG consensus statement: what constitutes a fetal echocardiogram? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 32:239–242PubMedCrossRef

Lenz F, Chaoui R (2006) Changes in pulmonary venous Doppler parameters in fetal cardiac defects. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 28:63–70PubMedCrossRef

Lin AE, Ticho BS, Houde K, Westgate MN, Holmes LB (2000) Heterotaxy: associated conditions and hospital-based prevalence in newborns. Genet Med 2:157–172PubMedCrossRef

Lindinger A, Schwedler G, Hense HW (2010) Prevalence of congenital heart defects in neborns in Germany: Results of the first registration year of the PAN Study (July 2006 to June 2007). Klin Padiatr 222:321–326PubMedCrossRef

Lucas Jr. RV, Woolfrey BF, Anderson RC, Lester RG, Edwards JE (1962) Atresia of the common pulmonary vein. Pediatrics 29:729–739PubMed

Mahle WT, Clancy RR, McGaurn SP, Goin JE, Clark BJ (2001) Impact of prenatal diagnosis on survival and early neurologic morbidity in neonates with the hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Pediatrics 107:1277–1282PubMedCrossRef

Mahle WT, Spray TL, Wernovsky G, Gaynor JW, Clark 3rd BJ (2000) Survival after reconstructive surgery for hypoplastic left heart syndrome: A 15-year experience from a single institution. Circulation 102:136–141CrossRef

Mäkikallio K, McElhinney DB, Levine JC, Marx GR, Colan SD, Marshall AC, Lock JE, Marcus EN, Tworetzky W (2006) Fetal aortic valve stenosis and the evolution of hypoplastic left heart syndrome: patient selection for fetal intervention. Circulation 113:1401–1405PubMedCrossRef

Mankuta D, Nadjari M, Pomp G (2011) Isolated fetal intra-abdominal umbilical vein varix: clinical importance and recommendations. J Ultrasound Med 30:273–276PubMedCrossRef

Maxwell D, Allan LD, Tynan MJ (1991) Balloon dilatation of the aortic valve in the fetus: a report of two cases. Br Heart J 65:256–258PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

McElhinney DB, Salvin JW, Colan SD, Thiagarajan R, Crawford EC, Marcus EN, del Nido PJ, Tworetzky W (2005) Improving outcomes in fetuses and neonates with congenital displacement (Ebstein’s malformation) or dysplasia of the tricuspid valve. Am J Cardiol 96:582–586PubMedCrossRef

Michefelder E, Gomez c, Border W, Gottliebson W, Franklin C (2005) Predictive value of fetal pulmonary venous flow patterns in identifying the need for atrial septoplasty in the newborn with hypoplastic left ventricle. Circulation 112:2974–2979

Moene RJ, Gittenberger-de Groot AC, Oppenheimer-Dekker A, Bartelings MM (1987) Anatomic characteristics of ventricular septal defect associated with coarctation of the aorta. Am J Cardiol 59:952–955PubMedCrossRef

Molina FS, Nicolaides KH, Carvalho JS (2008) Two- and three-dimensional imaging of coarctation shelf in the human fetus. Heart 94:584PubMedCrossRef

Morris CD, Outcalt J, Menashe VD (1990) Hypoplastic left heart syndrome: natural history in a geographically defined population. Pediatrics 85:977–983PubMed

Murphy KE, Hannah ME, Willan AR, Hewson SA, Ohlsson A, Kelly EN, Matthews SG, Saigal S, Asztalos E, Ross S, Delisle MF, Amankwah K, Guselle P, Gafni A, Lee SK, Armson BA, MACS Collaborative Group (2008) Multiple courses of antenatal corticosteroids for preterm birth (MACS): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 372:2143–2151PubMedCrossRef

Nakada K, Kawaguchi F, Wakisaka M, Nakada M, Enami T, Yamate N (1997) Digestive tract disorders associated with asplenia/polysplenia syndrome. J Pediatr Surg 32:91–94PubMedCrossRef

Nathan AT, Marino BS, Dominguez T, Tabbutt S, Nicolson S, Donaghue DD, Spray TL, Rychik J (2010) Tricuspid valve dysplasia with severe tricuspid regurgitation: fetal pulmonary artery size predicts lung viability in the presence of small lung volumes. Fetal Diagn Ther 27:101–105PubMedCrossRef

Natowicz M, Chatten J, Clancy R, Conard K, Glauser T, Uri A, Lin A, Norwood W, Rorke LB, Huff D et al (1988) Genetic disorders and major extra-cardiac anomalies associated with the hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Pediatrics 82:698–706PubMed

Nii M, Hamilton RM, Fenwick L, Kingdom JCP, Roman KS, Jaeggi ET (2006) Assessment of fetal atrioventricular time intervals by tissue Doppler and pulse Doppler echocardiography: normal values and correlation with fetal electrocardiography. Heart 92:1831–1837PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Paladini D, Volpe P, Marasini M, Russo MG, Vassallo M, Gentile M, Calabrò R (2006) Diagnosis, characterization and outcome of congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries in the fetus: a multicenter series of 30 cases. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 27:281–285PubMedCrossRef

Paladini D, Volpe P, Russo MG, Vassallo M, Sclavo G, Gentile M (2004) Aortic coarctation: prognostic indicators of survival in the fetus. Heart 90:1348–1349PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Paranon S, Acar P (2008) Ebstein’s anomaly of the tricuspid valve: from fetus to adult: congenital heart disease. Heart 94:237–243PubMedCrossRef

Parikh SR, Prasad K, Iyer RN, Desai N, Mohankrishna L (1996) Prospective angiographic study of the abnormalities of systemic venous connections in congenital and acquired heart disease. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 38:379–386PubMedCrossRef

Pasquini L, Fichera A, Tan T, Ho SY, Gardiner H (2005) Left superior caval vein: a powerful indicator of fetal coarctation. Heart 91:539–540PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Pasquini L, Mellander M, Seale A, Matsui H, Roughton M, Ho SY, Gardiner HM (2007) Z-scores of the fetal aortic isthmus and duct: an aid to assessing arch hypoplasia. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 29:628–633PubMedCrossRef

Patel CR, Lane JR, Spector ML, Smith PC, Crane SS (2005) Totally anomalous pulmonary venous connection and complex congenital heart disease: prenatal echocardiographic diagnosis and prognosis. J Ultrasound Med 24:1191–1198PubMedCrossRef

Peoples WM, Moller JH, Edwards JE (1983) Polysplenia: a review of 146 cases. Pediatr Cardiol 4:129–137PubMedCrossRef

Pisoni CN, Brucato A, Ruffatti A, Espinosa G, Cervera R, Belmonte-Serrano M, Sánchez-Román J, García-Hernández FG, Tincani A, Bertero MT, Doria A, Hughes GR, Khamashta MA (2010) Failure of intravenous immunoglobulin to prevent congenital heart block: Findings of a multicenter, prospective, observational study. Arthris Rheum 62:1147–1152CrossRef

Poon LCY, Huggon IC, Zidere V, Allan LD (2007) Tetralogy of Fallot in the fetus in the current era. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 29:625–627PubMedCrossRef

Pradat P, Francannet C, Harris JA, Robert E (2003) The epidemiology of cardiovascular defects, part I: a study based on data from three large registries of congenital malformations. Pediatr Cardiol 24:195–221PubMedCrossRef

Rosenquist GC (1974) Congenital mitral valve disease associated with coarctation of the aorta. Circulation 49:985–989PubMedCrossRef

Rosenthal E (2005) Coarctation of the aorta from fetus to adult: curable condition or life long disease process? Heart 91:1495–1502PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Rubino M, Van Praagh S, Kadoba K, Pessotto R, Van Praagh R (1995) Systemic and pulmonary venous connections in visceral heterotaxy with asplenia. Diagnostic and surgical considerations based on seventy-two autopsied cases. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 110:641–650PubMedCrossRef

Rudolph AM, Heymann MA, Spitznas U (1972) Hemodynamic considerations in the development of narrowing of the aorta. Am J Cardiol 30:514–525PubMedCrossRef

Ruscazio M, Van Praagh S, Marrass AR, Catani G, Iliceto S, Van Praagh R (1998) Interrupted inferior vena cava in asplenia syndrome and a review of the hereditary patterns of visceral situs abnormalities. Am J Cardiol 81:111–116PubMedCrossRef

Rychik J (2005) Hypoplastic left heart syndrome: From in-utero diagnosis to school age. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 10:553–566PubMedCrossRef

Sharland GK, Chan KY, Allan LD (1994) Coarctation of the aorta: difficulties in prenatal diagnosis. Br Heart J 71:70–75PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Sharland GK, Chita SK, Fagg NL, Anderson RH, Tynan M, Cook AC, Allan LD (1991) Left ventricular dysfunction in the fetus: relation to aortic valve anomalies and endocardial fibroelastosis. Br Heart J 66:419–424PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Shen O, Valsky DV, Messing B, Cohen SM, Lipschuetz M, Yagel S (2011) Shunt diameter in agenesis of the ductus venosus with extrahepatic portosystemic shunt impacts on prognosis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 37:184–190PubMedCrossRef

Shinebourne EA, Babu-Narayan SV, Carvalho JS (2006) Tetralogy of Fallot: from fetus to adult. Heart 92:1353–1359PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Shone JD, Sellers RD, Anderson RC, Adams Jr P, Lillehei CW, Edwards JE (1963) The development complex of „parachute mitral valve“, supravalvar ring of left atrium, subaortic stenosis and coarctation of the aorta. Am J Cardiol 11:714–725PubMedCrossRef

Simpson JM (2000) Hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 15:271–278PubMedCrossRef

Simpson JM, Maxwell D, Rosenthal E, Gill H (2009) Fetal ventricular tachycardia secondary to long QT syndrome treated with maternal intravenous magnesium: case report and review of the literature. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 34:475–480PubMedCrossRef

Simpson JM, Sharland GK (1997) Natural history and outcome of aortic stenosis dignosed prenatally. Heart 77:205–210PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Simpson JM, Yates RW, Sharland GK (2008) Irregular heart rate in the fetus – not always benign. Cardiol Young Cambridge University Press 6:28–31

Soto B, Pacifico AD, Souza Jr AS, Bargeron Jr LM, Ermocilla R, Tonkin IL (1978) Identification of thoracic isomerism from the plain chest radiograph. AJR Am J Roentgenol 131:995–1002PubMedCrossRef

Southall DP, Richards J, Hardwick RA, Shinebourne EA, Gibbens GL, Thelwall-Jones H, de Swiet M, Johnston PG (1980) Prospective study of fetal heart rate and rhythm patterns. Arch Dis Child 55:506–511PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Talner CN (1998) Report of the New England Regional Infant Cardiac Program, by Donald C. Fyler, MD, Pediatrics, 1980 65(suppl):375–461. Pediatrics 102:258–259

Toro-Salazar OH, Steinberger J, Thomas W, Rocchini AP, Carpenter B, Moller JH (2002) Long-term-follow-up of patients after coarctation of the aorta repair. Am J Cardiol 89:541–547PubMedCrossRef

Tegnander E, Williams W, Johansen OJ, Blaas HGK, Eik-Nes SH (2006) Prenatal detection of heart defects in a non-selected population of 30,149 fetuses – detection rates and outcome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 27:252–265PubMedCrossRef

Tometzki AJ, Suda K, Kohl T, Kovalchin JP, Silverman NH (1999) Accuracy of prenatal echocardiographic diagnosis and prognosis of fetuses with conotruncal anomalies. J Am Coll Cardiol 33:1696–1701CrossRefPubMed

Tutschek B, Schmidt KG (2011) Pulsed-wave tissue Doppler echocardiography for the analysis of fetal cardiac arrhythmias. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 38:406–412CrossRefPubMed

Tutschek B, Zimmermann T, Buck T, Bender HG (2003) Fetal tissue Doppler echocardiography: detection rates of cardiac structures and quantitative assessment of the fetal heart. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 21:26–32PubMedCrossRef

Tworetzky W, Wilkins-Haug L, Jennings RW, van der Velde ME, Marshall AC, Marx GR, Colan SD, Benson CB, Lock JE, Perry SB (2004) Balloon dilation of severe aortic stenosis in the fetus: potential for prevention of hypoplastic left heart syndrome: candidate selection, technique, and results of successful intervention. Circulation 110:2125–2131PubMedCrossRef

Valsangiacomo ER, Hornberger LK, Barrea C, Smallhorn JF, Yoo SJ (2003) Partial and total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in the fetus: two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic findings. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 22:257–263PubMedCrossRef

Van Praagh S, Kakou-Guikahue M, Hae-Seong K, Becker J, Alday L, van Praagh R (1988) Atrial situs in patients with visceral heterotaxy and congenital heart disease: conclusions based on findings in 104 postmortem cases. Coeur 19:484–502

Volpe P, Marasini M, Caruso G, Gentile M (2002) Prenatal diagnosis of interruption of the aortic arch and its association with deletion of chromosome 22q11. Ultrasound Obstet Gynceol 20:327–331CrossRef

Volpe P, Paladini D, Marasini M, Buonadonna AL, Russo MG, Caruso G, Marzullo A, Vassalo M, Martinelli P, Gentile M (2003) Common arterial trunk in the fetus: characteristics, associations, and outcome in a multicentre series of 23 cases. Heart 89:1437–1441PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Wald RM, Tham EB, McCrindle BW, Goff DA, McAuliffe FM, Golding F, Jaeggi ET, Hornberger LK, Tworetzky W, Nield LE (2007) Outcome after prenatal diagnosis of tricuspid atresia: a multicenter experience. Am Heart J 153:772–778PubMedCrossRef

Walmsley R, Hishitani T, Sandor GG, Lim K, Duncan W, Tessier F, Farquharson DF, Potts JE (2004) Diagnosis and outcome of dextrocardia diagnosed in the fetus. Am J Cardiol 2004 94:141–143

Weichert J, Harge DR, Axt-Fliedner R (2010) The fetal ductus arteriosus and its abnormalities – a review. Congenit Heart Dis 5:398–408PubMedCrossRef

Willruth AM, Geipel AK, Fimmers R, Gembruch U (2011) Assessment of right ventricular global and regional longitudinal peak systolic strain, strain rate and velocity in healthy fetuses and impact of gestational age using a novel speckle/feature-tracking based algorithm. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 37:143–149PubMedCrossRef

Winer-Muram HT, Tonkin IL (1989) The spectrum of heterotaxic syndromes. Radiol Clin North Am 27:1147–1170PubMed

Wu MH, Wang JK, Lue HC (2002) Sudden death in patients with right isomerism (asplenism) after palliation. J Pediatr 140:93–96PubMedCrossRef

Yagel S, Kivilevitch Z, Cohen SM, Valsky DV, Messing B, Shen O, Achiron R (2010) The fetal venous system, Part II: ultrasound evaluation of the fetus with congenital venous system malformation or developing circulatory compromise. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 36:93–111PubMedCrossRef

Yoo S, Golding F, Jaeggi E (2009) Ventricular outflow tract anomalies: so-called conotruncal anomalies. In: Yagel S, Silverman N, Gembruch U (Hrsg) Fetal cardiology, 2. Aufl. Informa Healthcare, New York, S. 305–327

Yoo SJ, Min JY, Lee YH, Roman K, Jaeggi E, Smallhorn J (2003) Sonographic diagnosis of aortic arch anomalies. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 22:535–546PubMedCrossRef

Live-Webinar: Aktuelle Leitlinien bei Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen

Springer Medizin

8. Herz

Zusammenfassung

Neu im Fachgebiet Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe

Hochrisiko-Eingriffe für postoperative Übelkeit

Adjuvante Brustkrebstherapie: Doppelt hält besser

Manche Gestagene können das Risiko für Meningeome erhöhen

Stillende Frauen haben geringeres kardiovaskuläres Risiko

Update Gynäkologie