Introduction
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by sustained synovitis. Recently, several studies have proposed neutrophils and Th17 cells as key players in the onset and perpetuation of this disease.
Aim
To determine whether cytokines driving neutrophil and Th17 activation are dysregulated in very early rheumatoid arthritis patients with less than 6 weeks of disease duration and before treatment (VERA).
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Patients and methods
Cytokines related to neutrophil and Th17 activation were quantified in the serum of VERA and established RA patients and compared with other very early arthritis (VEA) and healthy controls. Synovial fluid (SF) from RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients was also analyzed.
Results
VERA patients had increased serum levels of cytokines promoting Th17 polarization (IL-1β and IL-6), as well as Th17-derived cytokines (IL-17A and IL-22), known to induce neutrophil-mediated inflammation, such as IL-8. In established RA this pattern is more evident within the SF. Early treatment with MTX or corticosteroids led to clinical improvement but with no impact on the cytokine pattern.
Conclusions
VERA patients already display increased levels of cytokines related with Th17 polarization and neutrophil recruitment and activation, a dysregulation also found in SF of established RA. Thus, our data suggest that a cytokine-milieu favoring Th17 and neutrophil activity is an early event in RA pathogenesis.
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