Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Die Kardiologie 4/2022

13.07.2022 | Herzrhythmusstörungen | CME

Herzinsuffizienz

Diagnostik und Therapie gemäß der ESC Leitlinie 2021

verfasst von: Jonas Herting, Thomas H. Fischer, Prof. Dr. med. Christoph Maack

Erschienen in: Die Kardiologie | Ausgabe 4/2022

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Die Prävalenz der Herzinsuffizienz steigt und ist mit einer erheblichen Morbidität und Mortalität verbunden. Durch optimale Primärprophylaxe, frühzeitige Diagnostik und eine leitliniengerechte medikamentöse und nichtmedikamentöse Therapie können die klinischen Symptome gemildert, rezidivierende Hospitalisierungen verhindert und das Überleben der Patienten verlängert werden. Mit der Entwicklung des Angiotensin-Rezeptor-Neprilysin-Inhibitors (ARNI) Sacubitril/Valsartan und der SGLT2(„sodium-glucose linked transporter 2“)-Inhibitoren sind in den vergangenen Jahren entscheidende Fortschritte in der medikamentösen Therapie gelungen – erstmalig auch in der Herzinsuffizienz mit erhaltener linksventrikulärer Ejektionsfraktion („heart failure with preserved ejection fraction“, HFpEF). Auch für die neuen Wirkstoffe Vericiguat und Omecamtiv-Mecarbil liegen vielversprechende Ergebnisse vor. Der Beitrag fasst die wesentlichen Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik und zur Therapie der Herzinsuffizienz auf Basis der aktuellen Leitlinie der European Society of Cardiology (ESC) zusammen.
Literatur
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Shah KS, Xu H, Matsouaka RA et al (2017) Heart failure with preserved, borderline, and reduced ejection fraction: 5‑year outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol 70:2476–2486CrossRef Shah KS, Xu H, Matsouaka RA et al (2017) Heart failure with preserved, borderline, and reduced ejection fraction: 5‑year outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol 70:2476–2486CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Mcdonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M et al (2021) 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: developed by the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J 42:3599–3726CrossRef Mcdonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M et al (2021) 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: developed by the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J 42:3599–3726CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Bertero E, Maack C (2018) Metabolic remodelling in heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol 15:457–470CrossRef Bertero E, Maack C (2018) Metabolic remodelling in heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol 15:457–470CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Fischer TH, Rokita AG, Maier LS (2011) Schlüsselrolle des Ca2+ in der Herzinsuffizienz und mögliche neue therapeutische Ansatzpunkte. Kardiologe 5:80–90CrossRef Fischer TH, Rokita AG, Maier LS (2011) Schlüsselrolle des Ca2+ in der Herzinsuffizienz und mögliche neue therapeutische Ansatzpunkte. Kardiologe 5:80–90CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Rangaswami J, Bhalla V, Blair JEA et al (2019) Cardiorenal syndrome: classification, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment strategies: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 139:e840–e878CrossRef Rangaswami J, Bhalla V, Blair JEA et al (2019) Cardiorenal syndrome: classification, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment strategies: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 139:e840–e878CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Pieske B, Tschöpe C, De Boer RA et al (2019) How to diagnose heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the HFA-PEFF diagnostic algorithm: a consensus recommendation from the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 40:3297–3317CrossRef Pieske B, Tschöpe C, De Boer RA et al (2019) How to diagnose heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the HFA-PEFF diagnostic algorithm: a consensus recommendation from the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 40:3297–3317CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Streng KW, Nauta JF, Hillege HL et al (2018) Non-cardiac comorbidities in heart failure with reduced, mid-range and preserved ejection fraction. Int J Cardiol 271:132–139CrossRef Streng KW, Nauta JF, Hillege HL et al (2018) Non-cardiac comorbidities in heart failure with reduced, mid-range and preserved ejection fraction. Int J Cardiol 271:132–139CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Gladden JD, Chaanine AH, Redfield MM (2018) Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Annu Rev Med 69:65–79CrossRef Gladden JD, Chaanine AH, Redfield MM (2018) Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Annu Rev Med 69:65–79CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Abudiab MM, Redfield MM, Melenovsky V et al (2013) Cardiac output response to exercise in relation to metabolic demand in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail 15:776–785CrossRef Abudiab MM, Redfield MM, Melenovsky V et al (2013) Cardiac output response to exercise in relation to metabolic demand in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail 15:776–785CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Borlaug BA, Kane GC, Melenovsky V et al (2016) Abnormal right ventricular-pulmonary artery coupling with exercise in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur Heart J 37:3293–3302CrossRef Borlaug BA, Kane GC, Melenovsky V et al (2016) Abnormal right ventricular-pulmonary artery coupling with exercise in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur Heart J 37:3293–3302CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Mant J, Doust J, Roalfe A et al (2009) Systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of diagnosis of heart failure, with modelling of implications of different diagnostic strategies in primary care. Health Technol Assess 13:1–207CrossRef Mant J, Doust J, Roalfe A et al (2009) Systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of diagnosis of heart failure, with modelling of implications of different diagnostic strategies in primary care. Health Technol Assess 13:1–207CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Knuuti J, Wijns W, Saraste A et al (2019) 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes: The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 41:407–477CrossRef Knuuti J, Wijns W, Saraste A et al (2019) 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes: The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 41:407–477CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Mcmurray JJ, Packer M, Desai AS et al (2014) Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition versus enalapril in heart failure. N Engl J Med 371:993–1004CrossRef Mcmurray JJ, Packer M, Desai AS et al (2014) Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition versus enalapril in heart failure. N Engl J Med 371:993–1004CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Damman K, Gori M, Claggett B et al (2018) Renal effects and associated outcomes during angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition in heart failure. JACC Heart Fail 6:489–498CrossRef Damman K, Gori M, Claggett B et al (2018) Renal effects and associated outcomes during angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition in heart failure. JACC Heart Fail 6:489–498CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Curtain JP, Jackson AM, Shen L et al (2021) Effect of sacubitril/valsartan on investigator-reported ventricular arrhythmias in PARADIGM-HF. Eur J Heart Fail 24:551–561CrossRef Curtain JP, Jackson AM, Shen L et al (2021) Effect of sacubitril/valsartan on investigator-reported ventricular arrhythmias in PARADIGM-HF. Eur J Heart Fail 24:551–561CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Packer M, Anker SD, Butler J et al (2020) Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with empagliflozin in heart failure. N Engl J Med 383:1413–1424CrossRef Packer M, Anker SD, Butler J et al (2020) Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with empagliflozin in heart failure. N Engl J Med 383:1413–1424CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Mcmurray JJV, Solomon SD, Inzucchi SE et al (2019) Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 381:1995–2008CrossRef Mcmurray JJV, Solomon SD, Inzucchi SE et al (2019) Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 381:1995–2008CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Piperidou A, Loutradis C, Sarafidis P (2021) SGLT‑2 inhibitors and nephroprotection: current evidence and future perspectives. J Hum Hypertens 35:12–25CrossRef Piperidou A, Loutradis C, Sarafidis P (2021) SGLT‑2 inhibitors and nephroprotection: current evidence and future perspectives. J Hum Hypertens 35:12–25CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Böhm M, Swedberg K, Komajda M et al (2010) Heart rate as a risk factor in chronic heart failure (SHIFT): the association between heart rate and outcomes in a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 376:886–894CrossRef Böhm M, Swedberg K, Komajda M et al (2010) Heart rate as a risk factor in chronic heart failure (SHIFT): the association between heart rate and outcomes in a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 376:886–894CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Armstrong PW, Pieske B, Anstrom KJ et al (2020) Vericiguat in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 382:1883–1893CrossRef Armstrong PW, Pieske B, Anstrom KJ et al (2020) Vericiguat in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 382:1883–1893CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Teerlink JR, Diaz R, Felker GM et al (2020) Cardiac myosin activation with omecamtiv mecarbil in systolic heart failure. N Engl J Med 384:105–116CrossRef Teerlink JR, Diaz R, Felker GM et al (2020) Cardiac myosin activation with omecamtiv mecarbil in systolic heart failure. N Engl J Med 384:105–116CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Teerlink JR, Diaz R, Felker GM et al (2021) Effect of ejection fraction on clinical outcomes in patients treated with omecamtiv mecarbil in GALACTIC-HF. J Am Coll Cardiol 78:97–108CrossRef Teerlink JR, Diaz R, Felker GM et al (2021) Effect of ejection fraction on clinical outcomes in patients treated with omecamtiv mecarbil in GALACTIC-HF. J Am Coll Cardiol 78:97–108CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Halliday BP, Wassall R, Lota AS et al (2019) Withdrawal of pharmacological treatment for heart failure in patients with recovered dilated cardiomyopathy (TRED-HF): an open-label, pilot, randomised trial. Lancet 393:61–73CrossRef Halliday BP, Wassall R, Lota AS et al (2019) Withdrawal of pharmacological treatment for heart failure in patients with recovered dilated cardiomyopathy (TRED-HF): an open-label, pilot, randomised trial. Lancet 393:61–73CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Ponikowski P, Kirwan BA, Anker SD et al (2020) Ferric carboxymaltose for iron deficiency at discharge after acute heart failure: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet 396:1895–1904CrossRef Ponikowski P, Kirwan BA, Anker SD et al (2020) Ferric carboxymaltose for iron deficiency at discharge after acute heart failure: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet 396:1895–1904CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Shah SJ, Borlaug BA, Chung ES et al (2022) Atrial shunt device for heart failure with preserved and mildly reduced ejection fraction (REDUCE LAP-HF II): a randomised, multicentre, blinded, sham-controlled trial. Lancet 399:1130–1140CrossRef Shah SJ, Borlaug BA, Chung ES et al (2022) Atrial shunt device for heart failure with preserved and mildly reduced ejection fraction (REDUCE LAP-HF II): a randomised, multicentre, blinded, sham-controlled trial. Lancet 399:1130–1140CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos G et al (2021) Empagliflozin in heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 385:1451–1461CrossRef Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos G et al (2021) Empagliflozin in heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 385:1451–1461CrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Nassif ME, Windsor SL, Borlaug BA et al (2021) The SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a multicenter randomized trial. Nat Med 27:1954–1960CrossRef Nassif ME, Windsor SL, Borlaug BA et al (2021) The SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a multicenter randomized trial. Nat Med 27:1954–1960CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Køber L, Thune JJ, Nielsen JC et al (2016) Defibrillator implantation in patients with nonischemic systolic heart failure. N Engl J Med 375:1221–1230CrossRef Køber L, Thune JJ, Nielsen JC et al (2016) Defibrillator implantation in patients with nonischemic systolic heart failure. N Engl J Med 375:1221–1230CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Marrouche NF, Kheirkhahan M, Brachmann J (2018) Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation with heart failure. N Engl J Med 379:492PubMed Marrouche NF, Kheirkhahan M, Brachmann J (2018) Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation with heart failure. N Engl J Med 379:492PubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Packer DL, Piccini JP, Monahan KH et al (2021) Ablation versus drug therapy for atrial fibrillation in heart failure: results from the CABANA trial. Circulation 143:1377–1390CrossRef Packer DL, Piccini JP, Monahan KH et al (2021) Ablation versus drug therapy for atrial fibrillation in heart failure: results from the CABANA trial. Circulation 143:1377–1390CrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N et al (2021) 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): the Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J 42:373–498CrossRef Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N et al (2021) 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): the Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J 42:373–498CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Herzinsuffizienz
Diagnostik und Therapie gemäß der ESC Leitlinie 2021
verfasst von
Jonas Herting
Thomas H. Fischer
Prof. Dr. med. Christoph Maack
Publikationsdatum
13.07.2022
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Kardiologie / Ausgabe 4/2022
Print ISSN: 2731-7129
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7137
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12181-022-00569-x

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2022

Die Kardiologie 4/2022 Zur Ausgabe