Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Die Kardiologie 3/2019

21.05.2019 | Vorhofflimmern | CME

Verschluss des linken Herzohrs als therapeutische Alternative

verfasst von: Dr. K. Nentwich, E. Ene, P. Halbfass, K. Sonne, A. Berkowitz, S. Kerber, T. Deneke

Erschienen in: Die Kardiologie | Ausgabe 3/2019

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Vorhofflimmern ist assoziiert mit einem erhöhten Risiko für Schlaganfall oder periphere Embolien. Das Herzohr des linken Atriums (LAA) gilt als der favorisierte Ort der Thrombogenese, da hier die Flussgeschwindigkeit des Blutes in Abhängigkeit von vielen Faktoren reduziert und somit die Thrombogenität erhöht ist. Die Therapie mit oralen Antikoagulanzien (OAK) hat sich als Standardtherapie zur Verhinderung von thromboembolischen Ereignissen etabliert. Bei wiederholt auftretenden Blutungen unter OAK oder bei erhöhtem Blutungsrisiko besteht eine zumindest relative Kontraindikation. Als Alternative kommt hier die mechanische und funktionelle Elimination des LAA (LAA-Okklusion, LAAO) ins Spiel. Technische Möglichkeiten beinhalten den endokardialen Herzohrverschluss, die epikardiale LAA-Ligatur oder den operativen Herzohrverschluss. Die meisten Studienergebnisse existieren für den endokardialen Herzohrverschluss, der einer OAK-Therapie mit Vitamin-K-Antagonisten bezüglich Mortalität und embolischen Ereignissen nicht unterlegen ist.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Chugh SS, Havemoeller F, Narayanan K et al (2014) Worldwide epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: a Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. Circulation 129:837–847CrossRef Chugh SS, Havemoeller F, Narayanan K et al (2014) Worldwide epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: a Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. Circulation 129:837–847CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Lamassa M, Di Carlo A, Pracucci G et al (2001) Characteristics, outcome and care of stroke associated with atrial fibrillation in Europe: data from a mulitcenter multinational hospital-based registry The European Community Stroke Project. Stroke 32:392–398CrossRef Lamassa M, Di Carlo A, Pracucci G et al (2001) Characteristics, outcome and care of stroke associated with atrial fibrillation in Europe: data from a mulitcenter multinational hospital-based registry The European Community Stroke Project. Stroke 32:392–398CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Camm AJ, Kirchhof P, Lip GY, Schotten U, Savelieva I, Ernst S et al (2010) Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: the Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Europace 12:1360–1420CrossRef Camm AJ, Kirchhof P, Lip GY, Schotten U, Savelieva I, Ernst S et al (2010) Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: the Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Europace 12:1360–1420CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Blackshear JL, Odell JA (1996) Appendage obliteration to reduce stroke in cardiac surgical patients with atrial fibrillation. Ann Thorac Surg 61:755–759CrossRef Blackshear JL, Odell JA (1996) Appendage obliteration to reduce stroke in cardiac surgical patients with atrial fibrillation. Ann Thorac Surg 61:755–759CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Beigel R, Wunderlich NC, Ho SY, Arsanjani R, Siegel RJ (2014) The left atrial appendage: anatomy, function and noninsvasive evaluation. Jacc Cardiovasc Imaging 7:1251–1265CrossRef Beigel R, Wunderlich NC, Ho SY, Arsanjani R, Siegel RJ (2014) The left atrial appendage: anatomy, function and noninsvasive evaluation. Jacc Cardiovasc Imaging 7:1251–1265CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Rillig A, Tilz RR, Lin T et al (2016) Unexpectedly high incidence of stroke and left atrial appendage thrombus formation after electrical isolation fot he left atrial appendage fort he treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmias. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 9(5):e3461CrossRef Rillig A, Tilz RR, Lin T et al (2016) Unexpectedly high incidence of stroke and left atrial appendage thrombus formation after electrical isolation fot he left atrial appendage fort he treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmias. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 9(5):e3461CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Romerao J, Michaud G, Avendano R, Briceno D, Jumar S, Diaz JC, Mohanty S, Trivedi C, Gianni C, Della Rocca D, Proietti R, Perrotta L, Bordignon S, Chun J, Schmidt B, Garcia M, Natale A, Bi Biase L (2018) Benefit of left atrial appendage electrical isolation for persistent and long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Europace 20:1268–1278CrossRef Romerao J, Michaud G, Avendano R, Briceno D, Jumar S, Diaz JC, Mohanty S, Trivedi C, Gianni C, Della Rocca D, Proietti R, Perrotta L, Bordignon S, Chun J, Schmidt B, Garcia M, Natale A, Bi Biase L (2018) Benefit of left atrial appendage electrical isolation for persistent and long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Europace 20:1268–1278CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Madden JL (1949) Resection oft he left auricular appendix; a prophylaxis for recurrent arterial emboli. J Am Med Assoc 140:769–772CrossRef Madden JL (1949) Resection oft he left auricular appendix; a prophylaxis for recurrent arterial emboli. J Am Med Assoc 140:769–772CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Healey JS, Crystal E, Lammy A, Reoh K, Semelhago L, Hohnloser SH et al (2005) Left Atrial Appendage Occusion Study (LAAOS): results of a randomized controlled pilot study of left atrial appendage occlusion during coronary bypass surgery in patients at risk for stroke. Am Heart J 150:288–293CrossRef Healey JS, Crystal E, Lammy A, Reoh K, Semelhago L, Hohnloser SH et al (2005) Left Atrial Appendage Occusion Study (LAAOS): results of a randomized controlled pilot study of left atrial appendage occlusion during coronary bypass surgery in patients at risk for stroke. Am Heart J 150:288–293CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Katz ES, Tsiamtsiouris T, Applebaum RM, Schwartzbard A, Tunick PA, Kronzon I (2000) Surgical left atrial appendage ligation is frequently incomplete: a transesophageal echocradiographic study. J Am Coll Cardiol 36:468–471CrossRef Katz ES, Tsiamtsiouris T, Applebaum RM, Schwartzbard A, Tunick PA, Kronzon I (2000) Surgical left atrial appendage ligation is frequently incomplete: a transesophageal echocradiographic study. J Am Coll Cardiol 36:468–471CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee OH, Kim JS, Pak HN, Hong GR, Shim CY et al (1539) Feasibility of left atrial appendage occlusion for left atrial appendage thrombus in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 121(12):1534CrossRef Lee OH, Kim JS, Pak HN, Hong GR, Shim CY et al (1539) Feasibility of left atrial appendage occlusion for left atrial appendage thrombus in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 121(12):1534CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Reddy VY, Gibson D, Kar S, O’Neill W, Doshi S, Horton RP, Buchbinder M, Gordon N, Holmes DR (2017) Post-approval U.S. experience with left atrial appendage closure for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 69(3):253–261CrossRef Reddy VY, Gibson D, Kar S, O’Neill W, Doshi S, Horton RP, Buchbinder M, Gordon N, Holmes DR (2017) Post-approval U.S. experience with left atrial appendage closure for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 69(3):253–261CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Yerasi C, Lazkani M, Kolluru P, Miryala V, Kim J, Moole H, Sawant AC, Morris M, Pershad A (2018) An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of early outcomes after left atrial appendage occlusion. J Interv Cardiol 31:197–206CrossRef Yerasi C, Lazkani M, Kolluru P, Miryala V, Kim J, Moole H, Sawant AC, Morris M, Pershad A (2018) An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of early outcomes after left atrial appendage occlusion. J Interv Cardiol 31:197–206CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Reddy VY, Sievert H, Halperin J, Doshi SK, Buchbinder M, Neuzil P et al (2014) Percutanous left atrial appendage closure vs warfarin for atrial fibrillation: a randomizied clinical trial. JAMA 312:1988–1998CrossRef Reddy VY, Sievert H, Halperin J, Doshi SK, Buchbinder M, Neuzil P et al (2014) Percutanous left atrial appendage closure vs warfarin for atrial fibrillation: a randomizied clinical trial. JAMA 312:1988–1998CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Holmes DR Jr, Kar S, Price MJ, Whisenant B, Sievert H, Doshi SK et al (2014) Prospective randomized evaluation of the Watchman Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device in patients with atrial fibrillation versus long-term warfarin therapy: the PREVAIL trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 64:1–12CrossRef Holmes DR Jr, Kar S, Price MJ, Whisenant B, Sievert H, Doshi SK et al (2014) Prospective randomized evaluation of the Watchman Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device in patients with atrial fibrillation versus long-term warfarin therapy: the PREVAIL trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 64:1–12CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Sievert H, Rasekh A, Bartus K, Morelli RL, Fang Q, Kuropka J, Lee D, Gafoor S, Heuer L et al (2015) Left atrial appendage ligation in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients at high risk for embolic events with ineligibility for oral anticoagulation. J Am Coll Cardiol 6:465–474 Sievert H, Rasekh A, Bartus K, Morelli RL, Fang Q, Kuropka J, Lee D, Gafoor S, Heuer L et al (2015) Left atrial appendage ligation in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients at high risk for embolic events with ineligibility for oral anticoagulation. J Am Coll Cardiol 6:465–474
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Lakkireddy D, Afzal MR, Lee RJ, Nagaraj H, Tschopp D, Gidney B, Ellis C, Altman E, Lee R, Kar S, Bhadwar N, Sanchez M, Gadiyaram V, Evonich R, Rasekh A, Cheng J, Cuoco F, Chandhok S, Gunda S, Reddy M, Atkins D, Bommana S, Cuculich P, Gibson D, Nath J, Ferrell R, Matthew E, Wilber D (2016) Short and long-term outcomes of percutaneous left atrial appendage suture ligation: results from a US multicenter evaluation. Heart Rhythm 13(5):1030–1036CrossRef Lakkireddy D, Afzal MR, Lee RJ, Nagaraj H, Tschopp D, Gidney B, Ellis C, Altman E, Lee R, Kar S, Bhadwar N, Sanchez M, Gadiyaram V, Evonich R, Rasekh A, Cheng J, Cuoco F, Chandhok S, Gunda S, Reddy M, Atkins D, Bommana S, Cuculich P, Gibson D, Nath J, Ferrell R, Matthew E, Wilber D (2016) Short and long-term outcomes of percutaneous left atrial appendage suture ligation: results from a US multicenter evaluation. Heart Rhythm 13(5):1030–1036CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Pillarisetti J, Reddy YM, Gunda S, Swarup V, Lee R, Rasekh A, Horton R, Massumi A, Cheng J, Bartus K, Badhwar N, Han F et al (2015) Endocardial (Watchman) vs epicardial (Lariat) left atrial appendage exclusion devices: understanding the differences in the location and type of leaks and their clinical implications. Heart Rhythm 12(7):1501–1507CrossRef Pillarisetti J, Reddy YM, Gunda S, Swarup V, Lee R, Rasekh A, Horton R, Massumi A, Cheng J, Bartus K, Badhwar N, Han F et al (2015) Endocardial (Watchman) vs epicardial (Lariat) left atrial appendage exclusion devices: understanding the differences in the location and type of leaks and their clinical implications. Heart Rhythm 12(7):1501–1507CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Tzikas A, Shakir S, Gafoor S, Omran H, Beri S, Santoro G et al (2015) Left atrial appendage occlusion for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: mulitcentre experience with the Amplatzer Cardiac Plug. Euro Interv 11:170–1179 Tzikas A, Shakir S, Gafoor S, Omran H, Beri S, Santoro G et al (2015) Left atrial appendage occlusion for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: mulitcentre experience with the Amplatzer Cardiac Plug. Euro Interv 11:170–1179
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Kirchof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D, Ahlsson A, Atar D, Casadei B, Castella M, Dieener H‑C, Heidbuchel H, Jendriks J, HIndricks G, Manolis A, Odgren J, Popescu B, Schotten U, Van Putte B, Vardas P (2016) ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. Euro H J2016(37):2893–2962CrossRef Kirchof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D, Ahlsson A, Atar D, Casadei B, Castella M, Dieener H‑C, Heidbuchel H, Jendriks J, HIndricks G, Manolis A, Odgren J, Popescu B, Schotten U, Van Putte B, Vardas P (2016) ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. Euro H J2016(37):2893–2962CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Price MJ, Gibson DN, Yakubov SJ, Di Biase L, Natale A, Burkhardt JD, Pershad A, Byrne TJ, Gidney B, Aragon JF, Goldstein J, Moulton K, Patel T, Knight B, Lin AC, Valderranbano M (2014) Early safety and efficacy of percutaneous left atrial appendage suture ligation: results from the U.S. transcatheter LAA ligation consortium. J Am Coll Cardiol 64(6):565–572CrossRef Price MJ, Gibson DN, Yakubov SJ, Di Biase L, Natale A, Burkhardt JD, Pershad A, Byrne TJ, Gidney B, Aragon JF, Goldstein J, Moulton K, Patel T, Knight B, Lin AC, Valderranbano M (2014) Early safety and efficacy of percutaneous left atrial appendage suture ligation: results from the U.S. transcatheter LAA ligation consortium. J Am Coll Cardiol 64(6):565–572CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Fink T, Schlüter M, Tilz RR, Heeger CH, Lemes C, Maurer T, Reissmann B, Rottner L, Santoro F, Mathew S, Rillig A, Ouyan G, Kuck KH, Metzner A (2018) Acute und long-term outcomes of epicardial left atrial appendage ligation with the second-generation LARIAT device: a high-volume electrophysiology center experience. Clin Res Cardiol 107(12):1139–1147CrossRef Fink T, Schlüter M, Tilz RR, Heeger CH, Lemes C, Maurer T, Reissmann B, Rottner L, Santoro F, Mathew S, Rillig A, Ouyan G, Kuck KH, Metzner A (2018) Acute und long-term outcomes of epicardial left atrial appendage ligation with the second-generation LARIAT device: a high-volume electrophysiology center experience. Clin Res Cardiol 107(12):1139–1147CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Reddy VY, Dochi S, Kar S, Gibson D, Price M, Huber K, Horton RP, Buchbinder M, Neuzil P, Gordon N, Holmes DR, on behalf of the PREVAIL and PROTECT AF Investigators (2017) 5‑year outcomes after left atrial appendage closure. J Am Coll Cardiol 70:253–261CrossRef Reddy VY, Dochi S, Kar S, Gibson D, Price M, Huber K, Horton RP, Buchbinder M, Neuzil P, Gordon N, Holmes DR, on behalf of the PREVAIL and PROTECT AF Investigators (2017) 5‑year outcomes after left atrial appendage closure. J Am Coll Cardiol 70:253–261CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Badhwar N, Mittal S, Rasekh A, Vasaiwala S, Musat D, Naeini P, Fang Q, Nentwich K, Deneke T, Chang J, Lakkireddy D, Wilber D, Lee RJ (2016) Conversion of persistent atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm after LAA ligation with the LARIAT device. Int J Cardiol 15; 225:120–122CrossRef Badhwar N, Mittal S, Rasekh A, Vasaiwala S, Musat D, Naeini P, Fang Q, Nentwich K, Deneke T, Chang J, Lakkireddy D, Wilber D, Lee RJ (2016) Conversion of persistent atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm after LAA ligation with the LARIAT device. Int J Cardiol 15; 225:120–122CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Verschluss des linken Herzohrs als therapeutische Alternative
verfasst von
Dr. K. Nentwich
E. Ene
P. Halbfass
K. Sonne
A. Berkowitz
S. Kerber
T. Deneke
Publikationsdatum
21.05.2019
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Kardiologie / Ausgabe 3/2019
Print ISSN: 2731-7129
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7137
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12181-019-0324-3

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2019

Die Kardiologie 3/2019 Zur Ausgabe