Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Current Hepatology Reports 2/2017

27.04.2017 | Hepatitis B (J Lim, Section Editor)

Impact of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease on Chronic Hepatitis B Infection

verfasst von: Anthony W.H. Chan, Grace L.H. Wong, Vincent W.S. Wong

Erschienen in: Current Hepatology Reports | Ausgabe 2/2017

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose of review

Both chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are frequent liver diseases with substantial morbidity and mortality. How often do these two diseases occur together? Does hepatitis B virus protect or promote concurrent fatty liver? How does concurrent fatty liver influence the clinical outcomes of CHB? We summarized the latest evidence to tackle all these clinically significant questions.

Recent findings

Concurrent fatty liver in CHB without significant alcohol intake is a common and increasingly alarming problem. Patients with CHB have a lower chance of fatty liver than the general population, but the underlying mechanism remains to be further explored. Clinical impacts of concurrent fatty liver among CHB patients, in terms of treatment response, fibrosis and cirrhosis progression, liver cancer risk, and mortality, are still debatable.

Summary

Concurrent fatty liver in CHB is a common and clinically relevant condition.
Literatur
2.
Zurück zum Zitat European Association for the Study of the Liver, European Organisation For Research and Treatment of Cancer. EASL-EORTC clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2012;56(4):908–43. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2011.12.001.CrossRef European Association for the Study of the Liver, European Organisation For Research and Treatment of Cancer. EASL-EORTC clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2012;56(4):908–43. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jhep.​2011.​12.​001.CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Schweitzer A, Horn J, Mikolajczyk RT, Krause G, Ott JJ. Estimations of worldwide prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a systematic review of data published between 1965 and 2013. Lancet. 2015;386(10003):1546–55. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61412-X.CrossRefPubMed Schweitzer A, Horn J, Mikolajczyk RT, Krause G, Ott JJ. Estimations of worldwide prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a systematic review of data published between 1965 and 2013. Lancet. 2015;386(10003):1546–55. doi:10.​1016/​S0140-6736(15)61412-X.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Mortality GBD. Causes of death C. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet. 2016;388(10053):1459–544. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1.CrossRef Mortality GBD. Causes of death C. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet. 2016;388(10053):1459–544. doi:10.​1016/​S0140-6736(16)31012-1.CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Younossi ZM, Koenig AB, Abdelatif D, Fazel Y, Henry L, Wymer M. Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease—meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes. Hepatology. 2016;64(1):73–84. doi:10.1002/hep.28431.CrossRefPubMed Younossi ZM, Koenig AB, Abdelatif D, Fazel Y, Henry L, Wymer M. Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease—meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes. Hepatology. 2016;64(1):73–84. doi:10.​1002/​hep.​28431.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Younossi ZM, Otgonsuren M, Henry L, Venkatesan C, Mishra A, Erario M, et al. Association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the United States from 2004 to 2009. Hepatology. 2015;62(6):1723–30. doi:10.1002/hep.28123.CrossRefPubMed Younossi ZM, Otgonsuren M, Henry L, Venkatesan C, Mishra A, Erario M, et al. Association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the United States from 2004 to 2009. Hepatology. 2015;62(6):1723–30. doi:10.​1002/​hep.​28123.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Ascha MS, Hanouneh IA, Lopez R, Tamimi TA, Feldstein AF, Zein NN. The incidence and risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology. 2010;51(6):1972–8. doi:10.1002/hep.23527.CrossRefPubMed Ascha MS, Hanouneh IA, Lopez R, Tamimi TA, Feldstein AF, Zein NN. The incidence and risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology. 2010;51(6):1972–8. doi:10.​1002/​hep.​23527.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Wong RJ, Aguilar M, Cheung R, Perumpail RB, Harrison SA, Younossi ZM, et al. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the second leading etiology of liver disease among adults awaiting liver transplantation in the United States. Gastroenterology. 2015;148(3):547–55. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.11.039.CrossRefPubMed Wong RJ, Aguilar M, Cheung R, Perumpail RB, Harrison SA, Younossi ZM, et al. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the second leading etiology of liver disease among adults awaiting liver transplantation in the United States. Gastroenterology. 2015;148(3):547–55. doi:10.​1053/​j.​gastro.​2014.​11.​039.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Lefkowitch JH, Schiff ER, Davis GL, Perrillo RP, Lindsay K, Bodenheimer Jr HC, et al. Pathological diagnosis of chronic hepatitis C: a multicenter comparative study with chronic hepatitis B. The Hepatitis Interventional Therapy Group Gastroenterology. 1993;104(2):595–603.PubMed Lefkowitch JH, Schiff ER, Davis GL, Perrillo RP, Lindsay K, Bodenheimer Jr HC, et al. Pathological diagnosis of chronic hepatitis C: a multicenter comparative study with chronic hepatitis B. The Hepatitis Interventional Therapy Group Gastroenterology. 1993;104(2):595–603.PubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Wong VW, Wong GL, Yu J, Choi PC, Chan AW, Chan HY, et al. Interaction of adipokines and hepatitis B virus on histological liver injury in the Chinese. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105(1):132–8. doi:10.1038/ajg.2009.560.CrossRefPubMed Wong VW, Wong GL, Yu J, Choi PC, Chan AW, Chan HY, et al. Interaction of adipokines and hepatitis B virus on histological liver injury in the Chinese. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105(1):132–8. doi:10.​1038/​ajg.​2009.​560.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Machado MV, Oliveira AG, Cortez-Pinto H. Hepatic steatosis in hepatitis B virus infected patients: meta-analysis of risk factors and comparison with hepatitis C infected patients. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;26(9):1361–7. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.06801.x.PubMed Machado MV, Oliveira AG, Cortez-Pinto H. Hepatic steatosis in hepatitis B virus infected patients: meta-analysis of risk factors and comparison with hepatitis C infected patients. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;26(9):1361–7. doi:10.​1111/​j.​1440-1746.​2011.​06801.​x.PubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Altlparmak E, Koklu S, Yalinkilic M, Yuksel O, Cicek B, Kayacetin E, et al. Viral and host causes of fatty liver in chronic hepatitis B. World J Gastroenterol. 2005;11(20):3056–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Altlparmak E, Koklu S, Yalinkilic M, Yuksel O, Cicek B, Kayacetin E, et al. Viral and host causes of fatty liver in chronic hepatitis B. World J Gastroenterol. 2005;11(20):3056–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Thomopoulos KC, Arvaniti V, Tsamantas AC, Dimitropoulou D, Gogos CA, Siagris D, et al. Prevalence of liver steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B: a study of associated factors and of relationship with fibrosis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;18(3):233–7.CrossRefPubMed Thomopoulos KC, Arvaniti V, Tsamantas AC, Dimitropoulou D, Gogos CA, Siagris D, et al. Prevalence of liver steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B: a study of associated factors and of relationship with fibrosis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;18(3):233–7.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsochatzis E, Papatheodoridis GV, Manesis EK, Chrysanthos N, Kafiri G, Archimandritis AJ. Hepatic steatosis in chronic hepatitis B develops due to host metabolic factors: a comparative approach with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C. Dig Liver Dis. 2007;39(10):936–42. doi:10.1016/j.dld.2007.07.151.CrossRefPubMed Tsochatzis E, Papatheodoridis GV, Manesis EK, Chrysanthos N, Kafiri G, Archimandritis AJ. Hepatic steatosis in chronic hepatitis B develops due to host metabolic factors: a comparative approach with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C. Dig Liver Dis. 2007;39(10):936–42. doi:10.​1016/​j.​dld.​2007.​07.​151.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Minakari M, Molaei M, Shalmani HM, Mohammad Alizadeh AH, Jazi AH, Naderi N, et al. Liver steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection: host and viral risk factors. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;21(5):512–6. doi:10.1097/MEG.0b013e328326792e.CrossRefPubMed Minakari M, Molaei M, Shalmani HM, Mohammad Alizadeh AH, Jazi AH, Naderi N, et al. Liver steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection: host and viral risk factors. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;21(5):512–6. doi:10.​1097/​MEG.​0b013e328326792e​.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Zheng RD, Xu CR, Jiang L, Dou AX, Zhou K, Lu LG. Predictors of hepatic steatosis in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients and their diagnostic values in hepatic fibrosis. Int J Med Sci. 2010;7(5):272–7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Zheng RD, Xu CR, Jiang L, Dou AX, Zhou K, Lu LG. Predictors of hepatic steatosis in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients and their diagnostic values in hepatic fibrosis. Int J Med Sci. 2010;7(5):272–7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Rastogi A, Sakhuja P, Kumar A, Hissar S, Jain A, Gondal R, et al. Steatosis in chronic hepatitis B: prevalence and correlation with biochemical, histologic, viral, and metabolic parameters. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2011;54(3):454–9. doi:10.4103/0377-4929.85074.CrossRefPubMed Rastogi A, Sakhuja P, Kumar A, Hissar S, Jain A, Gondal R, et al. Steatosis in chronic hepatitis B: prevalence and correlation with biochemical, histologic, viral, and metabolic parameters. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2011;54(3):454–9. doi:10.​4103/​0377-4929.​85074.CrossRefPubMed
28.
29.
Zurück zum Zitat • Chan AW, Wong GL, Chan HY, Tong JH, Yu YH, Choi PC et al. Concurrent fatty liver increases risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;32(3):667–76. doi:10.1111/jgh.13536. Concurrent fatty liver is common in chronic hepatitis B patients and an independent risk factor potentiating HBV-associated HCC development by 7.3-fold. The risk of HBV-related HCC is increased by APOC3 gene polymorphism by 3.9-fold. • Chan AW, Wong GL, Chan HY, Tong JH, Yu YH, Choi PC et al. Concurrent fatty liver increases risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;32(3):667–76. doi:10.​1111/​jgh.​13536. Concurrent fatty liver is common in chronic hepatitis B patients and an independent risk factor potentiating HBV-associated HCC development by 7.3-fold. The risk of HBV-related HCC is increased by APOC3 gene polymorphism by 3.9-fold.
30.
Zurück zum Zitat • Charatcharoenwitthaya P, Pongpaibul A, Kaosombatwattana U, Bhanthumkomol P, Bandidniyamanon W, Pausawasdi N et al. The prevalence of steatohepatitis in chronic hepatitis B patients and its impact on disease severity and treatment response. Liver Int. 2017;37(4):542–51. doi:10.1111/liv.13271. Concurrent steatohepatitis is common in chronic hepatitis B patients and associated with metabolic syndrome but not viral factor. Steatohepatitis is related to the severity of liver fibrosis but does not affect response to antiviral therapy. • Charatcharoenwitthaya P, Pongpaibul A, Kaosombatwattana U, Bhanthumkomol P, Bandidniyamanon W, Pausawasdi N et al. The prevalence of steatohepatitis in chronic hepatitis B patients and its impact on disease severity and treatment response. Liver Int. 2017;37(4):542–51. doi:10.​1111/​liv.​13271. Concurrent steatohepatitis is common in chronic hepatitis B patients and associated with metabolic syndrome but not viral factor. Steatohepatitis is related to the severity of liver fibrosis but does not affect response to antiviral therapy.
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Chu CM, Lin DY, Liaw YF. Clinical and virological characteristics post HBsAg seroclearance in hepatitis B virus carriers with hepatic steatosis versus those without. Dig Dis Sci. 2013;58(1):275–81. doi:10.1007/s10620-012-2343-9.CrossRefPubMed Chu CM, Lin DY, Liaw YF. Clinical and virological characteristics post HBsAg seroclearance in hepatitis B virus carriers with hepatic steatosis versus those without. Dig Dis Sci. 2013;58(1):275–81. doi:10.​1007/​s10620-012-2343-9.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Pais R, Rusu E, Zilisteanu D, Circiumaru A, Micu L, Voiculescu M, et al. Prevalence of steatosis and insulin resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B compared with chronic hepatitis C and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Intern Med. 2015;26(1):30–6. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2014.12.001.CrossRefPubMed Pais R, Rusu E, Zilisteanu D, Circiumaru A, Micu L, Voiculescu M, et al. Prevalence of steatosis and insulin resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B compared with chronic hepatitis C and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Intern Med. 2015;26(1):30–6. doi:10.​1016/​j.​ejim.​2014.​12.​001.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Chalasani N, Younossi Z, Lavine JE, Diehl AM, Brunt EM, Cusi K, et al. The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association. Hepatology. 2012;55(6):2005–23. doi:10.1002/hep.25762.CrossRefPubMed Chalasani N, Younossi Z, Lavine JE, Diehl AM, Brunt EM, Cusi K, et al. The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association. Hepatology. 2012;55(6):2005–23. doi:10.​1002/​hep.​25762.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat European Association for the Study of the Liver. Electronic address eee, European Association for the Study of D, European Association for the Study of O. EASL-EASD-EASO clinical practice guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2016;64(6):1388–402. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2015.11.004.CrossRef European Association for the Study of the Liver. Electronic address eee, European Association for the Study of D, European Association for the Study of O. EASL-EASD-EASO clinical practice guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2016;64(6):1388–402. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jhep.​2015.​11.​004.CrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Hsu HC, Lai MY, Su IJ, Chen DS, Chang MH, Yang PM, et al. Correlation of hepatocyte HBsAg expression with virus replication and liver pathology. Hepatology. 1988;8(4):749–54.CrossRefPubMed Hsu HC, Lai MY, Su IJ, Chen DS, Chang MH, Yang PM, et al. Correlation of hepatocyte HBsAg expression with virus replication and liver pathology. Hepatology. 1988;8(4):749–54.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Ramakrishna B, Mukhopadhya A, Kurian G. Correlation of hepatocyte expression of hepatitis B viral antigens with histological activity and viral titer in chronic hepatitis B virus infection: an immunohistochemical study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;23(11):1734–8. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2008.05416.x.CrossRefPubMed Ramakrishna B, Mukhopadhya A, Kurian G. Correlation of hepatocyte expression of hepatitis B viral antigens with histological activity and viral titer in chronic hepatitis B virus infection: an immunohistochemical study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;23(11):1734–8. doi:10.​1111/​j.​1440-1746.​2008.​05416.​x.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Jan CF, Chen CJ, Chiu YH, Chen LS, Wu HM, Huang CC, et al. A population-based study investigating the association between metabolic syndrome and hepatitis B/C infection (Keelung Community-Based Integrated Screening Study No. 10). Int J Obes. 2006;30(5):794–9. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803204.CrossRef Jan CF, Chen CJ, Chiu YH, Chen LS, Wu HM, Huang CC, et al. A population-based study investigating the association between metabolic syndrome and hepatitis B/C infection (Keelung Community-Based Integrated Screening Study No. 10). Int J Obes. 2006;30(5):794–9. doi:10.​1038/​sj.​ijo.​0803204.CrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Hajjou M, Norel R, Carver R, Marion P, Cullen J, Rogler LE, et al. cDNA microarray analysis of HBV transgenic mouse liver identifies genes in lipid biosynthetic and growth control pathways affected by HBV. J Med Virol. 2005;77(1):57–65. doi:10.1002/jmv.20427.CrossRefPubMed Hajjou M, Norel R, Carver R, Marion P, Cullen J, Rogler LE, et al. cDNA microarray analysis of HBV transgenic mouse liver identifies genes in lipid biosynthetic and growth control pathways affected by HBV. J Med Virol. 2005;77(1):57–65. doi:10.​1002/​jmv.​20427.CrossRefPubMed
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim K, Kim KH, Kim HH, Cheong J. Hepatitis B virus X protein induces lipogenic transcription factor SREBP1 and fatty acid synthase through the activation of nuclear receptor LXRalpha. Biochem J. 2008;416(2):219–30. doi:10.1042/BJ20081336.CrossRefPubMed Kim K, Kim KH, Kim HH, Cheong J. Hepatitis B virus X protein induces lipogenic transcription factor SREBP1 and fatty acid synthase through the activation of nuclear receptor LXRalpha. Biochem J. 2008;416(2):219–30. doi:10.​1042/​BJ20081336.CrossRefPubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Na TY, Shin YK, Roh KJ, Kang SA, Hong I, Oh SJ, et al. Liver X receptor mediates hepatitis B virus X protein-induced lipogenesis in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2009;49(4):1122–31. doi:10.1002/hep.22740.CrossRefPubMed Na TY, Shin YK, Roh KJ, Kang SA, Hong I, Oh SJ, et al. Liver X receptor mediates hepatitis B virus X protein-induced lipogenesis in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2009;49(4):1122–31. doi:10.​1002/​hep.​22740.CrossRefPubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Kang SK, Chung TW, Lee JY, Lee YC, Morton RE, Kim CH. The hepatitis B virus X protein inhibits secretion of apolipoprotein B by enhancing the expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III. J Biol Chem. 2004;279(27):28106–12. doi:10.1074/jbc.M403176200.CrossRefPubMed Kang SK, Chung TW, Lee JY, Lee YC, Morton RE, Kim CH. The hepatitis B virus X protein inhibits secretion of apolipoprotein B by enhancing the expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III. J Biol Chem. 2004;279(27):28106–12. doi:10.​1074/​jbc.​M403176200.CrossRefPubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Wu YL, Peng XE, Zhu YB, Yan XL, Chen WN, Lin X. Hepatitis B virus X protein induces hepatic steatosis by enhancing the expression of liver fatty acid binding protein. J Virol. 2015;90(4):1729–40. doi:10.1128/JVI.02604-15.CrossRefPubMed Wu YL, Peng XE, Zhu YB, Yan XL, Chen WN, Lin X. Hepatitis B virus X protein induces hepatic steatosis by enhancing the expression of liver fatty acid binding protein. J Virol. 2015;90(4):1729–40. doi:10.​1128/​JVI.​02604-15.CrossRefPubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Charlton M, Viker K, Krishnan A, Sanderson S, Veldt B, Kaalsbeek AJ, et al. Differential expression of lumican and fatty acid binding protein-1: new insights into the histologic spectrum of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2009;49(4):1375–84. doi:10.1002/hep.22927.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Charlton M, Viker K, Krishnan A, Sanderson S, Veldt B, Kaalsbeek AJ, et al. Differential expression of lumican and fatty acid binding protein-1: new insights into the histologic spectrum of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2009;49(4):1375–84. doi:10.​1002/​hep.​22927.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
58.
Zurück zum Zitat • Hsiang JC, Wong GL, Chan HL, Chan AW, Chim AM, Wong VW. Metabolic syndrome delays HBeAg seroclearance in Chinese patients with hepatitis B. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014;40(6):716–26. doi:10.1111/apt.12874. Concurrent pre-metabolic syndrome or metabolic syndrome delayed HBeAg seroclearance among chronic hepatitis B patients. • Hsiang JC, Wong GL, Chan HL, Chan AW, Chim AM, Wong VW. Metabolic syndrome delays HBeAg seroclearance in Chinese patients with hepatitis B. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014;40(6):716–26. doi:10.​1111/​apt.​12874. Concurrent pre-metabolic syndrome or metabolic syndrome delayed HBeAg seroclearance among chronic hepatitis B patients.
59.
Zurück zum Zitat • Ceylan B, Arslan F, Batirel A, Fincanci M, Yardimci C, Fersan E, et al. Impact of fatty liver on hepatitis B virus replication and virologic response to tenofovir and entecavir. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2016;27(1):42–6. doi:10.5152/tjg.2015.150348. Concurrent NAFLD decreases viral replication in chronic hepatitis B patients but does not have impact on the virologic response to entecavir and tenofovir treatment. • Ceylan B, Arslan F, Batirel A, Fincanci M, Yardimci C, Fersan E, et al. Impact of fatty liver on hepatitis B virus replication and virologic response to tenofovir and entecavir. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2016;27(1):42–6. doi:10.​5152/​tjg.​2015.​150348. Concurrent NAFLD decreases viral replication in chronic hepatitis B patients but does not have impact on the virologic response to entecavir and tenofovir treatment.
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Buit M, Washington MK, Gane E, Aguilar Schall R, Bornstein JD, Subramanian M, et al. Hepatic steatosis does not predict regression of liver cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). J Hepatol. 2014;60(Suppl):S294–S5. doi:10.1016/S0168-8278(14)60839-4.CrossRef Buit M, Washington MK, Gane E, Aguilar Schall R, Bornstein JD, Subramanian M, et al. Hepatic steatosis does not predict regression of liver cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). J Hepatol. 2014;60(Suppl):S294–S5. doi:10.​1016/​S0168-8278(14)60839-4.CrossRef
61.
Zurück zum Zitat • Wong GL, Chan HL, Yu Z, Chan AW, Choi PC, Chim AM, et al. Coincidental metabolic syndrome increases the risk of liver fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis B—a prospective cohort study with paired transient elastography examinations. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014;39(8):883–93. doi:10.1111/apt.12658. Concurrent metabolic syndrome increases the risk of liver fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection, independent of viral load and hepatitis activity. • Wong GL, Chan HL, Yu Z, Chan AW, Choi PC, Chim AM, et al. Coincidental metabolic syndrome increases the risk of liver fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis B—a prospective cohort study with paired transient elastography examinations. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014;39(8):883–93. doi:10.​1111/​apt.​12658. Concurrent metabolic syndrome increases the risk of liver fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection, independent of viral load and hepatitis activity.
62.
Zurück zum Zitat • Mena A, Pedreira JD, Castro A, Lopez S, Vazquez P, Poveda E. Metabolic syndrome association with fibrosis development in chronic hepatitis B virus inactive carriers. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;29(1):173–8. doi:10.1111/jgh.12432. Components of metabolic syndrome increases the risk of fibrosis development in chronic hepatitis B inactive carriers. Significant fibrosis is uncommon among these patients without concurrent metabolic syndrome. • Mena A, Pedreira JD, Castro A, Lopez S, Vazquez P, Poveda E. Metabolic syndrome association with fibrosis development in chronic hepatitis B virus inactive carriers. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;29(1):173–8. doi:10.​1111/​jgh.​12432. Components of metabolic syndrome increases the risk of fibrosis development in chronic hepatitis B inactive carriers. Significant fibrosis is uncommon among these patients without concurrent metabolic syndrome.
64.
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Hsiang J, Wong GL, Chan HL, Wong VW. Editorial: metabolic syndrome delays HBeAg seroclearance in Chinese patients with hepatitis B—authors' reply. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014;40(8):983. doi:10.1111/apt.12932.CrossRefPubMed Hsiang J, Wong GL, Chan HL, Wong VW. Editorial: metabolic syndrome delays HBeAg seroclearance in Chinese patients with hepatitis B—authors' reply. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014;40(8):983. doi:10.​1111/​apt.​12932.CrossRefPubMed
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang YW, Wang TC, Lin SC, Chang HY, Chen DS, Hu JT, et al. Increased risk of cirrhosis and its decompensation in chronic hepatitis B patients with newly diagnosed diabetes: a nationwide cohort study. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57(12):1695–702. doi:10.1093/cid/cit603.CrossRefPubMed Huang YW, Wang TC, Lin SC, Chang HY, Chen DS, Hu JT, et al. Increased risk of cirrhosis and its decompensation in chronic hepatitis B patients with newly diagnosed diabetes: a nationwide cohort study. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57(12):1695–702. doi:10.​1093/​cid/​cit603.CrossRefPubMed
70.
Zurück zum Zitat • Fu SC, Huang YW, Wang TC, Hu JT, Chen DS, Yang SS. Increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients with new onset diabetes: a nationwide cohort study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;41(11):1200–9. doi:10.1111/apt.13191. In a cohort of 14523 Taiwanese patients with chronic hepatitis B, new-onset diabetes mellitus independently increases HCC risk after adjustment of age, gender, cirrhosis, antiviral treatment, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and statin treatment. • Fu SC, Huang YW, Wang TC, Hu JT, Chen DS, Yang SS. Increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients with new onset diabetes: a nationwide cohort study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;41(11):1200–9. doi:10.​1111/​apt.​13191. In a cohort of 14523 Taiwanese patients with chronic hepatitis B, new-onset diabetes mellitus independently increases HCC risk after adjustment of age, gender, cirrhosis, antiviral treatment, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and statin treatment.
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Welzel TM, Graubard BI, Zeuzem S, El-Serag HB, Davila JA, McGlynn KA. Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of primary liver cancer in the United States: a study in the SEER-Medicare database. Hepatology. 2011;54(2):463–71. doi:10.1002/hep.24397.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Welzel TM, Graubard BI, Zeuzem S, El-Serag HB, Davila JA, McGlynn KA. Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of primary liver cancer in the United States: a study in the SEER-Medicare database. Hepatology. 2011;54(2):463–71. doi:10.​1002/​hep.​24397.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
72.
Zurück zum Zitat • Cheng JY, Wong VW, Tse YK, Chim AM, Chan HL, Wong GL. Metabolic syndrome increases cardiovascular events but not hepatic events and death in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology. 2016;64(5):1507–17. doi:10.1002/hep.28778. In a prospective cohort of 1466 chronic hepatitis B patients, metabolic syndrome increases the risk of cardiovascular events but not hepatic events and death. Liver stiffness measurement is the important risk factor of hepatic events and death in chronic hepatitis B patients. • Cheng JY, Wong VW, Tse YK, Chim AM, Chan HL, Wong GL. Metabolic syndrome increases cardiovascular events but not hepatic events and death in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology. 2016;64(5):1507–17. doi:10.​1002/​hep.​28778. In a prospective cohort of 1466 chronic hepatitis B patients, metabolic syndrome increases the risk of cardiovascular events but not hepatic events and death. Liver stiffness measurement is the important risk factor of hepatic events and death in chronic hepatitis B patients.
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Brouwer WP, van der Meer AJ, Boonstra A, Pas SD, de Knegt RJ, de Man RA, et al. The impact of PNPLA3 (rs738409 C>G) polymorphisms on liver histology and long-term clinical outcome in chronic hepatitis B patients. Liver Int. 2015;35(2):438–47. doi:10.1111/liv.12695.CrossRefPubMed Brouwer WP, van der Meer AJ, Boonstra A, Pas SD, de Knegt RJ, de Man RA, et al. The impact of PNPLA3 (rs738409 C>G) polymorphisms on liver histology and long-term clinical outcome in chronic hepatitis B patients. Liver Int. 2015;35(2):438–47. doi:10.​1111/​liv.​12695.CrossRefPubMed
74.
Metadaten
Titel
Impact of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease on Chronic Hepatitis B Infection
verfasst von
Anthony W.H. Chan
Grace L.H. Wong
Vincent W.S. Wong
Publikationsdatum
27.04.2017
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current Hepatology Reports / Ausgabe 2/2017
Elektronische ISSN: 2195-9595
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11901-017-0340-3

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2017

Current Hepatology Reports 2/2017 Zur Ausgabe

Autoimmune, Cholestatic, and Biliary Diseases (S Gordon and C Bowlus, Section Editors)

Autoimmune Hepatitis: When Is It Safe to Stop Therapy, or Withhold Therapy Altogether?

Autoimmune, Cholestatic, and Biliary Diseases (S Gordon and C Bowlus, Section Editors)

Are Dominant Strictures in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis a Risk Factor for Cholangiocarcinoma?

Autoimmune, Cholestatic, and Biliary Diseases (S Gordon and C Bowlus, Section Editors)

Why Doesn’t Primary Biliary Cholangitis Respond to Immunosuppressive Medications?

Hepatic Cancer (A Singal and A Mufti, Section Editors)

Should AFP (or Any Biomarkers) Be Used for HCC Surveillance?

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.