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Erschienen in: HNO 4/2018

20.02.2018 | Knalltrauma | Leitthema

Lärminduzierte Neurodegeneration der zentralen Hörbahn

Eine Übersicht experimenteller Untersuchungen im Mausmodell

verfasst von: Dr. rer. nat. M. Gröschel, A. Ernst, D. Basta

Erschienen in: HNO | Ausgabe 4/2018

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Ein Lärmtrauma induziert zentralnervöse Pathologien, die zur Generierung von Hör- und Wahrnehmungsstörungen führen.

Fragestellung

Sind degenerative Prozesse in der zentralen Hörbahn eine direkte Auswirkung der Überstimulation oder eine Folge akustischer Deprivation?

Material und Methode

Bestimmung von Zelltodmechanismen im Mausmodell eines lärminduzierten Hörverlusts zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten nach einfacher oder wiederholter Lärmexposition.

Ergebnisse

Eine einmalige Lärmexposition (3 h, 115 dB SPL, 5–20 kHz) induziert akute (≤1 Tag) und längerfristige (Beobachtungszeitraum 14 Tage) Degeneration insbesondere in subkortikalen Strukturen. Nach einem wiederholten Lärmtrauma treten v. a. pathologische Veränderungen im auditorischen Thalamus und Kortex auf.

Schlussfolgerung

Lärm hat direkte Auswirkungen auf basale Strukturen der zentralen Hörbahn, eine Protektion kortikaler Areale erfolgt möglicherweise aufgrund inhibitorischer neuronaler Projektionen. Degenerative Mechanismen in höheren Strukturen des vorgeschädigten Systems deuten auf eine zunehmende Beeinträchtigung komplexer Verarbeitung akustischer Informationen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Lärminduzierte Neurodegeneration der zentralen Hörbahn
Eine Übersicht experimenteller Untersuchungen im Mausmodell
verfasst von
Dr. rer. nat. M. Gröschel
A. Ernst
D. Basta
Publikationsdatum
20.02.2018
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
HNO / Ausgabe 4/2018
Print ISSN: 0017-6192
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-018-0485-6

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