Background
Methods
Participants
Clinical and neuropsychological assessment
Structural imaging
PET acquisition
Healthy controls (N = 19) | Patients with persistent symptoms following treated Lyme disease (N = 12) |
P
a
| |
---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 51.0 [38.5, 56.0] (22.0, 62.0) | 42.0 [39.5, 47.3] (24.0, 63.0) | 0.361 |
Sex, male | 13 (68.4%) | 5 (41.7%) | 0.262 |
Race | 0.002 | ||
White | 8 (42.1%) | 12 (100.0%) | |
Black | 10 (52.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
Mixed | 1 (5.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
Body mass index | 27.7 ± 4.1 (20.6, 34.0) | 25.8 ± 3.8 (20.8, 33.2) | 0.193 |
Genotype, C/T | 6 (31.6%) | 8 (66.7%) | 0.075 |
Injected dose (MBq) | 692.3 ± 20.4 | 691.4 ± 15.3 | 0.886 |
Injected mass (μg) | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 0.839 |
Specific activity (GBq/μmol) | 293.6 ± 177.8 | 310.4 ± 101.1 | 0.741 |
Regional volume ratiob | |||
Cerebellum | 0.063 ± 0.009 (0.049, 0.080) | 0.073 ± 0.005 (0.065, 0.081) | < 0.001 |
Hippocampus | 0.006 ± 0.001 (0.005, 0.007) | 0.006 ± 0.000 (0.005, 0.006) | 0.363 |
Occipital Cortex | 0.030 ± 0.003 (0.025, 0.037) | 0.028 ± 0.004 (0.017, 0.033) | 0.072 |
Frontal cortex | 0.111 [0.107, 0.114] (0.085, 0.125) | 0.111 [0.109, 0.114] (0.058, 0.122) | 0.984 |
Parietal cortex | 0.074 [0.067, 0.077] (0.060, 0.086) | 0.074 [0.070, 0.076] (0.034, 0.078) | 0.826 |
Thalamus | 0.011 [0.010, 0.011] (0.008, 0.012) | 0.010 [0.010, 0.011] (0.010, 0.014) | 0.889 |
Temporal cortex | 0.063 [0.061, 0.067] (0.050, 0.076) | 0.063 [0.061, 0.065] (0.021, 0.072) | 0.826 |
Cingulate cortex | 0.013 [0.012, 0.014] (0.011, 0.015) | 0.013 [0.013, 0.014] (0.003, 0.015) | 0.704 |
Image analysis
Statistical analysis
Results
Lyme disease history | Patients with persistent symptoms following treated Lyme disease (N = 12) |
---|---|
Medical record-confirmed Lyme disease presentation | |
CDC confirmed: physician-documented erythema migrans rasha | 6 (50.0%) |
CDC probable: subjective symptoms/(+) serologyb | 6 (50.0%) |
PTLDS symptom duration ≥ 6 months at study visit | 8 (66.7%) |
Self-reported cognitive symptoms | |
Memory change, moderate or severe | 7 (58.3%) |
Difficulty finding words, moderate or severe | 7 (58.3%) |
Difficulty focusing or concentrating, moderate or severe | 9 (75.0%) |
Cognitive symptoms,c any | 12 (100.0%) |
Neurocognitive test T-scores | |
Trail making test [28], part A | 52.50 ± 18.53 (17.00, 80.00) |
Trail making test, part B | 46.67 ± 14.25 (19.00, 68.00) |
HVLT [29] total recall | 48.50 ± 11.87 (32.00, 64.00) |
HVLT delayed recall | 47.92 ± 11.41 (25.00, 59.00) |
HVLT retention | 51.00 ± 9.36 (26.00, 61.00) |
HVLT recognition discrimination | 46.33 ± 12.52 (20.00, 58.00) |
WAIS-IV [30] digit span | 49.25 ± 8.28 (37.00, 67.00) |
WAIS-IV coding | 52.83 ± 7.72 (40.00, 70.00) |
ACT [31] 9d | 54.10 ± 7.26 (37.00, 62.00) |
ACT 18d | 54.50 ± 8.83 (38.00, 69.00) |
ACT 36d | 55.60 ± 9.92 (37.00, 69.00) |
Standardized symptom questionnaires | |
Fatigue Severity Scale Total Score | 50.42 ± 10.33 (25.00, 63.00) |
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Total Score | 11.40 ± 4.67 (4.00, 19.00) |
Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire Total Score | 11.67 ± 6.84 (0.00, 24.00) |
Beck Depression Inventory II Total Score | 14.18 ± 7.10 (3.00, 24.00) |
SF-36 Physical Component Score | 34.91 ± 8.24 (20.21, 50.06) |
SF-36 Mental Component Score | 38.60 ± 11.95 (20.86, 59.47) |