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03.08.2020 | Original Research

Higher Amounts of Opioids Filled After Surgery Increase Risk of Serious Falls and Fall-Related Injuries Among Older Adults

verfasst von: Katherine B. Santosa, MD, MS, Yen-Ling Lai, MSPH, MS, Chad M. Brummett, MD, Jeremie D. Oliver, BS, BA, Hsou-Mei Hu, PhD, MBA, MHS, Michael J. Englesbe, MD, Emilie M. Blair, BA, Jennifer F. Waljee, MD, MPH, MS

Erschienen in: Journal of General Internal Medicine | Ausgabe 10/2020

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Abstract

Background

Despite increasing numbers of older adults undergoing surgery and the known risks of opioids, little is known about the potential association between opioid prescribing and serious falls and fall-related injuries after surgery.

Objective

To determine the incidence and risk factors of serious falls and fall-related injuries after elective, outpatient surgery.

Design

Retrospective cohort study of 20% national sample of Medicare claims among beneficiaries ≥ 65 years of age with Medicare Part D claims and who underwent elective outpatient surgery from January 1, 2009, through December 31, 2014.

Participants

Opioid-naïve patients ≥ 65 years undergoing elective, minor, outpatient surgical procedures. The exposure was opioid prescription fills in the perioperative period (i.e., 30 days before up until 3 days after surgery) converted to total oral morphine equivalents (OME) over a period 30 days prior to and 30 days after surgery.

Main Measures

Serious falls and fall-related injuries within 30 days after surgery, examined through Poisson regression analysis with reported fall and fall-related injury rates adjusted for potential confounders.

Key Results

Among 44,247 opioid-naïve surgical patients, 76.3% filled an opioid prescription in the perioperative period. Overall, 0.62% of patients suffered a serious fall or fall-related injury within 30 days after surgery. Risk factors for serious falls or fall-related injuries after surgery included older age (80–84 years: RR 1.64, 95% CI 1.12–2.40; 85 years and older: RR 1.81, 95% CI 1.25–2.86), female sex (RR 3.04, 95% CI 2.29–4.05), Medicaid eligibility (RR 1.63, 95% CI 1.17–2.26), and higher amounts of opioids filled following surgery (≥ 225 OME: RR 2.29, 95% CI 1.72–3.07).

Conclusions

Serious falls after elective, outpatient surgery are uncommon, but correlated with age, sex, Medicaid eligibility, and the amount of opioids filled in the perioperative period. Judicious prescribing of opioids after surgery is paramount and is an opportunity to improve the safety of surgical care among older individuals.

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Titel: Higher Amounts of Opioids Filled After Surgery Increase Risk of Serious Falls and Fall-Related Injuries Among Older Adults
verfasst von: Katherine B. Santosa, MD, MS
Yen-Ling Lai, MSPH, MS
Chad M. Brummett, MD
Jeremie D. Oliver, BS, BA
Hsou-Mei Hu, PhD, MBA, MHS
Michael J. Englesbe, MD
Emilie M. Blair, BA
Jennifer F. Waljee, MD, MPH, MS
Publikationsdatum: 03.08.2020
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in: Journal of General Internal Medicine / Ausgabe 10/2020
Print ISSN: 0884-8734
Elektronische ISSN: 1525-1497
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06015-6

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Higher Amounts of Opioids Filled After Surgery Increase Risk of Serious Falls and Fall-Related Injuries Among Older Adults