Introduction
General Characteristics of hiPSC-CMs
Electrophysiological Characteristics of hiPSC-CMs
Action Potential
Ion Currents
Cell type | Current density (pA/pF) | Refs |
V
1/2 of activation (mV) | Refs |
V
1/2 of inactivation (mV) | Refs | Recovery from inactivation (ms) | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I
Na
| hiPSC-CMs | From −12.2a to −272.2 | From −25.5 to −42.4 | From −61.4 to −85.0 |
τ = 60.4
t
1/2 = 10.8
τ
f = 6.4, 6.0
τ
s = 103.6, 118.1 | [35, 37, 40, 108] | |||
Human VM | −49.0 | [38] | −51.0 | [38] | −102.0 | [38] | NA | NA | |
I
CaL
| hiPSC-CMs | From −6.6 to ~−58 | From ~−12 to ~−28 | −29.1, ~−45 | NA | NA | |||
Human VM | −10.2, −3.8 | −4.7, −4.2 | −19.3, −23.5 | NA | NA | ||||
I
to1
| hiPSC-CMs | From ~1.3 to ~19 | From ~10 to ~20 | ~−40, −41.1 |
τ
f = 200
τ
s = 2380 | [52] | |||
Human sub-epi VM | 6.8, 10.6 | 9.7, 29.1 | −31.9, −9.5 |
τ = 24
τ
s = 9621
τ
f = 46.1 | |||||
Human sub-endo VM | 4.4, 2.6 | 23.1, 32.0 | −25.3, −17.6 |
τ
f = 25.0, 90.6
τ
s = 328.0, 3109.0 | |||||
Human VM | 9.3, 8.5b
| ~30, ~20 | −27.3 | [51] |
τ = 27.8 | [51] | |||
I
Kr
| hiPSC-CMs | From ~0.18 to ~2.5 | From ~−10 to ~−36 | NA | NA | ||||
Human VM | 0.31, ~0.25, ~0.6 | ~+22, −5.74 | NA | NA | |||||
I
Ks
| hiPSC-CMs | From 0.22 to ~2.9 | From ~−10 to ~+22 | X | X | ||||
Human VM | 0.18 | [60] | NA | X | X | ||||
I
K1
| hiPSC-CMs | From ~−0.8 to −5.1 | X | X | X | ||||
Human VM | From −3.6 to −32.1 | [68] | X | X | X | ||||
I
f
| hiPSC-CMs | −4.1, −0.9, ~−3.0 | −84.6 | [30] | X | X | |||
Human VM | −1.18 | [71] | −110, −80.0 | X | X |
Ion current | Blockers |
---|---|
Sodium current (I
Na) | Flecainide, TTX |
L-type calcium current (I
CaL) | Nifedipine |
T-type calcium current (I
CaT) | Nickel |
Late sodium current (I
NaL) | GS967, ranolazine |
Transient outward potassium current (I
to1) | 4-Aminopyridine |
Rapid delayed rectifier potassium current (I
Kr) | E-4031 |
Slow delayed rectifier potassium current (I
Ks) | JNJ303, chromanol 293B |
Inward rectifier potassium current (I
K1) | Barium |
“Funny” current (I
f) | Ivabradine |