Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Pediatric Cardiology 1/2018

17.10.2017 | Review Article

Hypertension in Coarctation of the Aorta: Challenges in Diagnosis in Children

verfasst von: Trisha V. Vigneswaran, Manish D. Sinha, Israel Valverde, John M. Simpson, Marietta Charakida

Erschienen in: Pediatric Cardiology | Ausgabe 1/2018

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Evidence indicates that patients with coarctation of the aorta (COA) suffer from increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in later life despite successful repair of COA in childhood. Systolic arterial hypertension is common, presenting in up to one-third of patients, and is regarded as the main driver of premature cardiovascular events in this group of patients. In this review, we discuss the prevalence and pathophysiology of hypertension in children following successful COA repair with no residual arch obstruction. The challenges in accurate blood pressure assessment at this early phase are considered and non-invasive measures of central blood pressure are discussed. Although the pathways for investigations in adults are well defined, we highlight the need to address the issues of cardiovascular surveillance in children and describe techniques which can provide complementary information for cardiovascular assessment in this group of patients such that timely treatment can occur.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Bower C, Ramsay JM (1994) Congenital heart disease: a 10 year cohort. J Paediatr Child Health 30(5):414–418PubMedCrossRef Bower C, Ramsay JM (1994) Congenital heart disease: a 10 year cohort. J Paediatr Child Health 30(5):414–418PubMedCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Gardiner HM, Kovacevic A, van der Heijden LB, Pfeiffer PW, Franklin RC, Gibbs JL, Averiss IE, Larovere JM (2014) Prenatal screening for major congenital heart disease: assessing performance by combining national cardiac audit with maternity data. Heart 100(5):375–382. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2013-304640 PubMedCrossRef Gardiner HM, Kovacevic A, van der Heijden LB, Pfeiffer PW, Franklin RC, Gibbs JL, Averiss IE, Larovere JM (2014) Prenatal screening for major congenital heart disease: assessing performance by combining national cardiac audit with maternity data. Heart 100(5):375–382. doi:10.​1136/​heartjnl-2013-304640 PubMedCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Allan LD, Chita SK, Anderson RH, Fagg N, Crawford DC, Tynan MJ (1988) Coarctation of the aorta in prenatal life: an echocardiographic, anatomical, and functional study. Br Heart J 59(3):356–360PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Allan LD, Chita SK, Anderson RH, Fagg N, Crawford DC, Tynan MJ (1988) Coarctation of the aorta in prenatal life: an echocardiographic, anatomical, and functional study. Br Heart J 59(3):356–360PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Franklin O, Burch M, Manning N, Sleeman K, Gould S, Archer N (2002) Prenatal diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta improves survival and reduces morbidity. Heart 87(1):67–69PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Franklin O, Burch M, Manning N, Sleeman K, Gould S, Archer N (2002) Prenatal diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta improves survival and reduces morbidity. Heart 87(1):67–69PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Gillett C, Wong A, Wilson DG, Wolf AR, Martin RP, Kenny D (2011) Underrecognition of elevated blood pressure readings in children after early repair of coarctation of the aorta. Pediatr Cardiol 32(2):202–205. doi:10.1007/s00246-010-9860-0 PubMedCrossRef Gillett C, Wong A, Wilson DG, Wolf AR, Martin RP, Kenny D (2011) Underrecognition of elevated blood pressure readings in children after early repair of coarctation of the aorta. Pediatr Cardiol 32(2):202–205. doi:10.​1007/​s00246-010-9860-0 PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Cohen M, Fuster V, Steele PM, Driscoll D, McGoon DC (1989) Coarctation of the aorta. Long-term follow-up and prediction of outcome after surgical correction. Circulation 80(4):840–845PubMedCrossRef Cohen M, Fuster V, Steele PM, Driscoll D, McGoon DC (1989) Coarctation of the aorta. Long-term follow-up and prediction of outcome after surgical correction. Circulation 80(4):840–845PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Hager A, Kanz S, Kaemmerer H, Schreiber C, Hess J (2007) Coarctation long-term assessment (COALA): significance of arterial hypertension in a cohort of 404 patients up to 27 years after surgical repair of isolated coarctation of the aorta, even in the absence of restenosis and prosthetic material. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 134(3):738–745. doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.04.027 PubMedCrossRef Hager A, Kanz S, Kaemmerer H, Schreiber C, Hess J (2007) Coarctation long-term assessment (COALA): significance of arterial hypertension in a cohort of 404 patients up to 27 years after surgical repair of isolated coarctation of the aorta, even in the absence of restenosis and prosthetic material. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 134(3):738–745. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jtcvs.​2007.​04.​027 PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Leandro J, Smallhorn JF, Benson L, Musewe N, Balfe JW, Dyck JD, West L, Freedom R (1992) Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and left ventricular mass and function after successful surgical repair of coarctation of the aorta. J Am Coll Cardiol 20(1):197–204PubMedCrossRef Leandro J, Smallhorn JF, Benson L, Musewe N, Balfe JW, Dyck JD, West L, Freedom R (1992) Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and left ventricular mass and function after successful surgical repair of coarctation of the aorta. J Am Coll Cardiol 20(1):197–204PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Sullivan JJ, Derrick G, Darnell R (2002) Prevalence of hypertension in children after early repair of coarctation of the aorta: a cohort study using casual and 24 hour blood pressure measurement. Heart 88(2):163–166PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef O’Sullivan JJ, Derrick G, Darnell R (2002) Prevalence of hypertension in children after early repair of coarctation of the aorta: a cohort study using casual and 24 hour blood pressure measurement. Heart 88(2):163–166PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Bald M, Neudorf U (2000) Arterial hypertension in children and adolescents after surgical repair of aortic coarctation defined by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Blood Press Monit 5(3):163–167PubMedCrossRef Bald M, Neudorf U (2000) Arterial hypertension in children and adolescents after surgical repair of aortic coarctation defined by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Blood Press Monit 5(3):163–167PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Eicken A, Pensl U, Sebening W, Hager A, Genz T, Schreiber C, Lang D, Kaemmerer H, Busch R, Hess J (2006) The fate of systemic blood pressure in patients after effectively stented coarctation. Eur Heart J 27(9):1100–1105. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi748 PubMedCrossRef Eicken A, Pensl U, Sebening W, Hager A, Genz T, Schreiber C, Lang D, Kaemmerer H, Busch R, Hess J (2006) The fate of systemic blood pressure in patients after effectively stented coarctation. Eur Heart J 27(9):1100–1105. doi:10.​1093/​eurheartj/​ehi748 PubMedCrossRef
24.
26.
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Bailie MD, Donoso VS, Gonzalez NC (1984) Role of the renin-angiotensin system in hypertension after coarctation of the aorta. J Lab Clin Med 104(4):553–562PubMed Bailie MD, Donoso VS, Gonzalez NC (1984) Role of the renin-angiotensin system in hypertension after coarctation of the aorta. J Lab Clin Med 104(4):553–562PubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat de Divitiis M, Pilla C, Kattenhorn M, Zadinello M, Donald A, Leeson P, Wallace S, Redington A, Deanfield JE (2001) Vascular dysfunction after repair of coarctation of the aorta: impact of early surgery. Circulation 104(12 Suppl 1):I165–I170PubMedCrossRef de Divitiis M, Pilla C, Kattenhorn M, Zadinello M, Donald A, Leeson P, Wallace S, Redington A, Deanfield JE (2001) Vascular dysfunction after repair of coarctation of the aorta: impact of early surgery. Circulation 104(12 Suppl 1):I165–I170PubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Parker FB Jr, Farrell B, Streeten DH, Blackman MS, Sondheimer HM, Anderson GH Jr (1980) Hypertensive mechanisms in coarctation of the aorta. Further studies of the renin-angiotensin system. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 80(4):568–573PubMed Parker FB Jr, Farrell B, Streeten DH, Blackman MS, Sondheimer HM, Anderson GH Jr (1980) Hypertensive mechanisms in coarctation of the aorta. Further studies of the renin-angiotensin system. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 80(4):568–573PubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Beekman RH, Katz BP, Moorehead-Steffens C, Rocchini AP (1983) Altered baroreceptor function in children with systolic hypertension after coarctation repair. Am J Cardiol 52(1):112–117PubMedCrossRef Beekman RH, Katz BP, Moorehead-Steffens C, Rocchini AP (1983) Altered baroreceptor function in children with systolic hypertension after coarctation repair. Am J Cardiol 52(1):112–117PubMedCrossRef
34.
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Elliott MJ (1987) Coarctation of the aorta with arch hypoplasia: improvements on a new technique. Ann Thorac Surg 44(3):321–323PubMedCrossRef Elliott MJ (1987) Coarctation of the aorta with arch hypoplasia: improvements on a new technique. Ann Thorac Surg 44(3):321–323PubMedCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Rajasinghe HA, Reddy VM, van Son JA, Black MD, McElhinney DB, Brook MM, Hanley FL (1996) Coarctation repair using end-to-side anastomosis of descending aorta to proximal aortic arch. Ann Thorac Surg 61(3):840–844. doi:10.1016/0003-4975(95)01153-6 PubMedCrossRef Rajasinghe HA, Reddy VM, van Son JA, Black MD, McElhinney DB, Brook MM, Hanley FL (1996) Coarctation repair using end-to-side anastomosis of descending aorta to proximal aortic arch. Ann Thorac Surg 61(3):840–844. doi:10.​1016/​0003-4975(95)01153-6 PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Brouwer RM, Erasmus ME, Ebels T, Eijgelaar A (1994) Influence of age on survival, late hypertension, and recoarctation in elective aortic coarctation repair. Including long-term results after elective aortic coarctation repair with a follow-up from 25 to 44 years. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 108(3):525–531PubMed Brouwer RM, Erasmus ME, Ebels T, Eijgelaar A (1994) Influence of age on survival, late hypertension, and recoarctation in elective aortic coarctation repair. Including long-term results after elective aortic coarctation repair with a follow-up from 25 to 44 years. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 108(3):525–531PubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Toro-Salazar OH, Steinberger J, Thomas W, Rocchini AP, Carpenter B, Moller JH (2002) Long-term follow-up of patients after coarctation of the aorta repair. Am J Cardiol 89(5):541–547PubMedCrossRef Toro-Salazar OH, Steinberger J, Thomas W, Rocchini AP, Carpenter B, Moller JH (2002) Long-term follow-up of patients after coarctation of the aorta repair. Am J Cardiol 89(5):541–547PubMedCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Brili S, Dernellis J, Aggeli C, Pitsavos C, Hatzos C, Stefanadis C, Toutouzas P (1998) Aortic elastic properties in patients with repaired coarctation of aorta. Am J Cardiol 82(9):1140–1143, a1110 Brili S, Dernellis J, Aggeli C, Pitsavos C, Hatzos C, Stefanadis C, Toutouzas P (1998) Aortic elastic properties in patients with repaired coarctation of aorta. Am J Cardiol 82(9):1140–1143, a1110
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Vogt M, Kuhn A, Baumgartner D, Baumgartner C, Busch R, Kostolny M, Hess J (2005) Impaired elastic properties of the ascending aorta in newborns before and early after successful coarctation repair: proof of a systemic vascular disease of the prestenotic arteries? Circulation 111(24):3269–3273. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.104.529792 PubMedCrossRef Vogt M, Kuhn A, Baumgartner D, Baumgartner C, Busch R, Kostolny M, Hess J (2005) Impaired elastic properties of the ascending aorta in newborns before and early after successful coarctation repair: proof of a systemic vascular disease of the prestenotic arteries? Circulation 111(24):3269–3273. doi:10.​1161/​circulationaha.​104.​529792 PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Ou P, Celermajer DS, Jolivet O, Buyens F, Herment A, Sidi D, Bonnet D, Mousseaux E (2008) Increased central aortic stiffness and left ventricular mass in normotensive young subjects after successful coarctation repair. Am Heart J 155(1):187–193. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2007.09.008 PubMedCrossRef Ou P, Celermajer DS, Jolivet O, Buyens F, Herment A, Sidi D, Bonnet D, Mousseaux E (2008) Increased central aortic stiffness and left ventricular mass in normotensive young subjects after successful coarctation repair. Am Heart J 155(1):187–193. doi:10.​1016/​j.​ahj.​2007.​09.​008 PubMedCrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Cuypers J, Leirgul E, Larsen TH, Berg A, Omdal TR, Greve G (2013) Assessment of vascular reactivity in the peripheral and coronary arteries by Cine 3T-magnetic resonance imaging in young normotensive adults after surgery for coarctation of the aorta. Pediatr Cardiol 34(3):661–669. doi:10.1007/s00246-012-0522-2 PubMedCrossRef Cuypers J, Leirgul E, Larsen TH, Berg A, Omdal TR, Greve G (2013) Assessment of vascular reactivity in the peripheral and coronary arteries by Cine 3T-magnetic resonance imaging in young normotensive adults after surgery for coarctation of the aorta. Pediatr Cardiol 34(3):661–669. doi:10.​1007/​s00246-012-0522-2 PubMedCrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat de Divitiis M, Pilla C, Kattenhorn M, Donald A, Zadinello M, Wallace S, Redington A, Deanfield J (2003) Ambulatory blood pressure, left ventricular mass, and conduit artery function late after successful repair of coarctation of the aorta. J Am Coll Cardiol 41(12):2259–2265PubMedCrossRef de Divitiis M, Pilla C, Kattenhorn M, Donald A, Zadinello M, Wallace S, Redington A, Deanfield J (2003) Ambulatory blood pressure, left ventricular mass, and conduit artery function late after successful repair of coarctation of the aorta. J Am Coll Cardiol 41(12):2259–2265PubMedCrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Gardiner HM, Celermajer DS, Sorensen KE, Georgakopoulos D, Robinson J, Thomas O, Deanfield JE (1994) Arterial reactivity is significantly impaired in normotensive young adults after successful repair of aortic coarctation in childhood. Circulation 89(4):1745–1750PubMedCrossRef Gardiner HM, Celermajer DS, Sorensen KE, Georgakopoulos D, Robinson J, Thomas O, Deanfield JE (1994) Arterial reactivity is significantly impaired in normotensive young adults after successful repair of aortic coarctation in childhood. Circulation 89(4):1745–1750PubMedCrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat di Salvo G, Pacileo G, Limongelli G, Verrengia M, Rea A, Santoro G, Gala S, Castaldi B, D’Andrea A, Caso P, Giovanna Russo M, Calabro R (2007) Abnormal regional myocardial deformation properties and increased aortic stiffness in normotensive patients with aortic coarctation despite successful correction: an ABPM, standard echocardiography and strain rate imaging study. Clin Sci 113(5):259–266. doi:10.1042/cs20070085 PubMedCrossRef di Salvo G, Pacileo G, Limongelli G, Verrengia M, Rea A, Santoro G, Gala S, Castaldi B, D’Andrea A, Caso P, Giovanna Russo M, Calabro R (2007) Abnormal regional myocardial deformation properties and increased aortic stiffness in normotensive patients with aortic coarctation despite successful correction: an ABPM, standard echocardiography and strain rate imaging study. Clin Sci 113(5):259–266. doi:10.​1042/​cs20070085 PubMedCrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Sarkola T, Redington AN, Slorach C, Hui W, Bradley T, Jaeggi E (2011) Assessment of vascular phenotype using a novel very-high-resolution ultrasound technique in adolescents after aortic coarctation repair and/or stent implantation: relationship to central haemodynamics and left ventricular mass. Heart 97(21):1788–1793. doi:10.1136/hrt.2011.226241 PubMedCrossRef Sarkola T, Redington AN, Slorach C, Hui W, Bradley T, Jaeggi E (2011) Assessment of vascular phenotype using a novel very-high-resolution ultrasound technique in adolescents after aortic coarctation repair and/or stent implantation: relationship to central haemodynamics and left ventricular mass. Heart 97(21):1788–1793. doi:10.​1136/​hrt.​2011.​226241 PubMedCrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Vitarelli A, Conde Y, Cimino E, D’Orazio S, Stellato S, Battaglia D, Padella V, Caranci F, Continanza G, Dettori O, Capotosto L (2008) Assessment of ascending aorta distensibility after successful coarctation repair by strain Doppler echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 21(6):729–736. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2007.10.007 PubMedCrossRef Vitarelli A, Conde Y, Cimino E, D’Orazio S, Stellato S, Battaglia D, Padella V, Caranci F, Continanza G, Dettori O, Capotosto L (2008) Assessment of ascending aorta distensibility after successful coarctation repair by strain Doppler echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 21(6):729–736. doi:10.​1016/​j.​echo.​2007.​10.​007 PubMedCrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Ong CM, Canter CE, Gutierrez FR, Sekarski DR, Goldring DR (1992) Increased stiffness and persistent narrowing of the aorta after successful repair of coarctation of the aorta: relationship to left ventricular mass and blood pressure at rest and with exercise. Am Heart J 123(6):1594–1600PubMedCrossRef Ong CM, Canter CE, Gutierrez FR, Sekarski DR, Goldring DR (1992) Increased stiffness and persistent narrowing of the aorta after successful repair of coarctation of the aorta: relationship to left ventricular mass and blood pressure at rest and with exercise. Am Heart J 123(6):1594–1600PubMedCrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Vriend JW, de Groot E, de Waal TT, Zijta FM, Kastelein JJ, Mulder BJ (2006) Increased carotid and femoral intima-media thickness in patients after repair of aortic coarctation: influence of early repair. Am Heart J 151(1):242–247. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2005.02.013 PubMedCrossRef Vriend JW, de Groot E, de Waal TT, Zijta FM, Kastelein JJ, Mulder BJ (2006) Increased carotid and femoral intima-media thickness in patients after repair of aortic coarctation: influence of early repair. Am Heart J 151(1):242–247. doi:10.​1016/​j.​ahj.​2005.​02.​013 PubMedCrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Meyer AA, Joharchi MS, Kundt G, Schuff-Werner P, Steinhoff G, Kienast W (2005) Predicting the risk of early atherosclerotic disease development in children after repair of aortic coarctation. Eur Heart J 26(6):617–622. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi037 PubMedCrossRef Meyer AA, Joharchi MS, Kundt G, Schuff-Werner P, Steinhoff G, Kienast W (2005) Predicting the risk of early atherosclerotic disease development in children after repair of aortic coarctation. Eur Heart J 26(6):617–622. doi:10.​1093/​eurheartj/​ehi037 PubMedCrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Guenthard J, Wyler F (1995) Exercise-induced hypertension in the arms due to impaired arterial reactivity after successful coarctation resection. Am J Cardiol 75(12):814–817PubMedCrossRef Guenthard J, Wyler F (1995) Exercise-induced hypertension in the arms due to impaired arterial reactivity after successful coarctation resection. Am J Cardiol 75(12):814–817PubMedCrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Niwa K, Perloff JK, Bhuta SM, Laks H, Drinkwater DC, Child JS, Miner PD (2001) Structural abnormalities of great arterial walls in congenital heart disease: light and electron microscopic analyses. Circulation 103(3):393–400PubMedCrossRef Niwa K, Perloff JK, Bhuta SM, Laks H, Drinkwater DC, Child JS, Miner PD (2001) Structural abnormalities of great arterial walls in congenital heart disease: light and electron microscopic analyses. Circulation 103(3):393–400PubMedCrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Sehested J, Baandrup U, Mikkelsen E (1982) Different reactivity and structure of the prestenotic and poststenotic aorta in human coarctation. Implications for baroreceptor function. Circulation 65(6):1060–1065PubMedCrossRef Sehested J, Baandrup U, Mikkelsen E (1982) Different reactivity and structure of the prestenotic and poststenotic aorta in human coarctation. Implications for baroreceptor function. Circulation 65(6):1060–1065PubMedCrossRef
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Chamiot Clerc P, Renaud JF, Blacher J, Legrand M, Samuel JL, Levy BI, Sassard J, Safar ME (1999) Collagen I and III and mechanical properties of conduit arteries in rats with genetic hypertension. J Vasc Res 36(2):139–146PubMedCrossRef Chamiot Clerc P, Renaud JF, Blacher J, Legrand M, Samuel JL, Levy BI, Sassard J, Safar ME (1999) Collagen I and III and mechanical properties of conduit arteries in rats with genetic hypertension. J Vasc Res 36(2):139–146PubMedCrossRef
61.
Zurück zum Zitat McNulty M, Mahmud A, Spiers P, Feely J (2006) Collagen type-I degradation is related to arterial stiffness in hypertensive and normotensive subjects. J Hum Hypertens 20(11):867–873PubMedCrossRef McNulty M, Mahmud A, Spiers P, Feely J (2006) Collagen type-I degradation is related to arterial stiffness in hypertensive and normotensive subjects. J Hum Hypertens 20(11):867–873PubMedCrossRef
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Kuhn A, Baumgartner D, Baumgartner C, Horer J, Schreiber C, Hess J, Vogt M (2009) Impaired elastic properties of the ascending aorta persist within the first 3 years after neonatal coarctation repair. Pediatr Cardiol 30(1):46–51. doi:10.1007/s00246-008-9280-6 PubMedCrossRef Kuhn A, Baumgartner D, Baumgartner C, Horer J, Schreiber C, Hess J, Vogt M (2009) Impaired elastic properties of the ascending aorta persist within the first 3 years after neonatal coarctation repair. Pediatr Cardiol 30(1):46–51. doi:10.​1007/​s00246-008-9280-6 PubMedCrossRef
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Warnes CA, Williams RG, Bashore TM, Child JS, Connolly HM, Dearani JA, Del Nido P, Fasules JW, Graham TP Jr, Hijazi ZM, Hunt SA, King ME, Landzberg MJ, Miner PD, Radford MJ, Walsh EP, Webb GD (2008) ACC/AHA 2008 guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (writing committee to develop guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease). Circulation 118(23):2395–2451. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.190811 PubMedCrossRef Warnes CA, Williams RG, Bashore TM, Child JS, Connolly HM, Dearani JA, Del Nido P, Fasules JW, Graham TP Jr, Hijazi ZM, Hunt SA, King ME, Landzberg MJ, Miner PD, Radford MJ, Walsh EP, Webb GD (2008) ACC/AHA 2008 guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (writing committee to develop guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease). Circulation 118(23):2395–2451. doi:10.​1161/​circulationaha.​108.​190811 PubMedCrossRef
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Baumgartner H, Bonhoeffer P, De Groot NM, de Haan F, Deanfield JE, Galie N, Gatzoulis MA, Gohlke-Baerwolf C, Kaemmerer H, Kilner P, Meijboom F, Mulder BJ, Oechslin E, Oliver JM, Serraf A, Szatmari A, Thaulow E, Vouhe PR, Walma E (2010) ESC Guidelines for the management of grown-up congenital heart disease (new version 2010). Eur Heart J 31(23):2915–2957. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehq249 PubMedCrossRef Baumgartner H, Bonhoeffer P, De Groot NM, de Haan F, Deanfield JE, Galie N, Gatzoulis MA, Gohlke-Baerwolf C, Kaemmerer H, Kilner P, Meijboom F, Mulder BJ, Oechslin E, Oliver JM, Serraf A, Szatmari A, Thaulow E, Vouhe PR, Walma E (2010) ESC Guidelines for the management of grown-up congenital heart disease (new version 2010). Eur Heart J 31(23):2915–2957. doi:10.​1093/​eurheartj/​ehq249 PubMedCrossRef
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Lurbe E, Agabiti-Rosei E, Cruickshank JK, Dominiczak A, Erdine S, Hirth A, Invitti C, Litwin M, Mancia G, Pall D, Rascher W, Redon J, Schaefer F, Seeman T, Sinha M, Stabouli S, Webb NJ, Wuhl E, Zanchetti A (2016) 2016 European Society of Hypertension guidelines for the management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. J Hypertens 34(10):1887–1920. doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000001039 PubMedCrossRef Lurbe E, Agabiti-Rosei E, Cruickshank JK, Dominiczak A, Erdine S, Hirth A, Invitti C, Litwin M, Mancia G, Pall D, Rascher W, Redon J, Schaefer F, Seeman T, Sinha M, Stabouli S, Webb NJ, Wuhl E, Zanchetti A (2016) 2016 European Society of Hypertension guidelines for the management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. J Hypertens 34(10):1887–1920. doi:10.​1097/​HJH.​0000000000001039​ PubMedCrossRef
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Simpson JM, Savis A, Rawlins D, Qureshi S, Sinha MD (2010) Incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy in children with kidney disease: impact of method of indexation of left ventricular mass. Eur J Echocardiogr 11(3):271–277. doi:10.1093/ejechocard/jep211 PubMedCrossRef Simpson JM, Savis A, Rawlins D, Qureshi S, Sinha MD (2010) Incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy in children with kidney disease: impact of method of indexation of left ventricular mass. Eur J Echocardiogr 11(3):271–277. doi:10.​1093/​ejechocard/​jep211 PubMedCrossRef
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Falkner B, Daniels SR, Flynn JT, Gidding S, Green LA et al (2004) The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 114:555–576CrossRef Falkner B, Daniels SR, Flynn JT, Gidding S, Green LA et al (2004) The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 114:555–576CrossRef
68.
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Urbina E, Alpert B, Flynn J, Hayman L, Harshfield GA, Jacobson M, Mahoney L, McCrindle B, Mietus-Snyder M, Steinberger J, Daniels S (2008) Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children and adolescents: recommendations for standard assessment: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in Youth Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young and the Council for High Blood Pressure Research. Hypertension 52(3):433–451. doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.108.190329 PubMedCrossRef Urbina E, Alpert B, Flynn J, Hayman L, Harshfield GA, Jacobson M, Mahoney L, McCrindle B, Mietus-Snyder M, Steinberger J, Daniels S (2008) Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children and adolescents: recommendations for standard assessment: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in Youth Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young and the Council for High Blood Pressure Research. Hypertension 52(3):433–451. doi:10.​1161/​hypertensionaha.​108.​190329 PubMedCrossRef
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Becker MM, Barbosa e Silva O, Moreira IE, Victor EG (2007) Arterial blood pressure in adolescents during exercise stress testing. Arq Bras Cardiol 88:329–333CrossRef Becker MM, Barbosa e Silva O, Moreira IE, Victor EG (2007) Arterial blood pressure in adolescents during exercise stress testing. Arq Bras Cardiol 88:329–333CrossRef
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Markham LW, Knecht SK, Daniels SR, Mays WA, Khoury PR, Knilans TK (2004) Development of exercise-induced arm-leg blood pressure gradient and abnormal arterial compliance in patients with repaired coarctation of the aorta. Am J Cardiol 94(9):1200–1202. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.07.097 PubMedCrossRef Markham LW, Knecht SK, Daniels SR, Mays WA, Khoury PR, Knilans TK (2004) Development of exercise-induced arm-leg blood pressure gradient and abnormal arterial compliance in patients with repaired coarctation of the aorta. Am J Cardiol 94(9):1200–1202. doi:10.​1016/​j.​amjcard.​2004.​07.​097 PubMedCrossRef
74.
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Vriend JW, van Montfrans GA, Romkes HH, Vliegen HW, Veen G, Tijssen JG, Mulder BJ (2004) Relation between exercise-induced hypertension and sustained hypertension in adult patients after successful repair of aortic coarctation. J Hypertens 22(3):501–509PubMedCrossRef Vriend JW, van Montfrans GA, Romkes HH, Vliegen HW, Veen G, Tijssen JG, Mulder BJ (2004) Relation between exercise-induced hypertension and sustained hypertension in adult patients after successful repair of aortic coarctation. J Hypertens 22(3):501–509PubMedCrossRef
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Luijendijk P, Bouma BJ, Vriend JW, Vliegen HW, Groenink M, Mulder BJ (2011) Usefulness of exercise-induced hypertension as predictor of chronic hypertension in adults after operative therapy for aortic isthmic coarctation in childhood. Am J Cardiol 108(3):435–439. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.03.063 PubMedCrossRef Luijendijk P, Bouma BJ, Vriend JW, Vliegen HW, Groenink M, Mulder BJ (2011) Usefulness of exercise-induced hypertension as predictor of chronic hypertension in adults after operative therapy for aortic isthmic coarctation in childhood. Am J Cardiol 108(3):435–439. doi:10.​1016/​j.​amjcard.​2011.​03.​063 PubMedCrossRef
78.
Zurück zum Zitat van der Cammen-van Zijp MH, Ijsselstijn H, Takken T, Willemsen SP, Tibboel D, Stam HJ, van den Berg-Emons RJ (2010) Exercise testing of pre-school children using the Bruce treadmill protocol: new reference values. Eur J Appl Physiol 108(2):393–399. doi:10.1007/s00421-009-1236-x PubMedCrossRef van der Cammen-van Zijp MH, Ijsselstijn H, Takken T, Willemsen SP, Tibboel D, Stam HJ, van den Berg-Emons RJ (2010) Exercise testing of pre-school children using the Bruce treadmill protocol: new reference values. Eur J Appl Physiol 108(2):393–399. doi:10.​1007/​s00421-009-1236-x PubMedCrossRef
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Chirinos JA, Kips JG, Jacobs DR Jr, Brumback L, Duprez DA, Kronmal R, Bluemke DA, Townsend RR, Vermeersch S, Segers P (2012) Arterial wave reflections and incident cardiovascular events and heart failure: MESA (Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). J Am Coll Cardiol 60(21):2170–2177. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.07.054 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Chirinos JA, Kips JG, Jacobs DR Jr, Brumback L, Duprez DA, Kronmal R, Bluemke DA, Townsend RR, Vermeersch S, Segers P (2012) Arterial wave reflections and incident cardiovascular events and heart failure: MESA (Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). J Am Coll Cardiol 60(21):2170–2177. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jacc.​2012.​07.​054 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Milne L, Keehn L, Guilcher A, Reidy JF, Karunanithy N, Rosenthal E, Qureshi S, Chowienczyk PJ, Sinha MD (2015) Central aortic blood pressure from ultrasound wall-tracking of the carotid artery in children: comparison with invasive measurements and radial tonometry. Hypertension 65(5):1141–1146. doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05196 PubMedCrossRef Milne L, Keehn L, Guilcher A, Reidy JF, Karunanithy N, Rosenthal E, Qureshi S, Chowienczyk PJ, Sinha MD (2015) Central aortic blood pressure from ultrasound wall-tracking of the carotid artery in children: comparison with invasive measurements and radial tonometry. Hypertension 65(5):1141–1146. doi:10.​1161/​hypertensionaha.​115.​05196 PubMedCrossRef
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Brili S, Tousoulis D, Antoniades C, Vasiliadou C, Karali M, Papageorgiou N, Ioakeimidis N, Marinou K, Stefanadi E, Stefanadis C (2008) Effects of ramipril on endothelial function and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules in young normotensive subjects with successfully repaired coarctation of aorta: a randomized cross-over study. J Am Coll Cardiol 51(7):742–749. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.10.036 PubMedCrossRef Brili S, Tousoulis D, Antoniades C, Vasiliadou C, Karali M, Papageorgiou N, Ioakeimidis N, Marinou K, Stefanadi E, Stefanadis C (2008) Effects of ramipril on endothelial function and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules in young normotensive subjects with successfully repaired coarctation of aorta: a randomized cross-over study. J Am Coll Cardiol 51(7):742–749. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jacc.​2007.​10.​036 PubMedCrossRef
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Di Salvo G, Castaldi B, Gala S, Baldini L, Del Gaizo F, D’Aiello FA, Mormile A, Rea A, Scognamiglio G, Pacileo G, Keating S, Fadel BM, Berrino L, Perna A, Russo MG, Calabro R (2016) Atenolol vs enalapril in young hypertensive patients after successful repair of aortic coarctation. J Hum Hypertens 30(6):363–367. doi:10.1038/jhh.2015.87 PubMedCrossRef Di Salvo G, Castaldi B, Gala S, Baldini L, Del Gaizo F, D’Aiello FA, Mormile A, Rea A, Scognamiglio G, Pacileo G, Keating S, Fadel BM, Berrino L, Perna A, Russo MG, Calabro R (2016) Atenolol vs enalapril in young hypertensive patients after successful repair of aortic coarctation. J Hum Hypertens 30(6):363–367. doi:10.​1038/​jhh.​2015.​87 PubMedCrossRef
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Brili S, Tousoulis D, Antonopoulos AS, Antoniades C, Hatzis G, Bakogiannis C, Papageorgiou N, Stefanadis C (2012) Effects of atorvastatin on endothelial function and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules in young subjects with successfully repaired coarctation of aorta. Heart 98(4):325–329. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300287 PubMedCrossRef Brili S, Tousoulis D, Antonopoulos AS, Antoniades C, Hatzis G, Bakogiannis C, Papageorgiou N, Stefanadis C (2012) Effects of atorvastatin on endothelial function and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules in young subjects with successfully repaired coarctation of aorta. Heart 98(4):325–329. doi:10.​1136/​heartjnl-2011-300287 PubMedCrossRef
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Luijendijk P, Bouma BJ, Vriend JW, Groenink M, Vliegen HW, de Groot E, Pieper PG, van Dijk AP, Sieswerda GT, Konings TC, Stroes ES, Zwinderman AH, Mulder BJ (2014) Beneficial effect of high dose statins on the vascular wall in patients with repaired aortic coarctation? Int J Cardiol 176(1):40–47. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.06.016 PubMedCrossRef Luijendijk P, Bouma BJ, Vriend JW, Groenink M, Vliegen HW, de Groot E, Pieper PG, van Dijk AP, Sieswerda GT, Konings TC, Stroes ES, Zwinderman AH, Mulder BJ (2014) Beneficial effect of high dose statins on the vascular wall in patients with repaired aortic coarctation? Int J Cardiol 176(1):40–47. doi:10.​1016/​j.​ijcard.​2014.​06.​016 PubMedCrossRef
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Moltzer E, Mattace Raso FU, Karamermer Y, Boersma E, Webb GD, Simoons ML, Danser AH, van den Meiracker AH, Roos-Hesselink JW (2010) Comparison of Candesartan versus Metoprolol for treatment of systemic hypertension after repaired aortic coarctation. Am J Cardiol 105(2):217–222. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.08.674 PubMedCrossRef Moltzer E, Mattace Raso FU, Karamermer Y, Boersma E, Webb GD, Simoons ML, Danser AH, van den Meiracker AH, Roos-Hesselink JW (2010) Comparison of Candesartan versus Metoprolol for treatment of systemic hypertension after repaired aortic coarctation. Am J Cardiol 105(2):217–222. doi:10.​1016/​j.​amjcard.​2009.​08.​674 PubMedCrossRef
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Barber DC, Valverde I, Shi Y, Brown A, Beerbaum P, Rodney Hose D (2014) Derivation of aortic distensibility and pulse wave velocity by image registration with a physics-based regularisation term. Int J Numer Methods Biomed Eng 30(1):55–68. doi:10.1002/cnm.2589 CrossRef Barber DC, Valverde I, Shi Y, Brown A, Beerbaum P, Rodney Hose D (2014) Derivation of aortic distensibility and pulse wave velocity by image registration with a physics-based regularisation term. Int J Numer Methods Biomed Eng 30(1):55–68. doi:10.​1002/​cnm.​2589 CrossRef
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Sotelo J, Urbina J, Valverde I, Tejos C, Irarrazaval P, Hurtado DE, Uribe S (2015) Quantification of wall shear stress using a finite-element method in multidimensional phase-contrast MR data of the thoracic aorta. J Biomech 48(10):1817–1827. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.04.038 PubMedCrossRef Sotelo J, Urbina J, Valverde I, Tejos C, Irarrazaval P, Hurtado DE, Uribe S (2015) Quantification of wall shear stress using a finite-element method in multidimensional phase-contrast MR data of the thoracic aorta. J Biomech 48(10):1817–1827. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jbiomech.​2015.​04.​038 PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Hypertension in Coarctation of the Aorta: Challenges in Diagnosis in Children
verfasst von
Trisha V. Vigneswaran
Manish D. Sinha
Israel Valverde
John M. Simpson
Marietta Charakida
Publikationsdatum
17.10.2017
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Pediatric Cardiology / Ausgabe 1/2018
Print ISSN: 0172-0643
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-1971
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-017-1739-x

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2018

Pediatric Cardiology 1/2018 Zur Ausgabe

Update Kardiologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.