Background
Methods
Design and Participants
Measures
Statistical analysis
Results
IBADAN | BERLIN | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable
|
Stroke patients n(%) = 100
|
AHAs* n(%) = 100
|
Tests of significance
|
Stroke patients n = 103
|
AHAs* n = 50
|
Tests of significance
|
Age, yrs
| ||||||
Mean (SD) | 59.4(9.9) | 57.6 (12.4) | t = 1.138, 95% CI -1.319 to 4.919, p = 0.256 | 66.9 (11.6) | 65.7(5.9) | t = 0.676, 95% CI -2.258 to 4.606, |
30- 49 | 15 | 27 | 12 | 1 | p = 0.500 | |
50- 69 | 71 | 48 | 42 | 39 | ||
70- 99 | 14 | 25 | 49 | 10 | ||
Gender
| ||||||
Male | 41 | 41 | identical | 61 | 11 |
χ
2
= 18.720 p <0.0001 |
Female | 59 | 59 | 42 | 39 | ||
Occupation
| ||||||
Skilled/Semi-skilled Workers | 44 | 72 | 33 | 7 | ||
Unskilled Workers | 51 | 27 | 2 | 0 | ||
Pensioner | 0 | 0 | 68 | 43 | ||
Others | 5 | 1 |
χ
2
= 18.06, p = 0.021 | 0 | 0 |
χ
2
= 9.042 p = 0.171 |
Education
| ||||||
None | 35 | 21 | 3 | 0 | ||
Primary (1-6 yr) | 15 | 10 | 39 | 10 | ||
Secondary (7- 12 yr) | 30 | 19 |
χ
2
= 19.4, p = 0.001
| 31 | 23 |
χ
2
= 7.483, p = 0.058
|
Tertiary (> 12 yr) | 20 | 50 | 30 | 17 | ||
Stroke type
| (clinical*, CT) | (CT/MRI) | ||||
Ischemic | 30 63 | 80 | ||||
Hemorrhagic | 23 37 | 11 | ||||
Indeterminate/Mixed | 47 | 9 (mixed) | ||||
Recurrent stroke
| 16 | 22 | ||||
Time since first stroke
| ||||||
Median, Range (months) | 28.5, 1 to 348 | 1.5, 1 to 324 | ||||
Modified Rankin Scale
| ||||||
No symptom/sign. disability | 16 | 4 | ||||
Slight disability | 27 | 37 | ||||
Moderate disability | 24 | 24 | ||||
Moderately severe disability | 31 | 8 | ||||
Severe disability | 2 | 27 | ||||
Stroke levity score
| ||||||
0-5 (severe impairment) | 6 | 6 | ||||
6-10 (mod. impairment) | 14 | 26 | ||||
11-15 (mild impairment) | 80 | 68 | ||||
NIHSS
| ||||||
0-5 | 64 | |||||
6-10 | 19 | |||||
11-16 | 17 |
Domains | Stroke patients Mean (SD) | AHA^s Mean (SD) | Mean difference, (95%CI) |
t
|
p(two-tailed) |
F ANCOVA
(adjusted for age and SEC†)
|
p (adjusted for age and SEC†)
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical Sphere
| |||||||
Physical | 73.9 (14.1) | 91.1 (7.0) | -17.2 (-21.4, -12.9) | -7.937 | < 0.00001* | 9.953 | < 0.00001* |
Psycho-emotional | 74.4 (13.5) | 84.7 (8.8) | -10.3 (-14.0,-6.6) | -5.553 | < 0.00001* | 5.345 | 0.002* |
Cognitive | 71.9 (13.1) | 85.0 (17.0) | -13.1 (-18.0, -8.6) | -5.481 | < 0.00001* | 8.461 | < 0.00001* |
Ecosocial Interaction
| 69.9 (12.7) | 76.8 (10.4) | -6.9 (-11.0, -4.1) | -3.430 | 0.001* | 6.620 | < 0.00001* |
Spiritual sphere
| |||||||
Soul | 76.8 (6.9) | 84.2 (6.0) | -7.4 (-10.2, -4.6) | -5.179 | < 0.00001* | 7.281 | < 0.00001* |
Spirit | 78.9 (10.8) | 84.8 (9.2) | -5.9 (-8.7, -3.0) | -4.028 | < 0.00001* | 4.763 | 0.003* |
Spiritual interaction
| 76.8 (13.0) | 82.0 (26.2) | -5.2 (-11.0, 0.7) | -1.726 | 0.087 | 1.454 | 0.230 |
HRQOLphysical sphere
| 71.4 (10.2) | 83.6 (6.7) | -12.2 (-17.4, -7.1) | -4.763 | < 0.00001* | 7.031 | 0.001* |
HRQOLspiritual sphere
| 76.5 (8.2) | 83.7 (7.4) | -7.2(-10.6,-3.6) | -4.030 | < 0.001* | 3.757 | 0.016* |
HRQOLsum | 73.5 (9.1) | 84.4 (6.9) | -10.9 (-17.0, -4.8) | -3.496 | 0.002* | 3.883 | 0.027* |
Domains | Stroke Patients Mean (SD) | AHAs^ Mean (SD) | Mean difference (95% confidence interval) |
t-value |
p
|
F ANCOVA (adjusted for age, sex and SEC†)
|
p (adjusted for age, sex and SEC†)
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical sphere
| |||||||
Physical | 65.1 (13.0) | 92.7 (5.1) | -27.6 (-31.4, -23.8) | -14.365 | < 0.00001* | 73.96 | < 0.00001* |
Psycho-emotional | 74.1 (12.3) | 84.6 (9.6) | -10.5(-14.4, -6.5) | -5.237 | < 0.00001* | 10.163 | < 0.00001* |
Cognitive | 75.5 (13.0) | 81.5 (8.9) | -6.0 (-10.1, -2.0) | -2.927 | 0.004* | 4.328 | 0.006* |
Ecosocial Interaction
| 68.3 (9.1) | 76.8 (7.9) | -8.5 (-11.4, -5.4) | -5.835 | < 0.00001* | 20.481 | < 0.00001* |
Spiritual sphere
| |||||||
Soul | 65.4 (9.7) | 69.7 (9.1) | -4.3 (-7.6, -1.0) | -2.645 | 0.009* | 2.460 | 0.065 |
Spirit | 46.6 (18.3) | 49.1 (17.5) | -2.5 (-8.6, 3.6) | -0.817 | 0.416 | 0.912 | 0.437 |
Spiritual interaction
| 45.3 (22.0) | 45.6 (17.6) | -0.3 (-7.3, 6.7) | -0.073 | 0.942 | 0.495 | 0.686 |
HRQOLphysical sphere
| 70.8 (9.6) | 83.8 (6.3) | -13.0(-16.1, -10.1) | -8.615 | < 0.000001* | 21.325 | < 0.00001* |
HRQOLspiritual sphere
| 52.4 (15.6) | 54.8 (13.3) | -2.4 (-7.4, 2.7) | -0.918 | 0.36 | 1.82 | 0.128 |
HRQOLsum | 62.8 (8.9) | 71.4 (7.7) | -8.6 (-11.5, -5.6) | -6.075 | < 0.000001* | 11.387 | < 0.00001* |
HRQOLISP Domains | mRS^ Ibadan rho, p | mRS Berlin, rho, p | SLS‡Ibadan, rho, p | SLS Berlin, rho, p | NIHSS† Berlin, rho, p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical sphere
| |||||
Physical | -0.59, < 0.0001* | -0.75, < 0.0001* | 0.53, 0.001* | 0.78, < 0.0001* | -0.77, < 0.0001* |
Psycho-emotional | -0.50, < 0.0001* | -0.36, < 0.0001* | 0.53, < 0.0001* | 0.42, < 0.0001* | -0.46, < 0.0001* |
Cognitive | -0.44, < 0.0001* | -0.26, 0.007* | 0.38, < 0.0001* | 0.25, 0.012* | -0.28, 0.004* |
Ecosocial interaction
| -0.48, < 0.0001* | -0.50, < 0.0001* | 0.45, < 0.0001* | 0.49, < 0.0001* | -0.46, < 0.0001 |
Spiritual sphere
| |||||
Soul | -0.04, 0.812 | -0.17, 0.080 | 0.10, 0.591 | 0.24, 0.013* | -0.13, 0.204 |
Spirit | -0.11, 0.276 | 0.00, 0.964 | 0.12, 0.270 | 0.12, 0.235 | -0.01, 0.893 |
Spiritual interaction
| -0.11, 0.267 | 0.03, 0.782 | 0.19, 0.071 | 0.11, 0.283 | 0.012, 0.904 |
HRQOLphysical sphere
| -0.78, < 0.0001* | -0.56, < 0.0001* | 0.72, 0.002* | 0.59, < 0.0001* | -0.61, < 0.0001* |
HRQOLspiritual sphere
| -0.13, 0.458 | -0.03, 0.763 | 0.30, 0.096 | 0.15, 0.124 | -0.03, 0.738 |