Introduction
Methods
Study population
Study protocol
Echocardiographic examination
Definitions of end point
Statistical analysis
Results
Patient characteristics
Clinical characteristics | |
Age, years | 68 (60–73) |
Gender (female), n (%) | 21 (38) |
DM duration, years | 7.0 (5.0–11.5) |
Body weight, kg | 66.5 (56.8–76.9) |
BSA, m2 | 1.73 (1.57–1.90) |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 130 ± 16 |
Heart rate, bpm | 71 ± 12 |
BNP, pg/mL | 27.9 (9.0–58.2) |
BUN, mg/dL | 14.7 (12.1–19.0) |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.80 ± 0.20 |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 70.6 ± 17.0 |
HbA1c, % | 6.9 (6.7–7.6) |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.7 ± 1.7 |
Hematocrit, % | 41 ± 4.7 |
Lipid profiles, mg/dL | |
Triglycerides | 127 (83.7–185) |
LDL cholesterol | 98 (86–118) |
HDL cholesterol | 51.5 (45.0–60.2) |
Uric acid, mg/dL | 5.1 (4.4–5.9) |
HF classification, n (%) | |
HFpEF | 37 (69) |
HFrEF | 7 (13) |
HFmrEF | 9 (17) |
Comorbidities, n (%) | |
Hypertension | 43 (81) |
Dyslipidemia | 42 (79) |
Cardiovascular event | 12 (21) |
Medications, n (%) | |
CCB | 19 (36) |
ACEI/ARB | 42 (79) |
β-Blocker | 27 (51) |
Diuretics | 10 (19) |
Statin | 37 (70) |
Antidiabetic drugs | |
DPP-4I | 40 (75) |
GLP-1 RA | 1 (2) |
SU | 11 (21) |
α-GI | 9 (17) |
Thiazolidinedione | 11 (21) |
Metformin | 14 (26) |
Echocardiographic parameters | |
LV end-diastolic volume, mL | 74.2 (55.1–104.1) |
LV end-systolic volume, mL | 24.7 (17.0–54.5) |
LVEF, % | 62.3 (49.3–68.3) |
LVMI, g/m2 | 75.0 (61.7–92.0) |
LAVI, mL/m2 | 31 (23–45) |
e′, cm/s | 6.36 ± 1.73 |
E/e′ | 9.3 (7.7–11.8) |
E, cm/s | 58.1 (46.8–70.9) |
A, cm/s | 76.1 ± 17.8 |
E/A | 0.71 (0.6–0.80) |
Comparison of patient characteristics at baseline and 6 months after administration of dapagliflozin
Baseline | 6 months | p value | |
---|---|---|---|
Clinical characteristics | |||
Body weight, kg | 66.5 (56.8–76.9) | 63.9 (56.2–75.6) | < 0.001 |
BSA, m2 | 1.73 (1.57–1.90) | 1.72 (1.55–1.88) | < 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 130 ± 16 | 128 ± 18 | 0.218 |
Heart rate, bpm | 71 ± 12 | 70 ± 11 | 0.610 |
BNP, pg/mL | 27.9 (9.0–58.2) | 28.9 (9.6–62.9) | 0.132 |
BUN, mg/dL | 14.7 (12.1–19.0) | 17.2 (14.2–21.2) | < 0.001 |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.80 ± 0.20 | 0.86 ± 0.23 | < 0.001 |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 70.6 ± 17.0 | 65.6 ± 15.3 | 0.001 |
HbA1c, % | 7.2 ± 0.8 | 7.0 ± 0.8 | 0.108 |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.7 ± 1.7 | 14.4 ± 1.6 | 0.020 |
Hematocrit, % | 41.0 ± 4.7 | 43.8 ± 4.5 | 0.002 |
Lipid profiles, mg/dL | |||
Triglycerides | 127 (84–185) | 116 (82–176) | 0.155 |
LDL cholesterol | 98 (86–118) | 106 (89–126) | 0.078 |
HDL cholesterol | 51.5 (45.0–60.2) | 52 (42.8–65.0) | 0.049 |
Uric acid, mg/dL | 5.1 (4.4–5.9) | 4.7 (4.2–5.7) | 0.057 |
Echocardiographic parameters | |||
LV end-diastolic volume, mL | 74.2 (55.1–104.1) | 68.5 (54.8–93.8) | 0.270 |
LV end-systolic volume, mL | 24.7 (17.0–54.5) | 20.5 (15.2–57.1) | 0.105 |
LVEF, % | 62.3 (49.3–68.3) | 63.6 (55.3–71.0) | 0.011 |
LVMI, g/m2 | 75.0 (61.7–92.0) | 67.0 (55.0–81.9) | < 0.001 |
LAVI, mL/m2 | 31 (23–45) | 26 (21–32) | 0.001 |
e′, cm/s | 6.36 ± 1.73 | 6.82 ± 1.88 | 0.031 |
E/e′ | 9.3 (7.7–11.8) | 8.5 (6.6–10.7) | 0.020 |
E, cm/s | 58.1 (46.8–70.9) | 55.1 (45.3–73.7) | 0.682 |
A, cm/s | 76.1 ± 17.8 | 75.6 ± 16.8 | 0.765 |
E/A | 0.71 (0.6–0.80) | 0.70 (0.62–0.81) | 0.818 |