Background
Methods
Engagement skills trainer (EST)
Profile of mood states 2 (POMS)
Dispositional resilience scale (DRS-15)
Hair cortisol
Body composition
Results
Participants
Placebo Group | Treatment Group | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | Pre | Post | |||||
Males | Females | Males | Females | Males | Females | Males | Females | |
Variable | N = 15 | N = 8 | N = 15 | N = 8 | N = 16 | N = 4 | N = 16 | N = 4 |
Age, years | 30.1 ± 2.4 | 29.1 ± 3.2 | 30.1 ± 2.4 | 29.1 ± 3.2 | 30.8 ± 2.7 | 31.3 ± 2.9 | 30.8 ± 2.7 | 31.3 ± 2.9 |
Height, cma | 179.4 ± 6.3 | 161.8 ± 6.8 | 179.4 ± 6.4 | 161.8 ± 6.8 | 176.1 ± 6.8 | 156 ± 9.4 | 176.1 ± 6.9 | 156 ± 9.4 |
Weight, kgb | 87.9 ± 8.7 | 64.5 ± 11.9 | 87.3 ± 8.5 | 65.7 ± 11.9 | 81.9 ± 9.9 | 53.43 ± 9.1 | 82 ± 9.8 | 53.9 ± 9.6 |
BMIc (kg/m2) | 27.3 ± 2.4 | 24.6 ± 3.5 | 27.1 ± 2.6 | 25.1 ± 3.5 | 26.4 ± 2.1 | 22.0 ± 1.3 | 26.4 ± 2.1 | 22.1 ± 1.5 |
FFM, kg | 72 ± 6.7 | 45.9 ± 5.6 | 71.65 ± 6.7 | 46.3 ± 5.2 | 66.8 ± 9.5 | 39.7 ± 5.6 | 66.9 ± 9.8 | 40 ± 6.1 |
FM, kg | 15.9 ± 4.5 | 18.6 ± 7.5 | 15.65 ± 4.9 | 19.4 ± 8.0 | 15.1 ± 5.0 | 13.7 ± 4.0 | 15.1 ± 4.9 | 31.8 ± 3.7 |
Bodyfat, % | 17.98 ± 4.5 | 28.36 ± 6.9 | 17.78 ± 4.5 | 28.51 ± 7.6 | 19.36 ± 4.7 | 25.35 ± 4.0 | 19.27 ± 4.9 | 25.6 ± 2.9 |
Marksmanship
POMS2
Placebo Group | Treatment Group | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | Pre | Post | |
Variable | N = 23 | N = 23 | N = 20 | N = 20 |
Depression/Rejection | 42.2 ± 3.7 | 41.6 ± 3.1 | 43.6 ± 5.6 | 42.9 ± 5.8 |
Anger/Hostility | 40.6 ± 2.3 | 40.2 ± 7.2 | 42.0 ± 4.7 | 41.8 ± 5.34 |
Confusion/Bewilderment | 42.2 ± 8.1 | 40.2 ± 7.2 | 43.0 ± 6.2 | 40.3 ± 5.8 |
Fatigue/Inertia | 42.9 ± 8.3 | 41.8 ± 7.8 | 42.9 ± 8.3 | 43.3 ± 8.6 |
Tension/Anxiety | 39.9 ± 6.0 | 39.9 ± 6.9 | 42.1 ± 6.9 | 40.1 ± 5.6 |
Vigor/Activity | 52.2 ± 9.1 | 53.4 ± 10.6 | 49.5 ± 9.3 | 49.5 ± 9.5 |
Total Mood Disturbance | 42.9 ± 7.0 | 41.4 ± 6.98 | 45.1 ± 7.3 | 43.7 ± 7.1 |
Friendliness | 51.7 ± 9.4 | 51.5 ± 10.4 | 48.6 ± 9.1 | 49.2 ± 8.9 |
Hair cortisol
DRS-15
Placebo Group | Treatment Group | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | Pre | Post | |
Variable | N = 23 | N = 23 | N = 20 | N = 20 |
Commitment | 5.9 ± 2.1 | 6.1 ± 2.6 | 5.5 ± 1.8 | 5.8 ± 1.6 |
Control | 9.2 ± 2.2 | 9.6 ± 2.5 | 9.7 ± 2.4 | 9.8 ± 2.0 |
Challenge | −0.2 ± 2.5 | −0.2 ± 2.7 | −0.6 ± 2.1 | −0.6 ± 2.1 |
Total Resiliency | 15.4 ± 5.7 | 15.8 ± 6.9 | 14.6 ± 4.5 | 15.0 ± 4.7 |