Background
Methods
Data
Statistical methods
Performance indicator
Identifying unusual ICUs
Stage 1: Risk-adjusted model
Stage 2: A null model
Stage 3: Unusual ICUs
Results
Data
Age (years) | 60.6 (18.1) | |
APACHE III score | 51.5 (28.6) | |
ICU mortality (%) | 8.1 | |
Hospital mortality (%) | 12.7 | |
n (%) | mortality % | |
Ventilation
| ||
Not ventilated | 314,987 (60.2) | 7.4 |
Ventilated | 208,475 (39.8) | 20.6 |
Gender
| ||
Male | 298,503 (57.0) | 12.2 |
Female | 224,959 (43.0) | 13.0 |
ICU source
| ||
No transfer | 478,130 (91.3) | 12.1 |
Hospital transfer | 45,332 (8.7) | 18.7 |
ICU hospital level
| ||
Rural | 71,828 (13.7) | 11.5 |
Metropolitan | 98,590 (18.8) | 14.7 |
Tertiary | 232,273 (44.4) | 15.9 |
Private | 120,771 (23.1) | 5.6 |
ICU location
| ||
Northern Territory | 8,965 (1.7) | 12.5 |
New South Wales | 153,362 (29.3) | 13.2 |
Australian Capital Territory | 15,815 (3.0) | 10.1 |
South Australia | 37,052 (7.1) | 19.3 |
Victoria | 137,876 (26.3) | 12.8 |
Western Australia | 5,493 (1.1) | 11.7 |
New Zealand | 27,835 (5.3) | 15.6 |
Queensland | 126,453 (24.2) | 9.5 |
Tasmania | 10,611 (2.0) | 14.7 |
Hosp. admit year |
n (%) | Hosp. mort. (%) | ICU mort. (%) | APIII mean (sd) | Age mean (sd) | Vent. (%) | Transfer (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2000 | 20,888 (4.0) | 17.3 | 11.1 | 53.7 (30.9) | 58.9 (19.3) | 48.1 | 8.9 |
2001 | 26,353 (5.0) | 15.8 | 10.1 | 52.6 (30.3) | 59.6 (19.2) | 44.0 | 9.6 |
2002 | 32,380 (6.2) | 15.3 | 9.9 | 51.7 (29.7) | 60.0 (18.9) | 42.6 | 9.4 |
2003 | 37,082 (7.1) | 14.4 | 9.2 | 51.5 (29.0) | 60.4 (18.8) | 41.0 | 9.1 |
2004 | 43,132 (8.2) | 13.6 | 8.5 | 51.5 (28.4) | 60.7 (18.6) | 40.3 | 8.8 |
2005 | 49,093 (9.4) | 12.9 | 8.2 | 50.9 (28.4) | 60.6 (18.6) | 40.1 | 8.8 |
2006 | 54,323 (10.4) | 12.1 | 7.8 | 51.0 (28.2) | 61.1 (18.8) | 38.5 | 8.4 |
2007 | 57,187 (10.9) | 12.0 | 7.8 | 51.0 (28.4) | 61.0 (18.7) | 37.6 | 8.5 |
2008 | 61,667 (11.8) | 11.7 | 7.5 | 51.8 (28.7) | 60.8 (18.8) | 39.3 | 8.4 |
2009 | 67,015 (12.8) | 11.3 | 7.3 | 51.8 (28.4) | 60.8 (18.8) | 39.3 | 8.4 |
2010 | 74,342 (14.2) | 10.5 | 6.8 | 50.8 (27.6) | 61.1 (18.8) | 37.5 | 8.3 |
Hosp. admit year | NT | NSW | ACT | SA | VIC | WA | NZ | QLD | TAS | Total ICUs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2000 | 543 (2) | 7,454 (16) | 754 (1) | 1,784 (3) | 5,622 (11) | 0 | 0 | 4,367 (10) | 364 (1) | 44 |
2001 | 386 (1) | 8,572 (18) | 1,019 (2) | 1,814 (3) | 7,186 (16) | 0 | 799 (2) | 5,726 (12) | 851 (2) | 56 |
2002 | 586 (2) | 9,390 (20) | 1,412 (3) | 2,040 (4) | 9,075 (19) | 0 | 1,018 (2) | 7,874 (17) | 985 (3) | 70 |
2003 | 884 (2) | 10,149 (21) | 1,479 (3) | 1,623 (3) | 11,195 (19) | 0 | 1,565 (4) | 9,123 (20) | 1,064(3) | 75 |
2004 | 1,119 (2) | 11,331 (24) | 1,460 (3) | 2,328 (5) | 12,912 (23) | 162 (1) | 1,987 (5) | 11,081 (22) | 752 (2) | 87 |
2005 | 997 (2) | 12,555 (26) | 1,650 (3) | 2,937 (6) | 13,638 (24) | 530 (2) | 3,214 (6) | 12,452 (25) | 1,120 (3) | 97 |
2006 | 954 (2) | 14,917 (29) | 1,723 (3) | 4,369 (6) | 14,746 (25) | 511 (2) | 3,050 (7) | 12,903 (25) | 1,150 (3) | 102 |
2007 | 945 (2) | 16,908 (33) | 1,861 (3) | 4,957 (6) | 14,665 (24) | 295 (1) | 3,554 (8) | 13,057 (25) | 945 (2) | 104 |
2008 | 819 (2) | 17,728 (33) | 1,272 (2) | 4,989 (7) | 15,554 (27) | 1,101(1) | 3,687 (8) | 15,420 (29) | 1,097 (2) | 111 |
2009 | 808 (2) | 20,551 (36) | 1,536 (2) | 5,253 (6) | 15,607 (27) | 1,423 (2) | 3,702 (7) | 16,895 (31) | 1,240 (3) | 116 |
2010 | 924 (2) | 23,807 (38) | 1,649 (2) | 4,958 (6) | 17,676 (29) | 1,471 (2) | 5,259 (10) | 17,555 (31) | 1,043 (2) | 122 |
Total | 8,965 (2) | 153,362 (46) | 15,815 (3) | 37,052 (9) | 137,876 (34) | 5,493 (3) | 27,835 (11) | 126,453 (33) | 10,611(3) | 144 |
Identifying unusual ICUs
Stage 1: Risk-adjusted model
Stage 1 | Stage 2 | |
---|---|---|
ICU-level intercept | 0.077640 | 0.034902 |
(0.012262) | (0.006669) | |
APIII slope | 0.027744 | 0.027451 |
(0.004727) | (0.005093) | |
Cov(ICU-level intercept, APIII) | -0.023946 | -0.021549 |
(0.006197) | (0.004955) | |
ICU-year-level intercept | 0.019852 | 0.020039 |
(0.002474) | (0.002650) |
Random ID | Hospital Level | Locality | Years |
p-approx
|
---|---|---|---|---|
100 | Private | New South Wales | 2006-10 | 0.002 |
57 | Private | New South Wales | 2007-10 | 0.008 |
116 | Private | New South Wales | 2005-08 | 0.010 |
79 | Metropolitan | Queensland | 2004-10 | 0.015 |
131 | Metropolitan | New South Wales | 2000-02 | 0.017 |
18 | Private | Queensland | 2003-06, 08-10 | 0.023 |
72 | Rural | Victoria | 2008-10 | 0.025 |
120 | Private | Australian Capital Territory | 2001-07 | 0.027 |
108 | Private | New South Wales | 2000-10 | 0.030 |
49 | Metropolitan | Victoria | 2001, 04, 08-10 | 0.038 |
66 | Tertiary | South Australia | 2000-10 | 0.045 |
24 | Private | Queensland | 2001-10 | 0.058 |
112 | Rural | Victoria | 2002-10 | 0.065 |
19 | Private | New South Wales | 2002-10 | 0.080 |
54 | Tertiary | South Australia | 2000-10 | 0.915 |
2 | Tertiary | New South Wales | 2008-10 | 0.917 |
89 | Private | South Australia | 2005-06, 08-10 | 0.928 |
129 | Private | New South Wales | 2010 | 0.938 |
95 | Private | Victoria | 2001-06, 09 | 0.942 |
134 | Metropolitan | Victoria | 2003-08 | 0.942 |
81 | Private | Victoria | 2009-10 | 0.950 |
104 | Metropolitan | Queensland | 2000-10 | 0.953 |
44 | Private | Queensland | 2002-10 | 0.953 |
16 | Private | Queensland | 2001-10 | 0.972 |
93 | Private | Queensland | 2009-10 | 0.978 |
91 | Metropolitan | New South Wales | 2008-10 | 0.987 |
140 | Private | Victoria | 2000-02 | 0.997 |