Background
Methods
Study population
Laboratory analysis
Coronary angiography
Statistical analysis
Results
Characteristics of the study subjects
Non-CAD (n = 403) | CAD (n = 1,359) |
p-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 55.65 ± 9.68 | 58.60 ± 9.59 | <0.001 |
Gender (male, %) | 47.8 | 70.6 | <0.001 |
Smoking (%) | 18.9 | 39.4 | <0.001 |
Drinking (%) | 15.9 | 25.8 | <0.001 |
Hypertension (%) | 47.8 | 63.5 | <0.001 |
Diabetes (%) | 9.2 | 19.4 | <0.001 |
AMI (%) | 1.2 | 7.6 | <0.001 |
HF (%) | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.992 |
SBP | 131.54 ± 18.56 | 133.44 ± 21.22 | 0.108 |
DBP | 81.29 ± 12.08 | 81.15 ± 20.89 | 0.378 |
HR (bpm) | 68.04 ± 14.68 | 70.49 ± 13.08 | 0.008 |
Creatinine (umol/L) | 66.58 ± 15.25 | 71.2 ± 15.3 | <0.001 |
BUN (mmol/L) | 5.25 ± 4.2 | 6.38 ± 18.96 | <0.001 |
UA (umol/L) | 285.44 ± 137.57 | 306.84 ± 179.28 | <0.001 |
Glu | 7.44 ± 31.96 | 6.48 ± 18.86 | <0.001 |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.6 ± 1.01 | 2 ± 5.19 | 0.002 |
TC (mmol/L) | 4.36 ± 1.83 | 4.67 ± 11.29 | 0.424 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.49 ± 5.22 | 1.09 ± 0.45 | 0.000 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.58 ± 0.77 | 2.95 ± 9.76 | 0.055 |
Apo-A (g/L) | 1.37 ± 0.27 | 1.3 ± 0.71 | <0.001 |
Apo-B (g/L) | 0.88 ± 0.25 | 1.15 ± 4.9 | <0.001 |
B2M (mg/L) | 1.14 ± 0.28 | 1.25 ± 0.46 | <0.001 |
Gensini score | 0.5 ± 1.69 | 39.34 ± 34.66 | <0.001 |
Characteristics | Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 |
p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
≤1.00 (mg/L) n = 472 | 1.00–1.17(mg/L) n = 443 | 1.18–1.35(mg/L) n = 431 | >1.35(mg/L) n = 416 | ||
Baseline clinical features | |||||
Age (years) | 53.85 ± 9.44 | 56.49 ± 9.12 | 60.38 ± 8.53 | 61.58 ± 9.55 | <0.001 |
Gender (male, %) | 63.0 | 68.7 | 65.8 | 63.9 | 0.285 |
Smoker (%) | 33.3 | 38.3 | 34.9 | 32.0 | 0.242 |
Drinker (%) | 25.5 | 28.0 | 21.7 | 18.3 | 0.005 |
Hypertension (%) | 52.9 | 59.0 | 61.3 | 67.7 | <0.001 |
Diabetes (%) | 15.2 | 16.0 | 15.5 | 22.1 | 0.022 |
AMI (%) | 3.6 | 5.9 | 8.5 | 6.9 | 0.018 |
HF (%) | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.751 |
Baseline blood features | |||||
TG (mmol/L) | 1.86 ± 1.33 | 2.01 ± 5.09 | 2.12 ± 7.51 | 1.64 ± 1.03 | 0.228 |
TC (mmol/L) | 4.39 ± 0.99 | 4.42 ± 1.01 | 4.39 ± 1.88 | 5.26 ± 20.39 | 0.044 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.14 ± 0.49 | 1.38 ± 4.98 | 1.1 ± 0.33 | 1.09 ± 0.58 | 0.000 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.65 ± 0.82 | 2.74 ± 0.92 | 2.62 ± 0.85 | 3.49 ± 17.6 | 0.295 |
Apo-A (g/L) | 1.31 ± 0.29 | 1.41 ± 1.15 | 1.27 ± 0.26 | 1.25 ± 0.38 | <0.001 |
Apo-B (g/L) | 1.25 ± 6.59 | 1.19 ± 5.19 | 0.94 ± 0.4 | 0.94 ± 0.36 | 0.730 |
Creatinine (umol/L) | 64.13 ± 13.68 | 68.48 ± 13.12 | 71.36 ± 15.56 | 77.4 ± 16.13 | <0.001 |
BUN (mmol/L) | 5.78 ± 14.45 | 5.15 ± 1.26 | 6.89 ± 19.98 | 6.74 ± 23.13 | <0.001 |
UA (umol/L) | 272.97 ± 76.96 | 299.38 ± 88.34 | 300.06 ± 120.89 | 338.75 ± 301.73 | <0.001 |
Angiographic features | |||||
CAD (%) | 68.1 | 75.7 | 79.1 | 86.1 | <0.001 |
Severe CADa (%) | 29.4 | 46.5 | 52.2 | 82.2 | <0.001 |
Number of stenotic arteries | <0.001 | ||||
0 (%) | 37.2 | 27.1 | 22.3 | 21.7 | |
1 (%) | 26.6 | 28.0 | 25.6 | 21.3 | |
2 (%) | 22.1 | 25.2 | 26.2 | 24.5 | |
3 (%) | 14.1 | 19.8 | 25.9 | 32.6 | |
Gensini score | 24.94 ± 31.95 | 28.31 ± 34.42 | 30.02 ± 32.54 | 39.5 ± 37.73 | <0.001 |
Relationship between serum B2M and prevalence of CAD
Odds Ratio (OR) | 95% CI |
p-value | |
---|---|---|---|
B2M | 2.363 | 1.467–3.906 | 0.001 |
Gender | 2.247 | 1.668–3.041 | <0.001 |
Age | 1.035 | 1.021–1.050 | <0.001 |
Smoking | 1.865 | 1.336–2.620 | <0.001 |
Hypertension | 1.382 | 1.074–1.792 | 0.014 |
Diabetes | 2.278 | 1.523–3.514 | <0.001 |
AMI | 6.224 | 2.272–25.708 | 0.002 |
HDL-C | 0.626 | 0.479–0.806 | <0.001 |
Relationship between serum B2M and clinical or biochemical parameters
Variables | r |
p-value |
---|---|---|
Age | 0.207 | <0.001 |
SBP | 0.073 | 0.004 |
DBP | 0.005 | 0.833 |
HR | 0.021 | 0.407 |
Creatinine | 0.203 | 0.000 |
BUN | 0.029 | 0.262 |
UA | 0.113 | 0.000 |
Glu | 0.004 | 0.877 |
TG | −0.014 | 0.572 |
TC | 0.033 | 0.195 |
HDL-C | −0.016 | 0.519 |
LDL-C | 0.010 | 0.683 |
Apo-A | −0.037 | 0.149 |
Apo-B | −0.008 | 0.749 |
Relationship between serum B2M and severity of CAD
Variables | Coefficients (β) | 95% CI |
p-value |
---|---|---|---|
B2M | 0.078 | 0.029–0.127 | 0.0019 |
Gender | 0.132 | 0.077–0.188 | <0.001 |
Age | 0.107 | 0.058–0.157 | <0.001 |
Smoking | 0.070 | 0.015–0.126 | 0.0125 |
Hypertension | 0.052 | 0.004–0.101 | 0.0333 |
AMI | 0.124 | 0.076–0.172 | <0.001 |
Diabetes | 0.105 | 0.057–0.153 | <0.001 |
Variables | Coefficients (β) | 95% CI |
p-value |
---|---|---|---|
B2M | 0.077 | 0.029–0.126 | 0.0018 |
Gender | 0.160 | 0.105–0.215 | <0.001 |
Age | 0.154 | 0.104–0.203 | <0.001 |
Smoking | 0.049 | −0.006–0.103 | 0.0802 |
Hypertension | 0.062 | 0.014–0.109 | 0.0114 |
AMI | 0.149 | 0.101–0.196 | <0.001 |
Diabetes | 0.109 | 0.061–0.156 | <0.001 |