Skip to main content
Hauptrubriken
CME Facharzt-Training Webinare Zeitschriften Bücher e.Medpedia Podcast
Service
Jobbörse Info & Hilfe
Fachgebiete
Anästhesiologie Allgemeinmedizin Arbeitsmedizin Augenheilkunde Chirurgie Dermatologie Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe HNO Innere Medizin Kardiologie Neurologie Onkologie und Hämatologie Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie Pädiatrie Pathologie Psychiatrie Radiologie Rechtsmedizin Urologie Zahnmedizin
Themen
Klimawandel und Gesundheit Neues aus dem Markt COVID-19 Praxis und Beruf Seltene Erkrankungen GOÄ & EBM Panorama
Sammlungen
Kasuistiken Algorithmen & Infografiken Blickdiagnosen Arthropedia FlapFinder (für Dermatochirurgen) Videos Kongressberichterstattung Medizin für Apothekerinnen und Apotheker Für Ärztinnen und Ärzte in Weiterbildung Für Medizinstudierende

Live-Webinar: Aktuelle Leitlinien bei Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen

Konkret geht es um den Diabetes-Patienten mit kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen oder Risiken, die Herzinsuffizienz sowie die kardiovaskuläre Primär- und Sekundärprävention. Sind Sie hier schon auf dem neuesten Stand? Unsere Experten beleuchten, wo und warum das bisherige Procedere geändert werden soll und was in der Praxis sinnvoll ist. Holen Sie sich Ihr Update und 2 CME-Punkte beim MMW-Webinar am 24. April von 17.30 bis 19 Uhr. 
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Current HIV/AIDS Reports
Erschienen in: Current HIV/AIDS Reports 3/2019

29.04.2019 | HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment (AL Landay and NS Utay, Section Editors)

HIV and the Gut Microbiota: Composition, Consequences, and Avenues for Amelioration

verfasst von: Ivan Vujkovic-Cvijin, Ma Somsouk

Erschienen in: Current HIV/AIDS Reports | Ausgabe 3/2019

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose of Review

We discuss recent advances in understanding of gut bacterial microbiota composition in HIV-infected subjects and comment on controversies. We discuss the putative effects of microbiota shifts on systemic inflammation and HIV disease progression and potential mechanisms, as well as ongoing strategies being developed to modulate the gut microbiota in humans for amelioration of infectious and inflammatory diseases.

Recent Findings

Lifestyle and behavioral factors relevant to HIV infection studies have independent effects on the microbiota. Microbial metabolism of immunomodulatory compounds and direct immune stimulation by translocation of microbes are putative mechanisms contributing to HIV disease. Fecal microbiota transplantation, microbial enzyme inhibition, phage therapy, and rationally selected probiotic cocktails have emerged as promising strategies for microbiota modulation.

Summary

Numerous surveys of the HIV gut microbiota matched for lifestyle factors suggest consistent shifts in gut microbiota composition among HIV-infected subjects. Evidence exists for a complex pathogenic role of the gut microbiota in HIV disease progression, warranting further study.
Literatur
1.
Ivanov II, Atarashi K, Manel N, Brodie EL, Shima T, Karaoz U, et al. Induction of intestinal Th17 cells by segmented filamentous bacteria. Cell. 2009;139(3):485–98.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
2.
Atarashi K, Tanoue T, Shima T, Imaoka A, Kuwahara T, Momose Y, et al. Induction of colonic regulatory T cells by indigenous Clostridium species. Science. 2011;331(6015):337–41.CrossRefPubMed
3.
4.
Kamada N, Seo SU, Chen GY, Nunez G. Role of the gut microbiota in immunity and inflammatory disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2013;13(5):321–35.CrossRefPubMed
5.
6.
Kuller LH, Tracy R, Belloso W, De Wit S, Drummond F, Lane HC, et al. Inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers and mortality in patients with HIV infection. PLoS Med. 2008;5(10):e203.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
7.
Kalayjian RC, Machekano RN, Rizk N, Robbins GK, Gandhi RT, Rodriguez BA, et al. Pretreatment levels of soluble cellular receptors and interleukin-6 are associated with HIV disease progression in subjects treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis. 2010;201(12):1796–805.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Deeks SG, Kitchen CMR, Liu L, Guo H, Gascon R, Narváez AB, et al. Immune activation set point during early HIV infection predicts subsequent CD4+ T-cell changes independent of viral load. Blood. 2004;104(4):942–7.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Giorgi JV, Hultin LE, McKeating JA, Johnson TD, Owens B, Jacobson LP, et al. Shorter survival in advanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection is more closely associated with T lymphocyte activation than with plasma virus burden or virus chemokine coreceptor usage. J Infect Dis. 1999;179(4):859–70.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Brenchley JM, Price DA, Schacker TW, Asher TE, Silvestri G, Rao S, et al. Microbial translocation is a cause of systemic immune activation in chronic HIV infection. Nat Med. 2006;12(12):1365–71.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Lohse N, Hansen A-BE, Pedersen G, Kronborg G, Gerstoft J, Sørensen HT, et al. Survival of persons with and without HIV infection in Denmark, 1995--2005. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146(2):87–95.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Neuhaus J, Jacobs DR Jr, Baker JV, Calmy A, Duprez D, La Rosa A, et al. Markers of inflammation, coagulation, and renal function are elevated in adults with HIV infection. J Infect Dis. 2010;201(12):1788–95.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Tang WH, Wang Z, Levison BS, Koeth RA, Britt EB, Fu X, et al. Intestinal microbial metabolism of phosphatidylcholine and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(17):1575–84.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
14.
Koeth RA, Wang Z, Levison BS, Buffa JA, Org E, Sheehy BT, et al. Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis. Nat Med. 2013;19(5):576–85.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
15.
Alejos B, Hernando V, Lopez-Aldeguer J, Segura F, Oteo JA, Rubio R, et al. Overall and cause-specific mortality in HIV-positive subjects compared to the general population. J Int AIDS Soc. 2014;17(4 Suppl 3):19711.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
16.
Serrano-Villar S, Sainz T, Lee SA, Hunt PW, Sinclair E, Shacklett BL, et al. HIV-infected individuals with low CD4/CD8 ratio despite effective antiretroviral therapy exhibit altered T cell subsets, heightened CD8+ T cell activation, and increased risk of non-AIDS morbidity and mortality. PLoS Pathog. 2014;10(5):e1004078.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
17.
Hunt PW, Sinclair E, Rodriguez B, Shive C, Clagett B, Funderburg N, et al. Gut epithelial barrier dysfunction and innate immune activation predict mortality in treated HIV infection. J Infect Dis. 2014;210:1228–38.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
18.
Hatano H, Jain V, Hunt PW, Lee TH, Sinclair E, Do TD, et al. Cell-based measures of viral persistence are associated with immune activation and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)-expressing CD4+ T cells. J Infect Dis. 2013;208(1):50–6.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Li Q, Duan L, Estes JD, Ma ZM, Rourke T, Wang Y, et al. Peak SIV replication in resting memory CD4+ T cells depletes gut lamina propria CD4+ T cells. Nature. 2005;434(7037):1148–52.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Brenchley JM, Paiardini M, Knox KS, Asher AI, Cervasi B, Asher TE, et al. Differential Th17 CD4 T-cell depletion in pathogenic and nonpathogenic lentiviral infections. Blood. 2008;112(7):2826–35.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
21.
Favre D, Lederer S, Kanwar B, Ma ZM, Proll S, Kasakow Z, et al. Critical loss of the balance between Th17 and T regulatory cell populations in pathogenic SIV infection. PLoS Pathog. 2009;5(2):e1000295.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
22.
Kok A, Hocqueloux L, Hocini H, Carriere M, Lefrou L, Guguin A, et al. Early initiation of combined antiretroviral therapy preserves immune function in the gut of HIV-infected patients. Mucosal Immunol. 2015;8(1):127–40.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Eyerich K, Dimartino V, Cavani A. IL-17 and IL-22 in immunity: driving protection and pathology. Eur J Immunol. 2017;47(4):607–14.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Chevalier MF, Petitjean G, Dunyach-Remy C, Didier C, Girard PM, Manea ME, et al. The Th17/Treg ratio, IL-1RA and sCD14 levels in primary HIV infection predict the T-cell activation set point in the absence of systemic microbial translocation. PLoS Pathog. 2013;9(6):e1003453.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
25.
Ryan ES, Micci L, Fromentin R, Paganini S, McGary CS, Easley K, et al. Loss of function of intestinal IL-17 and IL-22 producing cells contributes to inflammation and viral persistence in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. PLoS Pathog. 2016;12(2):e1005412.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
26.
Marchetti G, Tincati C, Silvestri G. Microbial translocation in the pathogenesis of HIV infection and AIDS. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013;26(1):2–18.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
27.
Shacklett BL, Anton PA. HIV infection and gut mucosal immune function: updates on pathogenesis with implications for management and intervention. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2010;12(1):19–27.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
28.
Chitre AS, Kattah MG, Rosli YY, Pao M, Deswal M, Deeks SG, et al. A20 upregulation during treated HIV disease is associated with intestinal epithelial cell recovery and function. PLoS Pathog. 2018;14(3):e1006806.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
29.
Estes JD, Harris LD, Klatt NR, Tabb B, Pittaluga S, Paiardini M, et al. Damaged intestinal epithelial integrity linked to microbial translocation in pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus infections. PLoS Pathog. 2010;6(8):e1001052.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
30.
Somsouk M, Estes JD, Deleage C, Dunham RM, Albright R, Inadomi JM, et al. Gut epithelial barrier and systemic inflammation during chronic HIV infection. AIDS. 2015;29(1):43–51.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Klatt NR, Estes JD, Sun X, Ortiz AM, Barber JS, Harris LD, et al. Loss of mucosal CD103+ DCs and IL-17+ and IL-22+ lymphocytes is associated with mucosal damage in SIV infection. Mucosal Immunol. 2012;5(6):646–57.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
32.
Zaragoza MM, Sankaran-Walters S, Canfield DR, Hung JK, Martinez E, Ouellette AJ, et al. Persistence of gut mucosal innate immune defenses by enteric alpha-defensin expression in the simian immunodeficiency virus model of AIDS. J Immunol. 2011;186(3):1589–97.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Allers K, Fehr M, Conrad K, Epple HJ, Schurmann D, Geelhaar-Karsch A, et al. Macrophages accumulate in the gut mucosa of untreated HIV-infected patients. J Infect Dis. 2014;209(5):739–48.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Salzman NH, Hung K, Haribhai D, Chu H, Karlsson-Sjoberg J, Amir E, et al. Enteric defensins are essential regulators of intestinal microbial ecology. Nat Immunol. 2010;11(1):76–83.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Kumar P, Monin L, Castillo P, Elsegeiny W, Horne W, Eddens T, et al. Intestinal Interleukin-17 receptor signaling mediates reciprocal control of the gut microbiota and autoimmune inflammation. Immunity. 2016;44(3):659–71.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
36.
Garrett WS, Lord GM, Punit S, Lugo-Villarino G, Mazmanian SK, Ito S, et al. Communicable ulcerative colitis induced by T-bet deficiency in the innate immune system. Cell. 2007;131(1):33–45.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
37.
Garrett WS, Gallini CA, Yatsunenko T, Michaud M, DuBois A, Delaney ML, et al. Enterobacteriaceae act in concert with the gut microbiota to induce spontaneous and maternally transmitted colitis. Cell Host Microbe. 2010;8(3):292–300.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
38.
Armstrong AJS, Shaffer M, Nusbacher NM, Griesmer C, Fiorillo S, Schneider JM, et al. An exploration of Prevotella-rich microbiomes in HIV and men who have sex with men. Microbiome. 2018;6(1):198.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
39.
Dillon SM, Lee EJ, Kotter CV, Austin GL, Dong Z, Hecht DK, et al. An altered intestinal mucosal microbiome in HIV-1 infection is associated with mucosal and systemic immune activation and endotoxemia. Mucosal Immunol. 2014;7(4):983–94.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
40.
Dinh DM, Volpe GE, Duffalo C, Bhalchandra S, Tai AK, Kane AV, et al. Intestinal microbiota, microbial translocation, and systemic inflammation in chronic HIV infection. J Infect Dis. 2015;211(1):19–27.CrossRefPubMed
41.
Lu W, Feng Y, Jing F, Han Y, Lyu N, Liu F, et al. Association between gut microbiota and CD4 recovery in HIV-1 infected patients. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:1451.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
42.
Lozupone CA, Li M, Campbell TB, Flores SC, Linderman D, Gebert MJ, et al. Alterations in the gut microbiota associated with HIV-1 infection. Cell Host Microbe. 2013;14(3):329–39.CrossRefPubMed
43.
Ling Z, Jin C, Xie T, Cheng Y, Li L, Wu N. Alterations in the fecal microbiota of patients with HIV-1 infection: an observational study in a Chinese population. Sci Rep. 2016;6:30673.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
44.
Lee SC, Chua LL, Yap SH, Khang TF, Leng CY, Raja Azwa RI, et al. Enrichment of gut-derived fusobacterium is associated with suboptimal immune recovery in HIV-infected individuals. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):14277.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
45.
Monaco CL, Gootenberg DB, Zhao G, Handley SA, Ghebremichael MS, Lim ES, et al. Altered virome and bacterial microbiome in human immunodeficiency virus-associated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Cell Host Microbe. 2016;19(3):311–22.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
46.
McHardy IH, Li X, Tong M, Ruegger P, Jacobs J, Borneman J, et al. HIV infection is associated with compositional and functional shifts in the rectal mucosal microbiota. Microbiome. 2013;1(1):26.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
47.
Mutlu EA, Keshavarzian A, Losurdo J, Swanson G, Siewe B, Forsyth C, et al. A compositional look at the human gastrointestinal microbiome and immune activation parameters in HIV infected subjects. PLoS Pathog. 2014;10(2):e1003829.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
48.
•• Noguera-Julian M, Rocafort M, Guillen Y, Rivera J, Casadella M, Nowak P, et al. Gut microbiota linked to sexual preference and HIV infection. EBioMedicine. 2016;5:135–46. This paper (along with Kelley et al.) demonstrated microbiota differences between MSM and non-MSM, highlighting the importance of matching subject groups by sexual orientation. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
49.
Nowak P, Troseid M, Avershina E, Barqasho B, Neogi U, Holm K, et al. Gut microbiota diversity predicts immune status in HIV-1 infection. AIDS. 2015;29(18):2409–18.CrossRefPubMed
50.
Vujkovic-Cvijin I, Dunham RM, Iwai S, Maher MC, Albright RG, Broadhurst MJ, et al. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is associated with HIV disease progression and tryptophan catabolism. Sci Transl Med. 2013;5(193):193ra91.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
51.
• Vazquez-Castellanos JF, Serrano-Villar S, Latorre A, Artacho A, Ferrus ML, Madrid N, et al. Altered metabolism of gut microbiota contributes to chronic immune activation in HIV-infected individuals. Mucosal Immunol. 2015;8(4):760–72. This paper investigated stool metabolite profiles of HIV-infected and uninfected subjects, finding that kynurenine pathway enzymatic products were enriched in stool of HIV-infected subjects. CrossRefPubMed
52.
San-Juan-Vergara H, Zurek E, Ajami NJ, Mogollon C, Pena M, Portnoy I, et al. A Lachnospiraceae-dominated bacterial signature in the fecal microbiota of HIV-infected individuals from Colombia, South America. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):4479.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
53.
Yu G, Fadrosh D, Ma B, Ravel J, Goedert JJ. Anal microbiota profiles in HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM. AIDS. 2014;28(5):753–60.CrossRefPubMed
54.
Zhou Y, Ou Z, Tang X, Zhou Y, Xu H, Wang X, et al. Alterations in the gut microbiota of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. J Cell Mol Med. 2018;22(4):2263–71.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
55.
56.
57.
58.
Hoel H, Hove-Skovsgaard M, Hov JR, Gaardbo JC, Holm K, Kummen M, et al. Impact of HIV and type 2 diabetes on gut microbiota diversity, tryptophan catabolism and endothelial dysfunction. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):6725.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
59.
Winter SE, Winter MG, Xavier MN, Thiennimitr P, Poon V, Keestra AM, et al. Host-derived nitrate boosts growth of E. coli in the inflamed gut. Science. 2013;339(6120):708–11.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
60.
Winter SE, Thiennimitr P, Winter MG, Butler BP, Huseby DL, Crawford RW, et al. Gut inflammation provides a respiratory electron acceptor for Salmonella. Nature. 2010;467(7314):426–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
61.
Deleage C, Schuetz A, Alvord WG, Johnston L, Hao XP, Morcock DR, et al. Impact of early cART in the gut during acute HIV infection. JCI Insight. 2016;1(10).
62.
Mahjoub-Messai F, Bidet P, Caro V, Diancourt L, Biran V, Aujard Y, et al. Escherichia coli isolates causing bacteremia via gut translocation and urinary tract infection in young infants exhibit different virulence genotypes. J Infect Dis. 2011;203(12):1844–9.CrossRefPubMed
63.
64.
Steffen EK, Berg RD, Deitch EA. Comparison of translocation rates of various indigenous bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract to the mesenteric lymph node. J Infect Dis. 1988;157(5):1032–8.CrossRefPubMed
65.
Ortiz AM, Flynn JK, DiNapoli SR, Vujkovic-Cvijin I, Starke CE, Lai SH, et al. Experimental microbial dysbiosis does not promote disease progression in SIV-infected macaques. Nat Med. 2018;24(9):1313–6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
66.
Amato KR, Yeoman CJ, Cerda G, Schmitt CA, Cramer JD, Miller ME, et al. Variable responses of human and non-human primate gut microbiomes to a Western diet. Microbiome. 2015;3:53.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
67.
McKenna P, Hoffmann C, Minkah N, Aye PP, Lackner A, Liu Z, et al. The macaque gut microbiome in health, lentiviral infection, and chronic enterocolitis. PLoS Pathog. 2008;4(2):e20.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
68.
Nagpal R, Wang S, Solberg Woods LC, Seshie O, Chung ST, Shively CA, et al. Comparative microbiome signatures and short-chain fatty acids in mouse, rat, non-human primate, and human feces. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:2897.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
69.
Glavan TW, Gaulke CA, Santos Rocha C, Sankaran-Walters S, Hirao LA, Raffatellu M, et al. Gut immune dysfunction through impaired innate pattern recognition receptor expression and gut microbiota dysbiosis in chronic SIV infection. Mucosal Immunol. 2016;9(3):677–88.CrossRefPubMed
70.
Klase Z, Ortiz A, Deleage C, Mudd JC, Quinones M, Schwartzman E, et al. Dysbiotic bacteria translocate in progressive SIV infection. Mucosal Immunol. 2015;8(5):1009–20.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
71.
Vujkovic-Cvijin I, Swainson LA, Chu SN, Ortiz AM, Santee CA, Petriello A, et al. Gut-resident Lactobacillus abundance associates with IDO1 inhibition and Th17 dynamics in SIV-infected macaques. Cell Rep. 2015;13(8):1589–97.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
72.
Chen L, Wilson JE, Koenigsknecht MJ, Chou WC, Montgomery SA, Truax AD, et al. NLRP12 attenuates colon inflammation by maintaining colonic microbial diversity and promoting protective commensal bacterial growth. Nat Immunol. 2017;18(5):541–51.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
73.
Truax AD, Chen L, Tam JW, Cheng N, Guo H, Koblansky AA, et al. The inhibitory innate immune sensor NLRP12 maintains a threshold against obesity by regulating gut microbiota homeostasis. Cell Host Microbe. 2018;24(3):364–78 e6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
74.
Desvignes L, Ernst JD. Interferon-gamma-responsive nonhematopoietic cells regulate the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Immunity. 2009;31(6):974–85.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
75.
Favre D, Mold J, Hunt PW, Kanwar B, Loke P, Seu L, et al. Tryptophan catabolism by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 alters the balance of TH17 to regulatory T cells in HIV disease. Sci Transl Med. 2010;2(32):32ra6.CrossRef
76.
Routy JP, Mehraj V, Vyboh K, Cao W, Kema I, Jenabian MA. Clinical relevance of kynurenine pathway in HIV/AIDS: an immune checkpoint at the crossroads of metabolism and inflammation. AIDS Rev. 2015;17(2):96–106.PubMed
77.
Serrano-Villar S, Rojo D, Martinez-Martinez M, Deusch S, Vazquez-Castellanos JF, Sainz T, et al. HIV infection results in metabolic alterations in the gut microbiota different from those induced by other diseases. Sci Rep. 2016;6:26192.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
78.
Lamas B, Richard ML, Leducq V, Pham H-P, Michel M-L, Da Costa G, et al. CARD9 impacts colitis by altering gut microbiota metabolism of tryptophan into aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands. Nat Med. 2016;22(6):598–605.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
79.
Zelante T, Iannitti RG, Cunha C, De Luca A, Giovannini G, Pieraccini G, et al. Tryptophan catabolites from microbiota engage aryl hydrocarbon receptor and balance mucosal reactivity via interleukin-22. Immunity. 2013;39(2):372–85.CrossRefPubMed
80.
Rothhammer V, Mascanfroni ID, Bunse L, Takenaka MC, Kenison JE, Mayo L, et al. Type I interferons and microbial metabolites of tryptophan modulate astrocyte activity and central nervous system inflammation via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Nat Med. 2016;22(6):586–97.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
81.
Atarashi K, Tanoue T, Oshima K, Suda W, Nagano Y, Nishikawa H, et al. Treg induction by a rationally selected mixture of Clostridia strains from the human microbiota. Nature. 2013;500(7461):232–6.CrossRefPubMed
82.
• Desai MS, Seekatz AM, Koropatkin NM, Kamada N, Hickey CA, Wolter M, et al. A dietary fiber-deprived gut microbiota degrades the colonic mucus barrier and enhances pathogen susceptibility. Cell. 2016;167(5):1339–53. e21. This study demonstrated the importance of dietary fiber fermentation by the gut microbiota (which produces short-chain fatty acids) in preventing gut mucosal inflammation.
83.
• Rivera-Chavez F, Zhang LF, Faber F, Lopez CA, Byndloss MX, Olsan EE, et al. Depletion of butyrate-producing Clostridia from the gut microbiota drives an aerobic luminal expansion of Salmonella. Cell Host Microbe. 2016;19(4):443–54. This study found that loss of SCFA-producing microbes creates a niche for Enterobacteriaceae and facilitates their promotion of inflammation. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
84.
85.
Ijssennagger N, van der Meer R, van Mil SWC. Sulfide as a mucus barrier-breaker in inflammatory bowel disease? Trends Mol Med. 2016;22(3):190–9.CrossRefPubMed
86.
Guo FF, Yu TC, Hong J, Fang JY. Emerging roles of hydrogen sulfide in inflammatory and neoplastic colonic diseases. Front Physiol. 2016;7:156.PubMedPubMedCentral
87.
88.
•• Kelley CF, Kraft CS, de Man TJ, Duphare C, Lee HW, Yang J, et al. The rectal mucosa and condomless receptive anal intercourse in HIV-negative MSM: implications for HIV transmission and prevention. Mucosal Immunol. 2017;10(4):996–1007. This study concurrently supported the aforementioned conclusion of Noguera-Julian et al. CrossRefPubMed
89.
McFarland LV, Elmer GW, Surawicz CM. Breaking the cycle: treatment strategies for 163 cases of recurrent Clostridium difficile disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97(7):1769–75.CrossRefPubMed
90.
van Nood E, Vrieze A, Nieuwdorp M, Fuentes S, Zoetendal EG, de Vos WM, et al. Duodenal infusion of donor feces for recurrent Clostridium difficile. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(5):407–15.CrossRefPubMed
91.
Gough E, Shaikh H, Manges AR. Systematic review of intestinal microbiota transplantation (fecal bacteriotherapy) for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;53(10):994–1002.CrossRefPubMed
92.
Brandt LJ, Aroniadis OC, Mellow M, Kanatzar A, Kelly C, Park T, et al. Long-term follow-up of colonoscopic fecal microbiota transplant for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107(7):1079–87.CrossRefPubMed
93.
Ihunnah C, Kelly C, Hohmann E, Brandt LJ, Khoruts A, Stollman N, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in immunocompromised patients. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;1745628(ACG Abstract).
94.
Elopre L, Rodriguez M. Fecal microbiota therapy for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection in HIV-infected persons. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158(10):779–80.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
95.
Vujkovic-Cvijin I, Rutishauser RL, Pao M, Hunt PW, Lynch SV, McCune JM, et al. Limited engraftment of donor microbiome via one-time fecal microbial transplantation in treated HIV-infected individuals. Gut Microbes. 2017;8(5):440–50.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
96.
• Costello SP, Hughes PA, Waters O, Bryant RV, Vincent AD, Blatchford P, et al. Effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on 8-week remission in patients with ulcerative colitis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2019;321(2):156–64. This study found that multi-dose anaerobically-prepared healthy donor stool in the context of fecal microbiota transplant effectively induced remission of ulcerative colitis in a subset of subjects. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
97.
Rossen NG, Fuentes S, van der Spek MJ, Tijssen JG, Hartman JH, Duflou A, et al. Findings from a randomized controlled trial of fecal transplantation for patients with ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 2015;149(1):110–8 e4.CrossRefPubMed
98.
Moayyedi P, Surette MG, Kim PT, Libertucci J, Wolfe M, Onischi C, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation induces remission in patients with active ulcerative colitis in a randomized controlled trial. Gastroenterology. 2015;149(1):102–9 e6.CrossRefPubMed
99.
Rothschild D, Weissbrod O, Barkan E, Kurilshikov A, Korem T, Zeevi D, et al. Environment dominates over host genetics in shaping human gut microbiota. Nature. 2018;555(7695):210–5.CrossRefPubMed
100.
David LA, Maurice CF, Carmody RN, Gootenberg DB, Button JE, Wolfe BE, et al. Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome. Nature. 2014;505(7484):559–63.CrossRefPubMed
101.
Wu GD, Chen J, Hoffmann C, Bittinger K, Chen YY, Keilbaugh SA, et al. Linking long-term dietary patterns with gut microbial enterotypes. Science. 2011;334(6052):105–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
102.
Duncan SH, Belenguer A, Holtrop G, Johnstone AM, Flint HJ, Lobley GE. Reduced dietary intake of carbohydrates by obese subjects results in decreased concentrations of butyrate and butyrate-producing bacteria in feces. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007;73(4):1073–8.CrossRefPubMed
103.
Kim MS, Hwang SS, Park EJ, Bae JW. Strict vegetarian diet improves the risk factors associated with metabolic diseases by modulating gut microbiota and reducing intestinal inflammation. Environ Microbiol Rep. 2013;5(5):765–75.PubMed
104.
• Wang Z, Roberts AB, Buffa JA, Levison BS, Zhu W, Org E, et al. Non-lethal Inhibition of Gut Microbial Trimethylamine Production for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis. Cell. 2015;163(7):1585–95. This study demonstrated efficacy of targeting microbial enzymes with small molecules to block pathogenic functions of the microbiota, a novel strategy to alter human health by modulating the microbiota. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
105.
Stein JH, Hsue PY. Inflammation, immune activation, and CVD risk in individuals with HIV infection. JAMA. 2012;308(4):405–6.CrossRefPubMed
106.
Missailidis C, Neogi U, Stenvinkel P, Troseid M, Nowak P, Bergman P. The microbial metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide in association with inflammation and microbial dysregulation in three HIV cohorts at various disease stages. AIDS. 2018;32(12):1589–98.CrossRefPubMed
107.
• Zhu W, Winter MG, Byndloss MX, Spiga L, Duerkop BA, Hughes ER, et al. Precision editing of the gut microbiota ameliorates colitis. Nature. 2018;553(7687):208–11. This study demonstrated efficacy of targeting fundamental microbial metabolic pathways with small molecules to specifically delete pro-inflammatory Enterobacteriaceae from the microbiota. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
108.
Kutter E, De Vos D, Gvasalia G, Alavidze Z, Gogokhia L, Kuhl S, et al. Phage therapy in clinical practice: treatment of human infections. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2010;11(1):69–86.CrossRefPubMed
109.
110.
111.
Miller RW, Skinner EJ, Sulakvelidze A, Mathis GF, Hofacre CL. Bacteriophage therapy for control of necrotic enteritis of broiler chickens experimentally infected with Clostridium perfringens. Avian Dis. 2010;54(1):33–40.CrossRefPubMed
112.
de Melo AG, Levesque S, Moineau S. Phages as friends and enemies in food processing. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2018;49:185–90.CrossRefPubMed
113.
Buttimer C, McAuliffe O, Ross RP, Hill C, O'Mahony J, Coffey A. Bacteriophages and bacterial plant diseases. Front Microbiol. 2017;8:34.PubMedPubMedCentral
114.
Kristensen NB, Bryrup T, Allin KH, Nielsen T, Hansen TH, Pedersen O. Alterations in fecal microbiota composition by probiotic supplementation in healthy adults: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Genome Med. 2016;8(1):52.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
115.
Zmora N, Zilberman-Schapira G, Suez J, Mor U, Dori-Bachash M, Bashiardes S, et al. Personalized gut mucosal colonization resistance to empiric probiotics is associated with unique host and microbiome features. Cell. 2018;174(6):1388–405 e21.CrossRefPubMed
116.
Hempel S, Newberry SJ, Maher AR, Wang Z, Miles JN, Shanman R, et al. Probiotics for the prevention and treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2012;307(18):1959–69.CrossRefPubMed
117.
Ford AC, Quigley EM, Lacy BE, Lembo AJ, Saito YA, Schiller LR, et al. Efficacy of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in irritable bowel syndrome and chronic idiopathic constipation: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014;109(10):1547–61 quiz 6, 62.CrossRefPubMed
118.
• Buffie CG, Bucci V, Stein RR, Mckenney PT, Ling L, Gobourne A, et al. Precision microbiome reconstitution restores bile acid mediated resistance to Clostridium difficile. Nature. 2015;517(7533):205–8. This study identified gut bacteria that were anti-correlated with a pro-inflammatory gut bacterium ( C. difficile ), and demonstrated that anti-correlates were competitors and could be used to eliminate the pro-inflammatory bacterium in the context of exogenous supplementation. CrossRefPubMed
119.
Seres Therapeutics announces initiation of SER-287 Phase 2B ECO-RESET Clinical Study for Ulcerative Colitis [press release]. Seres Therapeutics, Inc.2019.
120.
Nature paper by team at RIKEN and Vedanta shows efficacy of candidate in autoimmune diseases [press release]. Vedanta Biosciences, Inc.2013.
Metadaten
Titel
HIV and the Gut Microbiota: Composition, Consequences, and Avenues for Amelioration
verfasst von
Ivan Vujkovic-Cvijin
Ma Somsouk
Publikationsdatum
29.04.2019
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current HIV/AIDS Reports / Ausgabe 3/2019
Print ISSN: 1548-3568
Elektronische ISSN: 1548-3576
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-019-00441-w

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2019

Current HIV/AIDS Reports 3/2019 Zur Ausgabe

Central Nervous System and Cognition (S Spudich, Section Editor)

Role of T Lymphocytes in HIV Neuropathogenesis

HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment (AL Landay and NS Utay, Section Editors)

Pathogenic Role of Type I Interferons in HIV-Induced Immune Impairments in Humanized Mice

HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment (AL Landay and NS Utay, Section Editors)

Innate Lymphoid Cells: Their Contributions to Gastrointestinal Tissue Homeostasis and HIV/SIV Disease Pathology

Central Nervous System and Cognition (S Spudich, Section Editor)

Neurocognitive Phenotyping of HIV in the Era of Antiretroviral Therapy

HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment (AL Landay and NS Utay, Section Editors)

Solid Organ Transplantation in HIV-Infected Recipients: History, Progress, and Frontiers

HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment (AL Landay and NS Utay, Section Editors)

Lipidome Abnormalities and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in HIV Infection

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Kostenlos registrieren

Neu im Fachgebiet Innere Medizin

22.04.2024 | DGIM 2024 | Kongressbericht | Nachrichten

Krebspatienten impfen: Was? Wen? Und wann nicht?

22.04.2024 | DGIM 2024 | Kongressbericht | Nachrichten

Nierenultraschall: Tipps vom Profi

22.04.2024 | DGIM 2024 | Kongressbericht | Nachrichten

Bei RSV-Impfung vor 60. Lebensjahr über Off-Label-Gebrauch aufklären!

22.04.2024 | DGIM 2024 | Kongressbericht | Nachrichten

„KI sieht, was wir nicht sehen“
weitere anzeigen

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen
Bildnachweise