Background
Methods
Data collection
General information
Measurement of Clinical variables
Laboratory measurements
Definition of terms
Statistical analyses
Results
Age group (years) | Study Population (n) | Isolated IFG (%) | Isolated IGT (%) | IFG/IGT (%) | Undiagnosed Diabetes (%) | Known Diabetes (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | ||||||
20–29 | 694 | 5.1 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.1 |
30–39 | 1054 | 9.8 | 4.4 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 2.8 |
40–49 | 775 | 11.1 | 6.9 | 4.6 | 5.2 | 6.9 |
50–59 | 605 | 11.2 | 7.0 | 7.3 | 9.3 | 14.7 |
60–69 | 637 | 8.5 | 8.2 | 9.4 | 8.6 | 20.3 |
≥ 70 | 241 | 7.1 | 11.7 | 6.2 | 14.9 | 19.1 |
Un-standardized | 4006 | 9.1(8.2–10.0) | 5.8 (5.1–6.5) | 4.6 (4.0–5.2) | 5.1 (4.4–5.8) | 9.0 (8.1–9.9) |
Age-standardizeda
| 4006 | 8.7 (7.8–9.6) | 5.4 (4.7–6.1) | 4.0 (3.4–4.6) | 5.1 (4.4–5.8) | 8.1 (7.3–8.9) |
Women
| ||||||
20–29 | 1171 | 3.4 | 2.7 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
30–39 | 1464 | 5.4 | 6.9 | 2.6 | 2.1 | 3.0 |
40–49 | 1131 | 7.8 | 9.7 | 6.0 | 6.9 | 8.7 |
50–59 | 926 | 9.4 | 9.9 | 7.3 | 8.4 | 17.5 |
60–69 | 664 | 9.1 | 9.6 | 7.6 | 9.8 | 25.4 |
≥ 70 | 127 | 4.9 | 12.5 | 7.4 | 6.1 | 27.2 |
Un-standardized | 5483 | 6.6 (5.9–7.3) | 7.6 (6.9–8.3) | 4.6 (4.0–5.2) | 4.9 (4.3–5.5) | 9.4 (8.6–10.2) |
Age-standardizeda
| 5483 | 6.3 (5.7–6.9) | 7.6 (6.9–8.3) | 4.5 (4.0–5.0) | 4.7 (4.1–5.3) | 10 (9.2–10.8) |
Total (95%CI)
| ||||||
Un-standardized | 9489 | 7.7 (7.2–8.2) | 6.8 (6.3–7.3) | 4.6 (4.2–5.0) | 5.0 (4.6–5.4) | 9.2 (8.6–9.8) |
Age-standardizeda
| 9489 | 7.3 (6.8–7.8) | 6.7 (6.2–7.2) | 4.2 (3.8–4.6) | 4.9 (4.5–5.3) | 9.1 (8.5–9.7) |
Gender difference in prevalence of glucose abnormalities
Age- and gender- specific prevalence of glucose abnormalities (standardized to the world population 2000)
Cardiovascular risk factors and glucose tolerance
Variables | NGT/NFG | Isolated IFG | Isolated IGT | Combined IFG/IGT | Undiagnosed diabetes | Known diabetes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | ||||||
Age (years) | 38.4 ± 1.01 | 43.7 ± 1.02† | 50.4 ± 1.02† | 53.7 ± 1.02† | 54.2 ± 1.02† | 56.1 ± 1.02† |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.3 ± 0.1 | 26.3 ± 0.2† | 27.0 ± 0.3† | 27.4 ± 0.3† | 28.0 ± 0.3† | 26.6 ± 0.2† |
WC (cm) | 87.1 ± 0.2 | 90.0 ± 0.6† | 91.7 ± 0.7† | 93.1 ± 0.8† | 94.4 ± 0.8† | 91.0 ± 0.6† |
SBP (mmHg) | 119 ± 0.3 | 121 ± 0.9 | 125 ± 1.1† | 128 ± 1.2† | 131 ± 1.2† | 126 ± 0.9† |
DBP (mmHg) | 76.9 ± 0.2 | 79.1 ± 0.6* | 79.8 ± 0.7† | 81.0 ± 0.8† | 81.3 ± 0.8† | 79.3 ± 0.6* |
HDL-C (mmol/l) | 1.0 ± 0.01 | 0.97 ± 0.01 | 0.99 ± 0.01 | 1.01 ± 0.01 | 0.98 ± 0.01 | 0.97 ± 0.01 |
TGs (mmmol/l) | 1.61 ± 0.01 | 1.86 ± 0.01† | 2.0 ± 0.01† | 2.02 ± 0.01† | 2.38 ± 0.01† | 2.08 ± 0.01† |
Women
| ||||||
Age (year) | 36.4 ± 1.01 | 44.7 ± 1.01† | 45.4 ± 1.02† | 48.8 ± 1.02† | 51.1 ± 1.02† | 54.0 ± 1.01† |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.1 ± 0.1 | 28.8 ± 0.2† | 28.3 ± 0.2† | 29.4 ± 0.3† | 29.4 ± 0.3† | 27.7 ± 0.2 |
WC (cm) | 86.2 ± 0.2 | 91.1 ± 0.6† | 89.5 ± 0.5† | 92 ± 0.7† | 94.1 ± 0.7† | 90.4 ± 0.5† |
SBP (mmHg) | 117 ± 0.3 | 121 ± 0.9* | 122 ± 0.8† | 126 ± 1.0† | 128 ± 1.0 † | 127 ± 0.8† |
DBP (mmHg) | 76.9 ± 0.2 | 79.3 ± 0.5† | 80.4 ± 0.5† | 80.5 ± 0.6† | 82.1 ± 0.6† | 79.7 ± 0.5† |
HDL-C (mmHg) | 1.18 ± 0.01 | 1.14 ± 0.01 | 1.14 ± 0.01 | 1.10 ± 0.01* | 1.11 ± 0.01* | 1.12 ± 0.01* |
TGs (mmol/l) | 1.43 ± 0.01 | 1.60 ± 0.01† | 1.77 ± 0.01† | 1.84 ± 0.01† | 2.16 ± 0.01† | 1.90 ± 0.01† |
Number needed to screen (NNTS) for undiagnosed diabetes
Variables | Men | Women | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Odds ratioa
| 95%CI | Odds ratioa
| 95%CI | |
Family history of diabetes (yes) | 1.7b
| 1.2–2.3 | 1.8 | 1.4–2.3 |
Blood pressure > 140/90 mmHg | 2.5 | 1.8–3.4 | 1.9 | 1.5–2.6 |
BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2
| 4.1 | 2.7–6.1 | 2.7 | 1.8–4.0 |
Waist circumference (cm) men: >102, women: >88 | 2.7 | 1.9–3.8 | 2.9 | 2.1–4.1 |
Low leisure time physical activity | 0.82 | 0.5–1.5 | 1.0 | 0.7–1.6 |
Triglycerides > 2.8 mmol/l | 2.4 | 1.8–3.3 | 2.8 | 2.2–3.7 |
HDL-C< 0.9 mmol/l | 1.1 | 0.8–1.4 | 1.6 | 1.3–2.1 |
Variables | Men | Women | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
NNTSa
| 95% CI | NNTSa
| 95% CI | |
Family history of diabetes (yes) | 15.6 | 14.0–17.7 | 13.7 | 12.5–15.1 |
Blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg | 8.3 | 7.7–9.1 | 9.3 | 8.7–10.1 |
BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2
| 13.5 | 12.1–15.1 | 15.5 | 14.1–17.3 |
Abdominal obesity: waist circumference (cm)>102 in men and > 88 in women | 8.0 | 8.4–8.7 | 12.5 | 11.5–13.8 |
Triglycerides > 2.8 mmol/l | 10.8 | 9.8–11.9 | 7.8 | 7.3–8.4 |
HDL-C< 0.9 mmol/l | 19.2 | 17.0–22.1 | 17.0 | 15.4–19.0 |