nach oben

Current Nutrition Reports

Erschienen in:

11.01.2020 | HOT TOPIC

Human Breast Milk: Bioactive Components, from Stem Cells to Health Outcomes

verfasst von: Flaminia Bardanzellu, Diego Giampietro Peroni, Vassilios Fanos

Erschienen in: Current Nutrition Reports | Ausgabe 1/2020

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Breast milk (BM) is a peculiar fluid owing unique properties and resulting the ideal food during early neonatal period. As widely known, it can improve the outcome of both neonate and lactating mother, influencing their whole life. BM is characterized by several beneficial components; among these, a great role is played by BM own and specific microbiome, deeply investigated in many studies. Moreover, the use of metabolomics in BM analysis allowed a better characterization of its metabolic pathways that vary according to lactation stage and neonatal gestational age. The aim of this review is to describe growth factors, cytokines, immunity mediators, and stem cells (SCs) contained in BM and investigate their functions and effects on neonatal outcome, especially focusing on immuno- and neurodevelopment.

Recent Findings

We evaluated recent and updated literature on this field. The article that we analyzed to write this review have been found in MEDLINE using breast milk-derived stem cells, biofactors, growth factors, breastfeeding-related outcomes, neurodevelopment, and neonatal immunological system as keywords. Discovering and characterizing BM components could result very useful to clarify the pathophysiology of their influence on neonatal growth and even to improve artificial formulations’ composition. Moreover, since SCs abilities and their involvement in the development of several diseases, they could help to discover specific targets for new therapies.

Summary

It could be useful to characterize BM-derived SC markers, properties, and variations during lactation stages, to understand their potential role in therapeutic applications, since they could be noninvasively isolated from BM. More studies will help to describe more in detail the characteristics of mother-to-child communication through breastfeeding and its potential role in the next future.

Reali A, Puddu M, Pintus MC, Marcialis MA, Pichiri G, Coni P, et al. Multipotent stem cells of mother’s milk. JPNIM. 2016;5:e50103. https://doi.org/10.7363/050103.CrossRef

Hassiotou F, Heath B, Ocal O, Filgueira L, Geddes D, Hartmann P, et al. Breastmilk stem cell transfer from mother to neonatal organs. FASEB J. 2014;28:216.4.

Sakaguchi K, Koyanagi A, Kamachi F, Harauma A, Chiba A, Hisata K, et al. Breast-feeding regulates immune system development via transforming growth factor- beta in mice pups. Pediatr Int. 2018;60:224–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/ped.13507.CrossRefPubMed

Brenmoehl J, Ohde D, Wirthgen E, Hoeflic A. Cytokines in milk and the role of TGF-beta. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018;32:47–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2018.01.006.CrossRefPubMed

Garofalo R. Cytokines in human milk. J Pediatr. 2010;156:S36e40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.11.019.CrossRef

Fanos V, Pintus R, Reali A, Dessì A. Miracles and mysteries of breast milk: from Egyptians to the 3 M’s (metabolomics, microbiomics, multipotent stem cells). JPNIM. 2017;6:e060204. https://doi.org/10.7363/060204.CrossRef

Demmelmair H, Prell C, Timby N, Lonnerdal B. Benefits of lactoferrin, osteopontin and milk fat globule membranes for infants. Nutrients. 2017;9:E817. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9080817.CrossRefPubMed

AAP. Breastfeeding and maternal and infant health outcomes in developed countries. AAP Grand Rounds. 2007;18:15–6.CrossRef

Fanos V. Metabolomics, milk-oriented microbiota (MOM) and multipotent stem cells: the future of research on breast milk. JPNIM. 2015;4:e040115. https://doi.org/10.7363/040115.CrossRef

10.

German BJ, Smilowitz JT, Lebrilla CB. Metabolomics and milk: the development of the microbiota in breastfed infants. In: Kochhar S, Martin F-P, editors. Metabonomics and gut microbiota in nutrition and disease (Molecular and integrative toxicology). London: Humana press (Springer); 2015. p. 147–67.CrossRef

11.

Anatolitou F. Human milk benefits and breastfeeding. JPNIM. 2012;1:11–8. https://doi.org/10.7363/010113.CrossRef

12.

Yang T, Zhang L, Bao W, Rong S. Nutritional composition of breast milk in Chinese women: a systematic review. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2018;27:491–502. https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.042017.13.CrossRefPubMed

13.

•• Bardanzellu F, Fanos V, Strigini FAL, Artini PG, Peroni DG. Human breast milk: exploring the linking ring among emerging components. Front Pediatr. 2018;6:215. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2018.00215Paper summarizing the last evidence regarding metabolomics and microbiomics in human breast milk.

14.

Pecoraro L, Agostoni C, Pepaj O, Pietrobelli A. Behind human milk and breastfeeding: not only food. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2018;69:641–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2017.1416459.CrossRefPubMed

15.

Cesare Marincola F, Dessì A, Corbu S, Reali A, Fanos V. Clinical impact of human breast milk metabolomics. Clin Chim Acta. 2015;451:103–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2015.02.021.CrossRefPubMed

16.

Kaingade P, Somasundaram I, Nikam A, Behera P, Kulkarni S, Patel J. Breast milk cell components and its beneficial effects on neonates: need for breast milk cell banking. JPNIM. 2017;6:060115. https://doi.org/10.7363/060115.CrossRef

17.

Garwolińska D, Namieśnik J, Kot-Wasik A, Hewelt-Belka W. Chemistry of human breast milk. A comprehensive review of the composition and role of milk metabolites in child development. J Agric Food Chem. 2018;66:11881–96. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04031.CrossRefPubMed

18.

Bardanzellu F, Faa G, Fanni D, Fanos V, Marcialis MA. Regenerating the womb: the good, bad and ugly potential of the endometrial stem cells. Curr Reg Med. 2017;7:33–45. https://doi.org/10.2174/2468424408666180705125036.CrossRef

19.

Witkowska-Zimny M, Kaminska-El-Hassan E. Cells of human breast milk. Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2017;22:11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11658-017-0042-4.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

20.

Baudesson de Chanville A, Brevaut-Malaty V, Garbi A, Tosello B, Baumstarck K, Gire C. Analgesic effect of maternal human milk odor on premature neonates: a randomized controlled trial. J Hum Lact. 2017;33:300–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334417693225.CrossRefPubMed

21.

Badiee Z, Asghari M, Mohammadizadeh M. The calming effect of maternal breast milk odor on premature infants. Pediatr Neonatol. 2013;54:322–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2013.04.004.CrossRefPubMed

22.

Rioualen S, Durier V, Hervé D, Misery L. Cortical pain response of newborn infants to venepuncture: a randomised controlled trial comparing analgesic effects of sucrose versus breastfeeding. Clin J Pain. 2018;34:1. https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0000000000000581.CrossRef

23.

Sundekilde UK, Downey E, O’Mahony JA, O’Shea CA, Ryan CA, Kelly AL, et al. The effect of gestational and lactational age on the human milk metabolome. Nutrients. 2016;8:304. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8050304.CrossRefPubMedCentral

24.

Hurst NM. The 3 M’s of breast-feeding the preterm infant. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 2007;21:234–9.CrossRef

25.

Kobata R, Tsukahara H, Ohshima Y, Ohta N, Yokuriki S, Mayumi M. High levels of growth factors in human breast milk. Early Hum Dev. 2008;84:67–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2007.07.005.CrossRefPubMed

26.

Underwood MA. Human milk for the premature infant. Pediatr Clin N Am. 2013;60:189–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2012.09.008.CrossRef

27.

Bhatia J. Human milk and the premature infant. Ann Nutr Metab. 2013;62:8–14. https://doi.org/10.1159/000351537.CrossRefPubMed

28.

Paul VK, Singh M, Srivastava LM, Arora NK, Deorari AK. Macronutrient and energy content of breast milk of mothers delivering prematurely. Indian J Pediatr. 1997;64:379–82.CrossRef

29.

Bauer J, Gerss J. Longitudinal analysis of macronutrients and minerals in human milk produced by mothers of preterm infants. Clin Nutr. 2011;30:215–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2010.08.003.CrossRefPubMed

30.

Bardanzellu F, Fanos V, Reali A. “Omics” in human colostrum and mature milk: looking to old data with new eyes. Nutrients. 2017;9:843. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9080843.CrossRefPubMedCentral

31.

Yang M, Cao X, Wu R, Liu B, Ye W, Yue X, et al. Comparative proteomic exploration of whey proteins in human and bovine colostrum and mature milk using iTRAQ-coupled LC-MS/MS. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68:671–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2017.1279129.CrossRefPubMed

32.

LeBouder E, Rey-Nores JE, Raby AC, Affoltern M, Vidal K, Thornton CA, et al. Modulation of neonatal microbial recognition: TLR-mediated innate immune responses are specifically and differentially modulated by human milk. J Immunol. 2006;176:3742–52.CrossRef

33.

Levy O. Innate immunity of the newborn: basic mechanism and clinical correlates. Nat Rev Immunol. 2007;7:379–90. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2075.CrossRefPubMed

34.

Cacho NT, Lawrence RM. Innate immunity and breast milk. Front Immunol. 2017;8:584. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00584.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

35.

Kaingade PM, Somasundaram I, Nikam AB, Sarang SA, Patel JS. Assessment of growth factors secreted by human breastmilk mesenchymal stem cells. Breastfeed Med. 2016;11:26–31. https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2015.0124.CrossRefPubMed

36.

Castellote C, Casillas R, Ramirez-Santana C, Perez-Cano FJ, Castell M, Moretones MG, et al. Premature delivery influences the immunological composition of colostrum and transitional and mature human milk. J Nutr. 2011;141:1181–7. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.110.133652.CrossRefPubMed

37.

Hamosh M. Bioactive factors in human milk. Pediatr Clin N Am. 2001;48:69–86.CrossRef

38.

Jones C, Mackay A, Grigoriadis A, Cossu A, Reis-Filho JS, Fulford L, et al. Expression profiling of purified normal human luminal and myoepithelial breast cells: identification of novel prognostic markers for breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2004;64:3037–45.CrossRef

39.

Nikadi PO, Merrit TA, Pillers DA. An overview of pulmonary surfactant in the neonate: genetics, metabolism, and the role of surfactant in health and disease. Mol Genet Metab. 2009;97:95–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymgme.2009.01.015.CrossRef

40.

Jimenez-Gomez G, Benavente-Fernandez I, Matias-Vega M, Lechuga-Campoy JL, Saez-Benito A, Lechuga-Sancho AM, et al. Hepatocyte growth-factor as an indicator of neonatal maturity. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2013;26:709–14. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2012-0303.CrossRefPubMed

41.

Ruiz L, Espinosa-Martos I, García-Carral C, Manzano S, McGuire MK, Meehan CL, et al. What’s normal? Immune profiling of human milk from healthy women living in different geographical and socioeconomic settings. Front Immunol. 2017;8:696. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00696.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

42.

Moles L, Manzano S, Fernández L, Montilla A, Corzo N, Ares S, et al. Bacteriological, biochemical and immunological properties of colostrum and mature milk from mothers extremely preterm infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2015;60:120–6. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000000560.CrossRefPubMed

43.

Schack-Nielsen L, Michaelsen KF. Breastfeeding and future health. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2006;9:289–96. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mco.0000222114.84159.79.CrossRefPubMed

44.

Patki S, Patki U, Patil R, Indumathi S, Kaingade P, Bulbule A, et al. Comparison of the levels of the growth factors in umbilical cord serum and human milk and its clinical significance. Cytokine. 2012;59:305–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2012.04.010.CrossRefPubMed

45.

Zachary I. VEGF signaling: integration and multi-tasking in endothelial cell biology. Biochem Soc Trans. 2003;31:1171–7. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0311171.CrossRefPubMed

46.

Siafakas C, Anatolitou F, Fusunyan RD, Walker WA, Sanderson IR. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is present in human breast milk and its receptor is present on intestinal epithelial cells. Pediatr Res. 1999;45:652–7. https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199905010-00007.CrossRefPubMed

47.

Funakoshi H, Nakamura T. Hepatocyte growth factor: from diagnosis to clinical application. Clin Chim Acta. 2003;327:1–23.CrossRef

48.

Collado MC, Santaella M, Mira-Pascual L, Martinez-Arias E, Khodayar-Pardo P, Ros G, et al. Longitudinal study of cytokine expression, lipid profile and neuronal growth factors in human breast milk from term and preterm. Nutrients. 2015;19:8577–91. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7105415.CrossRef

49.

Peila C, Coscia A, Bertino E. Holder pasteurization affects S100B concentrations in human milk. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017;28:1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2017.1291618.CrossRef

50.

Torres-Castro P, Abril-Gil M, Rodríguez-Lagunas MJ, Castell M, Perez-Cano FJ, Franch A. TGF-Beta 2, EGF, and FGF21 growth factors present in breast milk promote mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes maturation in suckling rats. Nutrients. 2018;10:E1171. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10091171.CrossRefPubMed

51.

Young BE, Levek C, Reynolds RM, Rudolph MC, MacLean P, Hernandez PL, et al. Bioactive components in human milk are differentially associated with rates of lean and fat mass deposition in infants of mothers with normal vs. elevated BMI. Pediatr Obes. 2018;13:598–606. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.12394.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

52.

Murphy J, Pfeiffer RM, Lynn BCD, Caballero AI, Browne EP, Punska EC, et al. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors in human milk: an exploratory analysis of racial differences to inform breast cancer etiology. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2018;172:209–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-018-4907-7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

53.

• Sitarik AR, Bobbitt KR, Havstad SL, Fujimura KE, Levin AM, Zoratti EM, et al. Breast milk TGF beta is associated with neonatal gut microbial composition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2018;65:e60–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000001585Interesting study investigating the role of BM TGFβ1, TGFβ2, and IL-10 in shaping the neonatal gut microbiome in 52 mother-child couples, modulating neonatal outcome and including neonatal immune system development. CrossRef

54.

Abstract from the Academy of breastfeeding medicine 20^th Annual international meeting Los Angeles California. Breastfeed Med. 2015;10:1–20. https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2015.29009.Abstracts.

55.

MohanKumar K, Namachivayam K, Ho TT, Torres BA, Ohls RK. Cytokines and growth factors in the developing intestine and during necrotizing enterocolitis. Semin Perinatol. 2017;41:52–60. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semperi.2016.09.018.CrossRefPubMed

56.

Munblit D, Abrol P, Sheth S, Chow LY, Khaleva E, Asmanov A, et al. Levels of growth factors and IgA in the colostrums of women from Burundi and Italy. Nutrients. 2018;10:E1216. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10091216.CrossRefPubMed

57.

Kaingade P, Somasundaram I, Sharma A, Patel D, Marappagounder D. Cellular components, including stem-like cells, of preterm mother’s mature milk as compared with those in her colostrum: a pilot study. Breastfeed Med. 2017;12:446–9. https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2017.0063.CrossRefPubMed

58.

Lee H, Padhi E, Hasegawa Y, Larke J, Parenti M, Wang A, et al. Compositional dynamics of the milk fat globule and its role in infant development. Front Pediatr. 2018;6:313. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2018.00313.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

59.

Khan MU, Pirzadeh M, Förster CY, Shityakov S, Shariati MA. Role of milk-derived antibacterial peptides in modern food biotechnology: their synthesis, applications and future perspectives. Biomolecules. 2018;8:E110. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom8040110.CrossRefPubMed

60.

Nunes M, da Silva CH, Bosa VL, Rombaldi Bernardi J, Ribas Werlang IC, Zubaran GM, et al. Could a remarkable decrease in leptin and insulin levels from colostrums to mature milk contribute to early growth catch-up of SGA infants? BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017;17:410. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-017-1593-0.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

61.

Whitaker KM, Marino RC, Haapala JL, Foster L, Smith KD, Teague AM, et al. Associations of maternal weight status before, during and after pregnancy with inflammatory markers in breast milk. Obesity. 2018;26:1659–60. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22025.CrossRefPubMed

62.

Twigger AJ, Küffer GK, Geddes DT, Filgueria L. Expression of granulisyn, perforin and granzymes in hum and milk over lactation and in the case of maternal infection. Nutrients. 2018;10:E1230. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10091230.CrossRefPubMed

63.

Pichiri G, Lanzano D, Piras M, Dessì A, Reali A, Puddu M, et al. Human breast milk stem cells: a new challenge for perinatologists. JPNIM. 2016;5:050120. https://doi.org/10.7363/050120.CrossRef

64.

Hassiotou F, Geddes DT, Hartmann PE. Cells in human milk: state of the science. J Hum Lact. 2013;29:171–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334413477242.CrossRefPubMed

65.

Ballard O, Morrow AL. Human milk composition: nutrients and bioactive factors. Pediatr Clin N Am. 2013;60:49–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2012.10.002.CrossRef

66.

Cregan MD, Fan Y, Appelbee A, Brown ML, Klopcic B, Koppen J, et al. Identification of nestin-positive putative mammary stem cells in human breastmilk. Cell Tissue Res. 2007;329:129–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-007-0390-x.CrossRefPubMed

67.

Hosseini SM, Talaei-Khozani T, Sani M, Owrangi B. Differentiation of human breast-milk stem cells to neural stem cells and neurons. Neurol Res Int. 2014;807896. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/807896.CrossRef

68.

Patki S, Kadam S, Chandra V, Bhonde R. Human breast milk is a rich source of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells. Hum Cell. 2010;23:35–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-0774.2010.00083.x.CrossRefPubMed

69.

Hassiotou F, Beltran A, Chetwynd E, Stuebe AM, Twigger AJ, Metzger P, et al. Breastmilk is a novel source of stem cells with multilineage differentiation potential. Stem Cells. 2012;30:2164–74. https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.1188.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

70.

Kakulas F, Jeddes DT, Hartmann PE. Breastmilk is unlikely to be a source of mesenchymal stem cells. Breastfed Med. 2016;11:150–1. https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2016.0021.CrossRef

71.

Twigger A, Hepworth AR, Lai CT, Chetwynd E, Stuebe AM, Blancafort P, et al. Gene expression in breastmilk cells is associated with maternal and infant characteristics. Sci Rep. 2015;5:12933. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep12933.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

72.

Hennighausen L, Robinson GW. Signaling pathways in mammary gland development. Dev Cell. 2001;1:467–75.CrossRef

73.

Wiseman BS, Werb Z. Stromal effects on mammary gland development and breast cancer. Science. 2002;296:1046–9. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1067431.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

74.

Russo J, Russo IH. Development of the human breast. Maturitas. 2004;49:2–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2004.04.011.CrossRefPubMed

75.

Dontu G, Abdallah WM, Foley JM, Jackson KW, Clarke MF, Kawamura MJ, et al. In vitro propagation and transcriptional profiling of human mammary stem/progenitor cells. Genes Dev. 2003;17:1253–70. https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.1061803.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

76.

Fan Y, Chong YS, Choolani MA, Cregan MD, Chan JK. Unravelling the mystery of stem/progenitor cells in human breastmilk. PLoS One. 2010;5:14421. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014421.CrossRef

77.

Twigger AJ, Hodgetts S, Filgueira L, Hartmann PE, Hassiotou F. From breast milk to brains: the potential of stem cells in human milk. J Hum Lact. 2013;29:136–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334413475528.CrossRefPubMed

78.

Esmailpour T, Huang T. TBX3 promotes embryonic stem cell proliferation and neuroepithelial differentiation in a differentiation stage-dependent manner. Stem Cells. 2012;30:2152–63. https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.1187.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

79.

Faa G, Fanos V, Puddu M, Reali A, Dessì A, Pichiri G, et al. Breast milk stem cells: four questions looking for an answer. JPNIM. 2016;5:050203. https://doi.org/10.7363/050203.CrossRef

80.

Sani M, Hosseini SM, Salmannejad M, Aleahmad F, Ebrahimi S, Jahanshahi S, et al. Origins of the breast milk-derived cells; an endeavor to find the cell sources. Cell Biol Int. 2015;39:611–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbin.10432.CrossRefPubMed

81.

Indumathi S, Dhanasekaran M, Rajkumar JS, Sudarsanam D. Exploring the stem cell and non-stem cell constituents of human breast milk. Cytotechonology. 2013;65:385–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10616-012-9492-8.CrossRef

82.

Field CJ. The immunological components of human milk and their effect on immune development in infants. J Nutr. 2005;135:1–4. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/135.1.1.CrossRefPubMed

83.

• Briere CE, McGrath JM, Jensen T. Breast milk stem cells. Paper presented at Pediatric Academic Society Baltimora. 2016. This article summarizes the current evidence regarding breast milk derived stem cells (BMDSCs), especially in relation to different stage of lactation, expressed markers and lineages.

84.

Cairns J. Somatic stem cells and the kinetics of mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002;99:10567–70. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.162369899.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

85.

Hong Y, Stambrook PJ. Restoration of an absent G1 arrest and protection from apoptosis in embryonic stem cells after ionizing radiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101:14443–8. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0401346101.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

86.

•• Briere CE, Jensen T, Young EE MGJM, Finck C. Stem-like cell characteristics from breast milk of mothers with preterm infants as compared to mothers with term infants. Breast Feed Med. 2017;12:174–9. https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2017.0002Study demonstrating that SCs content differs in BM from mothers delivering term and preterm neonates. Comparing samples from preterm neonates (born before than 37 weeks of GA) with full term samples, a different percentage and a variable expression of SCs ‘markers was highlighted. CrossRef

87.

Walker TL, Kempermann G. One mouse, two cultures: isolation and culture of adult neural stem cells from the two neurogenic zones of individual mice. J Vis Exp. 2014;84:51225. https://doi.org/10.3791/51225.CrossRef

88.

McGregor JA, Rogo LJ. Breast milk: an unappreciated source of steam cells. J Hum Lact. 2006;22:270–1. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334406290222.CrossRefPubMed

89.

Hassiotou F, Hartmann PE. At the dawn of a new discovery: the potential of breast milk stem cells. Adv Nutr. 2014;5:770–8. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.114.006924.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

90.

Li CY, Wu XY, Tong JB, Yang XX, Zhao JL, Zheng QF, et al. Comparative analysis of human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow and adipose tissue under xeno-free conditions for cell therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2015;6:55. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-015-0066-5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

91.

Burlacu A, Grigorescu G, Rosca A, Preda MB, Simionescu M. Factors secreted by mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells have complementary effects on angiogenesis in vitro. Stem Cells Dev. 2013;22:643–53. https://doi.org/10.1089/scd.2012.0273.CrossRefPubMed

92.

Schneider N, Garcia-Rodenas CL. Early nutritional interventions for brain and cognitive development in preterm infants: a review of the literature. Nutrients. 2017;9:E187. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9030187.CrossRefPubMed

93.

González HF, Visentin S. Micronutrients and neurodevelopment: an update. Arch Argent Pediatr. 2016;114:570–5. https://doi.org/10.5546/aap.2016.eng.570.CrossRefPubMed

94.

Hernell O, Timby N, Domellöf M. Clinical benefits of milk fat globule membranes for infants and children. J Pediatr. 2016;173:60–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.02.077.CrossRef

95.

González HF, Visentin S. Nutrients and neurodevelopment: lipids. Arch Argent Pediatr. 2016;114:472–6. https://doi.org/10.5546/aap.2016.eng.472.CrossRefPubMed

96.

Bertino E, Di Nicola P, Giuliani F, Peila C, Cester E, Vassia C, et al. Benefits of human milk in preterm infant feeding. J Pediatr Neonatal Individ Med. 2012;1:19–24. https://doi.org/10.7363/010102.CrossRef

97.

Furman L, Taylor G, Minich N, Hack M. The effect of maternal milk on neonatal morbidity of very low-birth-weight infants. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003;157:66–71.CrossRef

98.

Meinzen-Deer J, Poindexter B, Wrage L, Morrow AL, Stoll B, Donovan EF. Role of human milk in extremely low birth weight infants risk of necrotizing enterocolitis or death. J Perinatol. 2009;29:57–62. https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2008.117.CrossRef

99.

American Academy of Pediatrics. Section on breastfeeding. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. 2012;129:827–41. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-3552.CrossRef

100.

•• Jimènez BC, Parada YA, Marin AV, de Pipaon Marcos MS. Beneficios a corto, medio y largo plazo de la ingesta de leche humana en recien nacidos de muy bajo peso. Short, medium and long term benefits of human milk intake in very low birth weight infants. Nutr Hosp. 2017;34:5. https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.1014Study demonstrating a better neurodevelopmental outcome at two years and a better score in the global and verbal cognitive area at five years of age in a population of 152 very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates assuming BM since the first weeks of life.

101.

Belfort MB, Ehrenkranz RA. Neurodevelopmental outcomes and nutritional strategies in very low birth weight infants. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017;22:42–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.siny.2016.09.001.CrossRefPubMed

102.

Colaizy TT, Carlson S, Saftlas AF, Morriss FH Jr. Growth in VLBW infants fed predominantly fortified maternal and donor human milk diets: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Pediatr. 2012;12:124. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-12-124.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

103.

Roze JC, Darmaun D, Boquien CY, Flamant C, Picaud JC, Savagner C, et al. The apparent breastfeeding paradox in very preterm infants: relationship between breast feeding, early weight gain and neurodevelopment based on results from two cohorts. EPIPAGE and LIFT. BMJ Open. 2012;2:e000834. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2012-000834.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

104.

Koo W, Tank S, Martin S, Shi R. Human milk and neurodevelopment in children with very low birth weight: a systematic review. Nutr J. 2014;13:94. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-13-94.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

105.

Vohr BR, Poindexter BB, Dusick AM, McKinley LT, Higgins RD, Langer JC, et al. Persistent beneficial effects of breast milk ingested in the neonatal intensive care unit on outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants at 30 months of age. Pediatrics. 2007;120:e953–9. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-3227.CrossRefPubMed

106.

Smith MM, Durkin M, Hinton VJ, Bellinger D, Kuhn L. Influence of breastfeeding on cognitive outcomes at age 6–8 years: follow-up of very low birth weight infants. Am J Epidemiol. 2003;158:1075–82.CrossRef

107.

Belfort MB, Anderson PJ, Nowak V, Lee KJ, Molesworth C, Thompson DK, et al. A breast milk feeding, brain development, and neurocognitive outcomes: a 7-year longitudinal study in infants born at less than 30 weeks' gestation. J Pediatr. 2016;177:133–139e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.06.045.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

108.

Patra K, Hamilton M, Johnson TJ, Greene M, Dabrowski E, Meier PP, et al. NICU human milk dose and 20 month neurodevelopmental outcome in very low birth weight infants. Neonatology. 2017;112:330–6. https://doi.org/10.1159/000475834.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

109.

Perrin MT, Pawlak R, Dean LL. A cross-sectional study of fatty acids and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in human milk from lactating women following vegan, vegetarian, and omnivore diets. Eur J Nutr. 2018;58:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-1793-z.CrossRef

110.

Wang B. Molecular determinants of milk lactoferrin as a bioactive compound in early neurodevelopment and cognition. J Pediatr. 2016;173:S29–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.02.073.CrossRefPubMed

111.

Jacobi-Polishook T, Collins CT, Sullivan TR, Simmer K, Gillman MW, Gibson RA, et al. Human milk intake in preterm infants and neurodevelopment at 18 months corrected age. Pediatr Res. 2016;80:486–92. https://doi.org/10.1038/pr.2016.114.CrossRefPubMed

112.

Pinelli J, Saigal S, Atkinson SA. Effect of breastmilk consumption on neurodevelopmental outcomes at 6 and 12 months of age in VLBW infants. Adv Neonatal Care. 2003;3:76–87.CrossRef

113.

Wang Q, Cui Q, Yan C. The effect of supplementation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids during lactation on neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infant from infancy to school age: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Neurol. 2016;59:54–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2016.02.017.CrossRefPubMed

114.

Sammallahti S, Kajantie E, Matinolli HM. Nutrition after preterm birth and adult neurocognitive outcomes. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0185632. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185632.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

115.

Lucas A, Fewtrell MS, Morley R, Lucas PJ, Baker BA, Lister G, et al. Randomized outcome trial of human milk fortification and developmental outcome in preterm infants. Am J Clin Nutr. 1996;64:142–51. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/64.2.142.CrossRefPubMed

116.

O’Connor DL, Jacobs J, Hall R, Adamkin D, Auestad N, Castillo M, et al. Growth and development of premature infants fed predominantly human milk, predominantly premature infant formula, or a combination of human milk and premature formula. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2003;37:437–46.CrossRef

117.

Wendy A. On mammary stem cells. J Cell Sci. 2005;118:3585–94. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.02532.CrossRef

118.

Shipitsin M, Campbell LL, Argani P, Weremowicz S, Bloushtain-Qimron N, Yao J, et al. Molecular definition of breast tumor heterogeneity. Cancer Cell. 2007;11:259–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2007.01.013.CrossRefPubMed

119.

Park SY, Jeong AJ, Kim GY, Jo A, Lee JE, Leem SH, et al. Lactoferrin protects human mesenchymal stem cells from oxidative stress-induced senescence and apoptosis. Microb Biotechnol. 2017;27:1877–84. https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1707.07040.CrossRef

120.

Bartel DP. MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function. Cell. 2004;116:281–97.CrossRef

121.

Caporali A, Emanueli C. MicroRNA regulation in angiogenesis. Vasc Pharmacol. 2011;55:79–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vph.2011.06.006.CrossRef

122.

International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium. Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome. Nature. 2004;431:931–45. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03001.CrossRef

123.

Ventura A, Young AG, Winslow MM, Lintault L, Meissner A, Erkeland SJ, et al. Targeted deletion reveals essential and overlapping functions of the miR-17-92 family of mRNA clusters. Cell. 2008;132:875–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2008.02.019.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

124.

Kosaka N, Izumi H, Seckine K, Ochiya T. MicroRNA as a new immune-regulatory agent in breast milk. Silence. 2010;1:7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1758-907X-1-7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

125.

Zhou Q, Li M, Wang X, Li Q, Wang T, Zhu Q, et al. Immune-related microRNAs are abundant in breast milk exosomes. Int J Biol Sci. 2012;8:118–23.CrossRef

126.

Alsaweed M, Hartmann P, Geddes D, Foteini K. MicroRNAs in breastmilk and the lactating breast: potential immunoprotectors and developmental regulators for the infant and the mother. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015;12:13981–4020. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph12111398.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

127.

Valadi H, Ekstrom K, Bossios A, Sjöstrand M, Lee JJ, Lötvall JO. Exosome-mediated transfer of mRNAs is a novel mechanism of genetic exchange between cells. Nat Cells Biol. 2007;9:654–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb1596.CrossRef

128.

Gu Y, Li M, Wang T, Liang Y, Zhong Z, Wang X, et al. Lactation-related microRNA expression profiles of porcine breast milk exosomes. PLoS One. 2012;7:e43591. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043691.CrossRef

129.

Admyre C, Johansson SM, Qazi KR, Filén JJ, Lahesmaa R, Norman M, et al. Exosomes with immune modulatory features are present in human breast milk. J Immun. 2007;179:1969–78. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.179.3.1969.CrossRefPubMed

130.

Piskorska-Jasiulewicz MM, Witkowska-Zimny M. Non-nutritional use of breast milk. Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 2017;71:860–6. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5049.CrossRef

Titel: Human Breast Milk: Bioactive Components, from Stem Cells to Health Outcomes
verfasst von: Flaminia Bardanzellu
Diego Giampietro Peroni
Vassilios Fanos
Publikationsdatum: 11.01.2020
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Current Nutrition Reports / Ausgabe 1/2020
Elektronische ISSN: 2161-3311
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-020-00303-7

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

^{Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag}

Kostenlos registrieren

Neu im Fachgebiet Innere Medizin

25.04.2024 | Hypotonie | Nachrichten

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Springer Medizin

Human Breast Milk: Bioactive Components, from Stem Cells to Health Outcomes

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Recent Findings

Summary

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Neu im Fachgebiet Innere Medizin

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

Therapiestart mit Blutdrucksenkern erhöht Frakturrisiko

Adjuvante Immuntherapie verlängert Leben bei RCC

Alectinib verbessert krankheitsfreies Überleben bei ALK-positivem NSCLC

Update Innere Medizin

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Recent Findings

Summary

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Neu im Fachgebiet Innere Medizin

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

Therapiestart mit Blutdrucksenkern erhöht Frakturrisiko

Adjuvante Immuntherapie verlängert Leben bei RCC

Alectinib verbessert krankheitsfreies Überleben bei ALK-positivem NSCLC

Update Innere Medizin