nach oben

Breast Cancer

Erschienen in:

19.10.2021 | Review Article

Identifying women with increased risk of breast cancer and implementing risk-reducing strategies and supplemental imaging

verfasst von: Suneela Vegunta, Asha A. Bhatt, Sadia A. Choudhery, Sandhya Pruthi, Aparna S. Kaur

Erschienen in: Breast Cancer | Ausgabe 1/2022

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer in women, affecting 1 in 8 women in the United States (12.5%) in their lifetime. However, some women have a higher lifetime risk of BC because of genetic and lifestyle factors, mammographic breast density, and reproductive and hormonal factors. Because BC risk is variable, screening and prevention strategies should be individualized after considering patient-specific risk factors. Thus, health care professionals need to be able to assess risk profiles, identify high-risk women, and individualize screening and prevention strategies through a shared decision-making process. In this article, we review the risk factors for BC, risk-assessment models that identify high-risk patients, and preventive medications and lifestyle modifications that may decrease risk. We also discuss the benefits and limitations of various supplemental screening methods.

Guo F, Kuo YF, Shih YCT, Giordano SH, Berenson AB. Trends in breast cancer mortality by stage at diagnosis among young women in the United States. Cancer. 2018;124(17):3500–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.31638.CrossRefPubMed

Couch FJ, Hart SN, Sharma P, et al. Inherited mutations in 17 breast cancer susceptibility genes among a large triple-negative breast cancer cohort unselected for family history of breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(4):304–11. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2014.57.1414.CrossRefPubMed

Olopade OI, Grushko TA, Nanda R, Huo D. Advances in breast cancer: pathways to personalized medicine. Clin Cancer Res. 2008;14(24):7988–99. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-1211.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Newman L. US Preventive Services Task Force breast cancer recommendation statement on risk assessment, genetic counseling, and genetic testing for BRCA-related cancer. JAMA Surg. 2019;154(10):895–6. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2019.3184.CrossRefPubMed

Newman LA, Reis-Filho JS, Morrow M, Carey LA, King TA. The 2014 Society of Surgical Oncology Susan G. Komen for the Cure Symposium: triple-negative breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2015;22(3):874–82. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-014-4279-0.CrossRefPubMed

Frey MK, Kopparam RV, Ni Zhou Z, et al. Prevalence of nonfounder BRCA1/2 mutations in Ashkenazi Jewish patients presenting for genetic testing at a hereditary breast and ovarian cancer center. Cancer. 2019;125(5):690–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.31856.CrossRefPubMed

Kuchenbaecker KB, Hopper JL, Barnes DR, et al. Risks of breast, ovarian, and contralateral breast cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. JAMA. 2017;317(23):2402–16. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.7112.CrossRefPubMed

Couch FJ, Nathanson KL, Offit K. Two decades after BRCA: setting paradigms in personalized cancer care and prevention. Science. 2014;343(6178):1466–70. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1251827.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Chen LY, Hu J, Tsang JYS, et al. Diagnostic upgrade of atypical ductal hyperplasia of the breast based on evaluation of histopathological features and calcification on core needle biopsy. Histopathology. 2019;75(3):320–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/his.13881.CrossRefPubMed

10.

Kim JO, Schaid DJ, Vachon CM, et al. Impact of personalized genetic breast cancer risk estimation with polygenic risk scores on preventive endocrine therapy intention and uptake. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2021;14(2):175–84. https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-20-0154.CrossRef

11.

Nelson HD, Pappas M, Cantor A, Haney E, Holmes R. Risk assessment, genetic counseling, and genetic testing for BRCA-related cancer in women: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2019;322(7):666–85. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.8430.CrossRefPubMed

12.

Farkas A, Vanderberg R, Merriam S, DiNardo D. Breast cancer chemoprevention: a practical guide for the primary care provider. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2020;29(1):46–56. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2018.7643.CrossRef

13.

Bilimoria MM, Morrow M. The woman at increased risk for breast cancer: evaluation and management strategies. CA Cancer J Clin. 1995;45(5):263–78. https://doi.org/10.3322/canjclin.45.5.263.CrossRefPubMed

14.

Stachs A, Stubert J, Reimer T, Hartmann S. Benign breast disease in women. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2019;116(33–34):565–74. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2019.0565.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

15.

Racz JM, Carter JM, Degnim AC. Challenging atypical breast lesions including flat epithelial atypia, radial scar, and intraductal papilloma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2017;24(10):2842–7. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-017-5980-6.CrossRefPubMed

16.

Lewin AA, Mercado CL. Atypical ductal hyperplasia and lobular neoplasia: update and easing of guidelines. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2020;214(2):265–75. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.19.21991.CrossRefPubMed

17.

Hartmann LC, Degnim AC, Dupont WD. Atypical hyperplasia of the breast. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(13):1271–2. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc1501046.CrossRefPubMed

18.

Tomlinson-Hansen S, Khan M, Cassaro S. Atypical ductal hyperplasia. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021.

19.

Schiaffino S, Calabrese M, Melani EF, et al. Upgrade rate of percutaneously diagnosed pure atypical ductal hyperplasia: systematic review and meta-analysis of 6458 lesions. Radiology. 2020;294(1):76–86. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2019190748.CrossRefPubMed

20.

Moon HJ, Jung I, Kim MJ, Kim EK. Breast papilloma without atypia and risk of breast carcinoma. Breast J. 2014;20(5):525–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbj.12309.CrossRefPubMed

21.

Salman NA, Davies G, Majidy F, et al. Association of high risk human papillomavirus and breast cancer: a UK based study. Sci Rep. 2017;7:43591. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep43591.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

22.

Chang Sen LQ, Berg WA, Carter GJ. Upgrade rate and imaging features of atypical apocrine lesions. Breast J. 2017;23(5):569–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbj.12789.CrossRefPubMed

23.

King TA, Pilewskie M, Muhsen S, et al. Lobular carcinoma in situ: a 29-year longitudinal experience evaluating clinicopathologic features and breast cancer risk. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(33):3945–52. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2015.61.4743.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

24.

McEvoy MP, Coopey SB, Mazzola E, et al. Breast cancer risk and follow-up recommendations for young women diagnosed with atypical hyperplasia and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). Ann Surg Oncol. 2015;22(10):3346–9. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-015-4747-1.CrossRefPubMed

25.

Wong SM, Stout NK, Punglia RS, Prakash I, Sagara Y, Golshan M. Breast cancer prevention strategies in lobular carcinoma in situ: a decision analysis. Cancer. 2017;123(14):2609–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.30644.CrossRefPubMed

26.

Masannat YA, Husain E, Roylance R, et al. Pleomorphic LCIS what do we know? A UK multicenter audit of pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ. Breast. 2018;38:120–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2017.12.011.CrossRefPubMed

27.

Yager JD, Liehr JG. Molecular mechanisms of estrogen carcinogenesis. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1996;36:203–32. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pa.36.040196.001223.CrossRefPubMed

28.

Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. Menarche, menopause, and breast cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis, including 118,964 women with breast cancer from 117 epidemiological studies. Lancet Oncol. 2012;13(11):1141–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(12)70425-4.CrossRefPubMedCentral

29.

Russo J, Mailo D, Hu YF, Balogh G, Sheriff F, Russo IH. Breast differentiation and its implication in cancer prevention. Clin Cancer Res. 2005;11(2 Pt 2):931s-s936.PubMed

30.

Nindrea RD, Aryandono T, Lazuardi L. Breast cancer risk from modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors among women in Southeast Asia: a meta-analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2017;18(12):3201–6. https://doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3201.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

31.

Li X, Wang H, Xu HP, et al. Menopausal symptoms and quality of life of hormone receptor positive breast cancer patients at different endocrine therapy time. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2020;42(1):55–60. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3766.2020.01.008.CrossRefPubMed

32.

Kim Y, Choi JY, Lee KM, et al. Dose-dependent protective effect of breast-feeding against breast cancer among ever-lactated women in Korea. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2007;16(2):124–9. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.cej.0000228400.07364.52.CrossRefPubMed

33.

Nevler A, Shabtai E, Rosin D, Hoffman A, Gutman M, Shabtai M. Mammographic breast density as a predictor of radiological findings requiring further investigation. Isr Med Assoc J. 2016;18(1):32–5.PubMed

34.

Harvey JA, Yaffe MJ, D’Orsi C, Sickles EA. Density and breast cancer risk. Radiology. 2013;267(2):657–8. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.13122477.CrossRefPubMed

35.

Pisano E. Issues in breast cancer screening. Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2005;4(1):5–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/153303460500400102.CrossRefPubMed

36.

Hooley RJ, Greenberg KL, Stackhouse RM, Geisel JL, Butler RS, Philpotts LE. Screening US in patients with mammographically dense breasts: initial experience with Connecticut Public Act 09–41. Radiology. 2012;265(1):59–69. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.12120621.CrossRefPubMed

37.

Hayes J, Richardson A, Frampton C. Population attributable risks for modifiable lifestyle factors and breast cancer in New Zealand women. Intern Med J. 2013;43(11):1198–204. https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.12256.CrossRefPubMed

38.

Arthur R, Kirsh VA, Kreiger N, Rohan T. A healthy lifestyle index and its association with risk of breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer among Canadian women. Cancer Causes Control. 2018;29(6):485–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-018-1032-1.CrossRefPubMed

39.

Renehan AG, Pegington M, Harvie MN, et al. Young adulthood body mass index, adult weight gain and breast cancer risk: the PROCAS Study (United Kingdom). Br J Cancer. 2020;122(10):1552–61. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-020-0807-9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

40.

Rosner B, Eliassen AH, Toriola AT, et al. Weight and weight changes in early adulthood and later breast cancer risk. Int J Cancer. 2017;140(9):2003–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.30627.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

41.

Allen JD, Savadatti S, Levy AG. The transition from breast cancer “patient” to “survivor.” Psychooncology. 2009;18(1):71–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.1380.CrossRefPubMed

42.

Hamajima N, Hirose K, Tajima K, et al. Alcohol, tobacco and breast cancer–collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 53 epidemiological studies, including 58,515 women with breast cancer and 95,067 women without the disease. Br J Cancer. 2002;87(11):1234–45. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6600596.CrossRefPubMed

43.

Hodis HN, Sarrel PM. Menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer: what is the evidence from randomized trials? Climacteric. 2018;21(6):521–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2018.1514008.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

44.

Santen RJ, Heitjan DF, Gompel A, et al. Underlying breast cancer risk and menopausal hormone therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa073.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

45.

Narod SA. Hormone replacement therapy and the risk of breast cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2011;8(11):669–76. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrclinonc.2011.110.CrossRefPubMed

46.

American College of O, Gynecologists’ Committee on Gynecologic P, Farrell R. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 659: The use of vaginal estrogen in women with a history of estrogen-dependent breast cancer. Obstet Gynecol. 2016;127(3):e93-6. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000001351.CrossRef

47.

Valero MG, Zabor EC, Park A, et al. The Tyrer-Cuzick model inaccurately predicts invasive breast cancer risk in women with LCIS. Ann Surg Oncol. 2020;27(3):736–40. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-019-07814-w.CrossRefPubMed

48.

Ozanne EM, Howe R, Mallinson D, Esserman L, Van’t Veer LJ, Kaplan CP. Evaluation of National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline-based Tool for Risk Assessment for breast and ovarian Cancer (N-TRAC): a patient-reported survey for genetic high-risk assessment for breast and ovarian cancers in women. J Genet Couns. 2019;28(3):507–15. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgc4.1051.CrossRefPubMed

49.

Ozanne EM, Drohan B, Bosinoff P, et al. Which risk model to use? Clinical implications of the ACS MRI screening guidelines. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2013;22(1):146–9. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-0570.CrossRef

50.

Mazzola E, Blackford A, Parmigiani G, Biswas S. Recent enhancements to the genetic risk prediction model BRCAPRO. Cancer Inform. 2015;14(Suppl 2):147–57. https://doi.org/10.4137/CIN.S17292.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

51.

Amir E, Freedman OC, Seruga B, Evans DG. Assessing women at high risk of breast cancer: a review of risk assessment models. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2010;102(10):680–91. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djq088.CrossRefPubMed

52.

Wang X, Huang Y, Li L, Dai H, Song F, Chen K. Assessment of performance of the Gail model for predicting breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. Breast Cancer Res. 2018;20(1):18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-018-0947-5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

53.

Niehoff NM, White AJ, Sandler DP. Physical activity and breast cancer: focusing on high-risk subgroups and putting recommendations in context. Cancer Res. 2020;80(1):23–4. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-19-3350.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

54.

Tice JA, Bissell MCS, Miglioretti DL, et al. Validation of the breast cancer surveillance consortium model of breast cancer risk. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2019;175(2):519–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-019-05167-2.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

55.

Monticciolo DL, Newell MS, Moy L, Niell B, Monsees B, Sickles EA. Breast cancer screening in women at higher-than-average risk: recommendations from the ACR. J Am Coll Radiol. 2018;15(3 Pt A):408–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2017.11.034.CrossRefPubMed

56.

Meads C, Ahmed I, Riley RD. A systematic review of breast cancer incidence risk prediction models with meta-analysis of their performance. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012;132(2):365–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-011-1818-2.CrossRefPubMed

57.

Vecchio MM. Breast cancer screening in the high-risk population. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs. 2018;5(1):46–50. https://doi.org/10.4103/apjon.apjon_53_17.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

58.

Saslow D, Boetes C, Burke W, et al. American Cancer Society guidelines for breast screening with MRI as an adjunct to mammography. CA Cancer J Clin. 2007;57(2):75–89. https://doi.org/10.3322/canjclin.57.2.75.CrossRefPubMed

59.

Warner E, Plewes DB, Hill KA, et al. Surveillance of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers with magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, mammography, and clinical breast examination. JAMA. 2004;292(11):1317–25. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.11.1317.CrossRefPubMed

60.

Berg WA, Zhang Z, Lehrer D, et al. Detection of breast cancer with addition of annual screening ultrasound or a single screening MRI to mammography in women with elevated breast cancer risk. JAMA. 2012;307(13):1394–404. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2012.388.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

61.

Kriege M, Brekelmans CT, Boetes C, et al. Efficacy of MRI and mammography for breast-cancer screening in women with a familial or genetic predisposition. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(5):427–37. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa031759.CrossRefPubMed

62.

Tosteson ANA. An abbreviated MRI protocol for breast cancer screening in women with dense breasts: promising results, but further evaluation required prior to widespread implementation. JAMA. 2020;323(8):719–21. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.0357.CrossRefPubMed

63.

Saulsberry L, Pace LE, Keating NL. The impact of breast density notification laws on supplemental breast imaging and breast biopsy. J Gen Intern Med. 2019;34(8):1441–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-05026-2.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

64.

Geisel J, Raghu M, Hooley R. The role of ultrasound in breast cancer screening: the case for and against ultrasound. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2018;39(1):25–34. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sult.2017.09.006.CrossRefPubMed

65.

Zuley ML, Bandos AI, Abrams GS, et al. Contrast enhanced digital mammography (CEDM) helps to safely reduce benign breast biopsies for low to moderately suspicious soft tissue lesions. Acad Radiol. 2020;27(7):969–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2019.07.020.CrossRefPubMed

66.

Sumkin JH, Berg WA, Carter GJ, et al. Diagnostic performance of MRI, molecular breast imaging, and contrast-enhanced mammography in women with newly diagnosed breast cancer. Radiology. 2019;293(3):531–40. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2019190887.CrossRefPubMed

67.

Sorin V, Yagil Y, Yosepovich A, et al. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography in women with intermediate breast cancer risk and dense breasts. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2018;211(5):W267–74. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.17.19355.CrossRefPubMed

68.

Rhodes DJ, Hruska CB, Conners AL, et al. Journal club: molecular breast imaging at reduced radiation dose for supplemental screening in mammographically dense breasts. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2015;204(2):241–51. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.14.13357.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

69.

Evans A, Trimboli RM, Athanasiou A, et al. Breast ultrasound: recommendations for information to women and referring physicians by the European Society of Breast Imaging. Insights Imaging. 2018;9(4):449–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13244-018-0636-z.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

70.

Moyer VA, US Preventive Services Task Force. Risk assessment, genetic counseling, and genetic testing for BRCA-related cancer in women: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2014;160(4):271–81. https://doi.org/10.7326/M13-2747.CrossRefPubMed

71.

Visvanathan K, Hurley P, Bantug E, et al. Use of pharmacologic interventions for breast cancer risk reduction: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(23):2942–62. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2013.49.3122.CrossRefPubMed

72.

Henry NL, Chan HP, Dantzer J, et al. Aromatase inhibitor-induced modulation of breast density: clinical and genetic effects. Br J Cancer. 2013;109(9):2331–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2013.587.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

73.

Liu JH. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMS): keys to understanding their function. Menopause. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000001585.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

74.

Guerrieri-Gonzaga A, Sestak I, Lazzeroni M, et al. Benefit of low-dose tamoxifen in a large observational cohort of high risk ER positive breast DCIS. Int J Cancer. 2016;139(9):2127–34. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.30254.CrossRefPubMed

75.

McIntosh JG, Minshall J, Saya S, et al. Benefits and harms of selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) to reduce breast cancer risk: a cross-sectional study of methods to communicate risk in primary care. Br J Gen Pract. 2019;69(689):e836–42. https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp19X706841.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

76.

Cuzick J, Sestak I, Forbes JF, et al. Use of anastrozole for breast cancer prevention (IBIS-II): long-term results of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2020;395(10218):117–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32955-1.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

77.

Sini V, Botticelli A, Lunardi G, Gori S, Marchetti P. Pharmacogenetics and aromatase inhibitor induced side effects in breast cancer patients. Pharmacogenomics. 2017;18(8):821–30. https://doi.org/10.2217/pgs-2017-0006.CrossRefPubMed

78.

Tseng OL, Spinelli JJ, Gotay CC, Ho WY, McBride ML, Dawes MG. Aromatase inhibitors are associated with a higher fracture risk than tamoxifen: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2018;10(4):71–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/1759720X18759291.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

79.

Narod SA, Brunet JS, Ghadirian P, et al. Tamoxifen and risk of contralateral breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: a case-control study Hereditary Breast Cancer Clinical Study Group. Lancet. 2000;356(9245):1876–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(00)03258-x.CrossRefPubMed

80.

Cuzick J, Sestak I, Thorat MA. Impact of preventive therapy on the risk of breast cancer among women with benign breast disease. Breast. 2015;24(Suppl 2):S51–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2015.07.013.CrossRefPubMed

81.

Li X, You R, Wang X, et al. Effectiveness of prophylactic surgeries in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Clin Cancer Res. 2016;22(15):3971–81. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-1465.CrossRefPubMed

82.

De Felice F, Marchetti C, Musella A, et al. Bilateral risk-reduction mastectomy in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: a meta-analysis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2015;22(9):2876–80. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-015-4532-1.CrossRefPubMed

83.

Gamble C, Havrilesky LJ, Myers ER, et al. Cost effectiveness of risk-reducing mastectomy versus surveillance in BRCA mutation carriers with a history of ovarian cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2017;24(11):3116–23. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-017-5995-z.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

84.

Co M, Chiu R, Chiu TM, et al. Nipple-sparing mastectomy and its application on BRCA gene mutation carrier. Clin Breast Cancer. 2017;17(8):581–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clbc.2017.02.001.CrossRefPubMed

85.

Bellanger M, Barry K, Rana J, Regnaux JP. Cost-effectiveness of lifestyle-related interventions for the primary prevention of breast cancer: a rapid review. Front Med (Lausanne). 2019;6:325. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2019.00325.CrossRef

Titel: Identifying women with increased risk of breast cancer and implementing risk-reducing strategies and supplemental imaging
verfasst von: Suneela Vegunta
Asha A. Bhatt
Sadia A. Choudhery
Sandhya Pruthi
Aparna S. Kaur
Publikationsdatum: 19.10.2021
Verlag: Springer Singapore
Erschienen in: Breast Cancer / Ausgabe 1/2022
Print ISSN: 1340-6868
Elektronische ISSN: 1880-4233
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12282-021-01298-x

Neu im Fachgebiet Onkologie

18.04.2024 | Wirbelsäulenmetastase | Nachrichten

Live-Webinar: Aktuelle Leitlinien bei Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen

Springer Medizin

Identifying women with increased risk of breast cancer and implementing risk-reducing strategies and supplemental imaging

Abstract

Neu im Fachgebiet Onkologie

Stereotaktische Radiatio schlägt konventionelle Bestrahlung

Adjuvante Brustkrebstherapie: Doppelt hält besser

Manche Gestagene können das Risiko für Meningeome erhöhen

Einladung zum PSA-Screening senkt die Krebssterblichkeit

Update Onkologie

Live-Webinar: Aktuelle Leitlinien bei Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2022

Molecular targeted drugs resistance impairs double-strand break repair and sensitizes ER-positive breast cancer to PARP inhibitors

Prevalence of mutations in BRCA and homologous recombination repair genes and real-world standard of care of Asian patients with HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer starting first-line systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy: subgroup analysis of the global BREAKOUT study

Impact of serum vitamin D on the response and prognosis in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Japanese subgroup analysis of the phase 3 MONARCH 3 study of abemaciclib as initial therapy for patients with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer

Interactions between exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and xenobiotic metabolism genes, and risk of breast cancer

Trends in adjuvant therapy after breast-conserving surgery for ductal carcinoma in situ of breast: a retrospective cohort study using the National Breast Cancer Registry of Japan

Neu im Fachgebiet Onkologie

Stereotaktische Radiatio schlägt konventionelle Bestrahlung

Adjuvante Brustkrebstherapie: Doppelt hält besser

Manche Gestagene können das Risiko für Meningeome erhöhen

Einladung zum PSA-Screening senkt die Krebssterblichkeit

Update Onkologie