Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 4/2016

23.09.2016 | Original Article

Incidence and patterns of maxillofacial trauma—a retrospective analysis of 3611 patients—an update

verfasst von: P. Manodh, D. Prabhu Shankar, Devadoss Pradeep, Rajan Santhosh, Aparna Murugan

Erschienen in: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery | Ausgabe 4/2016

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Background

Maxillofacial fractures occur in a significant proportion worldwide and can occur as an isolated injury or in combination with other severe injuries including cranial, spinal, and upper and lower body injuries requiring prompt diagnosis with possible emergency interventions. The epidemiology of facial fractures varies with regard to injury type, severity, and cause and depends on the population studied. Hence, understanding of these factors can aid in establishing clinical and research priorities for effective treatment and prevention of these injuries.

Materials and methods

In this present retrospective study, we provide a comprehensive overview regarding cranio-maxillofacial trauma on 3611 patients to assist the clinician in assessment and management of this unique highly specialized area of traumatology. A preformed pro forma was used to analyze the medical records of patients treated for facial trauma in The Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai. The distribution according to age, gender, etiology, type of injury, time interval between accident and treatment, loss of consciousness, facial bones involved, pattern of fracture lines, treatment offered, and postoperative complications were recorded and evaluated.

Results

We inferred male patients sustained more injuries mostly in the third decade of age. Road traffic accidents were the most common cause of injury. Mandible was the most commonly fractured bone in the facial skeleton. Soft tissue injuries occurred more in road traffic accidents and upper lip was the commonest site of injury.

Conclusion

Our study provides insights into the epidemiology of facial injuries and associated factors and can be useful not only in developing prevention strategies but also for grading the existing legal regulations and also for framing a more effective treatment protocol.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Moosa Z, Alikhaji MK, Mohd R (2004) An epidemiological study of facial injuries during a 13 month of trauma registry in Tehran. Ind. J. of Medical Sciences 58:3 Moosa Z, Alikhaji MK, Mohd R (2004) An epidemiological study of facial injuries during a 13 month of trauma registry in Tehran. Ind. J. of Medical Sciences 58:3
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Z Ahmed Rana, N Ahmed Khoso, O Arshad, KM Siddiqui. An assessment of maxillofacial injuries: a 5 year study of 2112 patients. Ann. Pakistan. Inst. Med. Sciences 2012; 6;2; Pgs 113–115 Z Ahmed Rana, N Ahmed Khoso, O Arshad, KM Siddiqui. An assessment of maxillofacial injuries: a 5 year study of 2112 patients. Ann. Pakistan. Inst. Med. Sciences 2012; 6;2; Pgs 113–115
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Shahim F N, Cameron P, Neil MC. Maxillofacial trauma in major trauma patients. Aust Dent J 2006. 51;3; 225–230 Shahim F N, Cameron P, Neil MC. Maxillofacial trauma in major trauma patients. Aust Dent J 2006. 51;3; 225–230
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Emshoff R, Schöning H, Rothler G, Waldhart E (1997) Trends in the incidence and cause of sport-related mandibular fractures: a retrospective analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 55(6):585–592CrossRefPubMed Emshoff R, Schöning H, Rothler G, Waldhart E (1997) Trends in the incidence and cause of sport-related mandibular fractures: a retrospective analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 55(6):585–592CrossRefPubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat SW Perkins, SH Dayan, EC Sklarew, M Hamilton, GS Brussel. Incidence of sports related facial trauma in children. Ent Journal2000. SW Perkins, SH Dayan, EC Sklarew, M Hamilton, GS Brussel. Incidence of sports related facial trauma in children. Ent Journal2000.
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Siida, M. Kogo, T. Suguira, T. Mima, T. Matasuya. Retrospective analysis of 1502 patients with facial fractures IntJOf Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery 2001;30;86–290 Siida, M. Kogo, T. Suguira, T. Mima, T. Matasuya. Retrospective analysis of 1502 patients with facial fractures IntJOf Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery 2001;30;86–290
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Keiser J. Incidence of maxillofacial trauma in Newzealand. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery .2002.Aug;32;323–325. Keiser J. Incidence of maxillofacial trauma in Newzealand. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery .2002.Aug;32;323–325.
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Olasoji H O, Tahir A, Arotiba G T. Changing trends and characteristics of maxillofacial injuries in Nigeria. BrJOral And MaxFacSurgery Volume 40, Issue 2, April 2002, Pages 140–143. Olasoji H O, Tahir A, Arotiba G T. Changing trends and characteristics of maxillofacial injuries in Nigeria. BrJOral And MaxFacSurgery Volume 40, Issue 2, April 2002, Pages 140–143.
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Sarasw ATV (2008) Airway management in maxillofacial trauma: a retrospective review of 127 cases. Ind J Anesth 52:311–316 Sarasw ATV (2008) Airway management in maxillofacial trauma: a retrospective review of 127 cases. Ind J Anesth 52:311–316
10.
Zurück zum Zitat W Hackl, K Hausberger, R Sailer, H Ulmer, R Gassner. Prevelance of cervical spine injuries in patients with facial trauma. Journal Of Oooo And Endodontology. Vol.92. No.4.October 2001. W Hackl, K Hausberger, R Sailer, H Ulmer, R Gassner. Prevelance of cervical spine injuries in patients with facial trauma. Journal Of Oooo And Endodontology. Vol.92. No.4.October 2001.
11.
Zurück zum Zitat A Kyrigidis, G Koloutsos, A Kommata, N Lazarides, K Antoniades. Incidence, aetiology, treatment outcome and complications of maxillofacial fractures. A retrospective study from Northern Greece. Journal Of Cranio-Maxillo Facial Surgery. 2013. (J.Jcms.2012.11.046.) Pages 1–7 A Kyrigidis, G Koloutsos, A Kommata, N Lazarides, K Antoniades. Incidence, aetiology, treatment outcome and complications of maxillofacial fractures. A retrospective study from Northern Greece. Journal Of Cranio-Maxillo Facial Surgery. 2013. (J.Jcms.2012.11.046.) Pages 1–7
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Wood E B, Freer T J. Incidence and aetiology of facial injuries resulting from motor vehicle accidents in Queensland for a three year period. Aust Dent J 2001;46;4;284–288 Wood E B, Freer T J. Incidence and aetiology of facial injuries resulting from motor vehicle accidents in Queensland for a three year period. Aust Dent J 2001;46;4;284–288
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Gassner R, Tuli T, Hachl O, Rudisch A, Ulmer H (2003 Feb) Cranio-maxillofacial trauma: a 10 year review of 9,543 cases with 21,067 injuries. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 31(1):51–61CrossRefPubMed Gassner R, Tuli T, Hachl O, Rudisch A, Ulmer H (2003 Feb) Cranio-maxillofacial trauma: a 10 year review of 9,543 cases with 21,067 injuries. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 31(1):51–61CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Gassner R, Tuli T, Hachl O (2004) Craniomaxillofacial trauma in children a review of 3385 cases with 6060 injuries in 10 years. JOral And Maxillofac Surg 62:399–407CrossRef Gassner R, Tuli T, Hachl O (2004) Craniomaxillofacial trauma in children a review of 3385 cases with 6060 injuries in 10 years. JOral And Maxillofac Surg 62:399–407CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Zachariades N, Koumoura F, Konsolaki-Agouridaki E (1990) Facial trauma in women resulting from violence by men. J Oral Maxillofacial Surgery 48:1250–1253CrossRef Zachariades N, Koumoura F, Konsolaki-Agouridaki E (1990) Facial trauma in women resulting from violence by men. J Oral Maxillofacial Surgery 48:1250–1253CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Kotecha S, Scanell J, Monaghan A, Williams R W. A four year retrospective study of 1062 patients presenting with maxillofacial emergencies at a specialist pediatric hospital. Br.J.Of Oral And Maxillofac Surg. 2007. 46; Pgs 293–296. Kotecha S, Scanell J, Monaghan A, Williams R W. A four year retrospective study of 1062 patients presenting with maxillofacial emergencies at a specialist pediatric hospital. Br.J.Of Oral And Maxillofac Surg. 2007. 46; Pgs 293–296.
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Shah A, Mushtaq MM, Qureshi ZR (2008) Frequency of mandibular fractures at the angle as a result of maxillofacial trauma. Pakistan Oral & Dental Journal 28(1):29–32 Shah A, Mushtaq MM, Qureshi ZR (2008) Frequency of mandibular fractures at the angle as a result of maxillofacial trauma. Pakistan Oral & Dental Journal 28(1):29–32
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Bormann K.H, Wild S, Gellrich NC, Kokemüller H, Stühmer C, Schmelzeisen R, Schön R. Five-year retrospective study of mandibular fractures in Freiburg, Germany: incidence, etiology, treatment and complications, J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009; 67:1251–1255 Bormann K.H, Wild S, Gellrich NC, Kokemüller H, Stühmer C, Schmelzeisen R, Schön R. Five-year retrospective study of mandibular fractures in Freiburg, Germany: incidence, etiology, treatment and complications, J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009; 67:1251–1255
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Hussaini, R, Nor GM, Aiidrus SM, Ramli R. Maxillofacial trauma with emphasis on soft tissue injuries in Malaysia. IntJ Of Oral And Maxillofacial Surg. 2007. 36; Pgs 797–801 Hussaini, R, Nor GM, Aiidrus SM, Ramli R. Maxillofacial trauma with emphasis on soft tissue injuries in Malaysia. IntJ Of Oral And Maxillofacial Surg. 2007. 36; Pgs 797–801
20.
Zurück zum Zitat EG Salentijin, B Van Der Bergh, T Forouzanfar. A ten year analysis of facial fractures. Journal Of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery. 2013. (J.Jcms2012.11.043) Pages 1–7. EG Salentijin, B Van Der Bergh, T Forouzanfar. A ten year analysis of facial fractures. Journal Of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery. 2013. (J.Jcms2012.11.043) Pages 1–7.
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Abbas I, Fayyaz M, Shah I, Khan MA, Hakeema S, Munir N, Bibi A, Abbasi M (2009) Demographic distribution of maxillofacial fractures in Ayub teaching hospital: a 7 year review. J Ayub Medical Coll Abottabad 21:2 Abbas I, Fayyaz M, Shah I, Khan MA, Hakeema S, Munir N, Bibi A, Abbasi M (2009) Demographic distribution of maxillofacial fractures in Ayub teaching hospital: a 7 year review. J Ayub Medical Coll Abottabad 21:2
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Shahim FN, Cameron P, Neil MC (2006) Maxillofacial trauma in major trauma patients. Aust Dent J 51(3):225–230CrossRefPubMed Shahim FN, Cameron P, Neil MC (2006) Maxillofacial trauma in major trauma patients. Aust Dent J 51(3):225–230CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat ZJ Andreas, S Benoif, L Oliver, S Nikola, T Hanna, L Tateyuki. Incidence, aetiology and pattern of mandibular fractures in Central Switzerland. Swiss Med Wkly, May, 2011; 141:W13207 ZJ Andreas, S Benoif, L Oliver, S Nikola, T Hanna, L Tateyuki. Incidence, aetiology and pattern of mandibular fractures in Central Switzerland. Swiss Med Wkly, May, 2011; 141:W13207
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Zargar M, Alikhaji MK, Reza M (2004) An epidemiological study of facial injuries during a 13 month of trauma registry in Tehran. Ind J Of Medical Sciences 58:3 Zargar M, Alikhaji MK, Reza M (2004) An epidemiological study of facial injuries during a 13 month of trauma registry in Tehran. Ind J Of Medical Sciences 58:3
25.
Zurück zum Zitat P Gomes, L Augusto, J Ricardo. A 5 year retrospective study of zygomatico-orbital complex fractures and zygomatic arch fractures in Sao Paulo Brazil. J Of Oral And Maxillofac Surg. 2006.64; Pgs 63–67 P Gomes, L Augusto, J Ricardo. A 5 year retrospective study of zygomatico-orbital complex fractures and zygomatic arch fractures in Sao Paulo Brazil. J Of Oral And Maxillofac Surg. 2006.64; Pgs 63–67
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Al-Qamachi LH, Laverick S, Jones DC (2012) A clinico-demographic analysis of maxillofacial trauma in the elderly. Gerodontology Society 29:147–149CrossRef Al-Qamachi LH, Laverick S, Jones DC (2012) A clinico-demographic analysis of maxillofacial trauma in the elderly. Gerodontology Society 29:147–149CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Gerbera B, Ahmad N, Parmarc S (2009) Trends in maxillofacial injuries in women. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 47:374–377CrossRef Gerbera B, Ahmad N, Parmarc S (2009) Trends in maxillofacial injuries in women. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 47:374–377CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat F Roccia, F Bianchi, E Za, VA Ttero, GT Anteri, G Ramieri. Characteristics of maxillofacial trauma in females: a retrospective analysis of 367 patients. J Craniomaxillofac Surg (2010) 38, Pgs 314–319. F Roccia, F Bianchi, E Za, VA Ttero, GT Anteri, G Ramieri. Characteristics of maxillofacial trauma in females: a retrospective analysis of 367 patients. J Craniomaxillofac Surg (2010) 38, Pgs 314–319.
29.
Zurück zum Zitat H E A Ahmed, MA Jaber, SH Abu, M Karas. The pattern of maxillofacial fractures in Sharjah Uae.: a review of 230 cases. J Of Oooo And Endodontology. 2004. 98;2; Pg 166–270. H E A Ahmed, MA Jaber, SH Abu, M Karas. The pattern of maxillofacial fractures in Sharjah Uae.: a review of 230 cases. J Of Oooo And Endodontology. 2004. 98;2; Pg 166–270.
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Nicole M, Eggensperger A. Pediatric craniofacial trauma. J Oral And Maxillofacial Surg. 2008. 66; Pgs 58–64. Nicole M, Eggensperger A. Pediatric craniofacial trauma. J Oral And Maxillofacial Surg. 2008. 66; Pgs 58–64.
31.
Zurück zum Zitat P Malara, B Malara, J Drugacz. Characteristics of maxillofacial injuires resulting from road traffic accidents—a 5 year review of case records in Poland. Head And Face Medicine, August 2006. P Malara, B Malara, J Drugacz. Characteristics of maxillofacial injuires resulting from road traffic accidents—a 5 year review of case records in Poland. Head And Face Medicine, August 2006.
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Petersons principle of oral and maxillofacial surgery. Ii Edition. 2004. Petersons principle of oral and maxillofacial surgery. Ii Edition. 2004.
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Chandrashekhar BR, Reddy CVK (2008) A five-year retrospective statistical analysis of maxillofacial injuries in patients admitted and treated at two hospitals of Mysore City. Indian J Dent Res 19:304–308CrossRef Chandrashekhar BR, Reddy CVK (2008) A five-year retrospective statistical analysis of maxillofacial injuries in patients admitted and treated at two hospitals of Mysore City. Indian J Dent Res 19:304–308CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat IB Kar, Mahavoi BR. Retrospective analysis of 503 maxillofacial trauma cases in Odisha. Journal Of Maxillofacial Oral Surg. 2012. June 11;(2); Pgs 177–181 IB Kar, Mahavoi BR. Retrospective analysis of 503 maxillofacial trauma cases in Odisha. Journal Of Maxillofacial Oral Surg. 2012. June 11;(2); Pgs 177–181
35.
Zurück zum Zitat G Kostakis, G Gikins, G Rahis. An epidemiological analysis of 1142 maxillofacial fractures and concomitant injuries. Journal Of Oooo And Endodontology. Nov 2012. Vol. 114. No.55. G Kostakis, G Gikins, G Rahis. An epidemiological analysis of 1142 maxillofacial fractures and concomitant injuries. Journal Of Oooo And Endodontology. Nov 2012. Vol. 114. No.55.
36.
Zurück zum Zitat B Erol, RT Anrikulu, B Gorgun. Maxillofacial fractures. Analysis of demographic distribution and treatment in 2901 patients. J Of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery(2004)32, Pg. 308–313. B Erol, RT Anrikulu, B Gorgun. Maxillofacial fractures. Analysis of demographic distribution and treatment in 2901 patients. J Of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery(2004)32, Pg. 308–313.
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Rajendra PB, Mathew TP, Agrawal A (2009) Sabharawal characteristics of associated craniofacial trauma in patients with head injuries: an experience with 100 cases. J Emerg Trauma Shock 2:89–94CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Rajendra PB, Mathew TP, Agrawal A (2009) Sabharawal characteristics of associated craniofacial trauma in patients with head injuries: an experience with 100 cases. J Emerg Trauma Shock 2:89–94CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Steidler NE, Cook RM, Reade PC (1980) Residual complications in patients with major middle third facial fractures. Int J Oral Surgery 9:259–266CrossRef Steidler NE, Cook RM, Reade PC (1980) Residual complications in patients with major middle third facial fractures. Int J Oral Surgery 9:259–266CrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat JL Munante-Cardenas, S Olate, L Aspirano, JR De Albergaria Barbosa, M De Moraes, RWF Moreira. Pattern and treatment of facial trauma in pediatric and adolescent patients. The Journal Of Craniofacial Surgery. July 2012. Vol 22. No.4 JL Munante-Cardenas, S Olate, L Aspirano, JR De Albergaria Barbosa, M De Moraes, RWF Moreira. Pattern and treatment of facial trauma in pediatric and adolescent patients. The Journal Of Craniofacial Surgery. July 2012. Vol 22. No.4
Metadaten
Titel
Incidence and patterns of maxillofacial trauma—a retrospective analysis of 3611 patients—an update
verfasst von
P. Manodh
D. Prabhu Shankar
Devadoss Pradeep
Rajan Santhosh
Aparna Murugan
Publikationsdatum
23.09.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery / Ausgabe 4/2016
Print ISSN: 1865-1550
Elektronische ISSN: 1865-1569
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10006-016-0576-z

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2016

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 4/2016 Zur Ausgabe

Update Chirurgie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

S3-Leitlinie „Diagnostik und Therapie des Karpaltunnelsyndroms“

CME: 2 Punkte

Prof. Dr. med. Gregor Antoniadis Das Karpaltunnelsyndrom ist die häufigste Kompressionsneuropathie peripherer Nerven. Obwohl die Anamnese mit dem nächtlichen Einschlafen der Hand (Brachialgia parästhetica nocturna) sehr typisch ist, ist eine klinisch-neurologische Untersuchung und Elektroneurografie in manchen Fällen auch eine Neurosonografie erforderlich. Im Anfangsstadium sind konservative Maßnahmen (Handgelenksschiene, Ergotherapie) empfehlenswert. Bei nicht Ansprechen der konservativen Therapie oder Auftreten von neurologischen Ausfällen ist eine Dekompression des N. medianus am Karpaltunnel indiziert.

Prof. Dr. med. Gregor Antoniadis
Berufsverband der Deutschen Chirurgie e.V.

S2e-Leitlinie „Distale Radiusfraktur“

CME: 2 Punkte

Dr. med. Benjamin Meyknecht, PD Dr. med. Oliver Pieske Das Webinar S2e-Leitlinie „Distale Radiusfraktur“ beschäftigt sich mit Fragen und Antworten zu Diagnostik und Klassifikation sowie Möglichkeiten des Ausschlusses von Zusatzverletzungen. Die Referenten erläutern, welche Frakturen konservativ behandelt werden können und wie. Das Webinar beantwortet die Frage nach aktuellen operativen Therapiekonzepten: Welcher Zugang, welches Osteosynthesematerial? Auf was muss bei der Nachbehandlung der distalen Radiusfraktur geachtet werden?

PD Dr. med. Oliver Pieske
Dr. med. Benjamin Meyknecht
Berufsverband der Deutschen Chirurgie e.V.

S1-Leitlinie „Empfehlungen zur Therapie der akuten Appendizitis bei Erwachsenen“

CME: 2 Punkte

Dr. med. Mihailo Andric
Inhalte des Webinars zur S1-Leitlinie „Empfehlungen zur Therapie der akuten Appendizitis bei Erwachsenen“ sind die Darstellung des Projektes und des Erstellungswegs zur S1-Leitlinie, die Erläuterung der klinischen Relevanz der Klassifikation EAES 2015, die wissenschaftliche Begründung der wichtigsten Empfehlungen und die Darstellung stadiengerechter Therapieoptionen.

Dr. med. Mihailo Andric
Berufsverband der Deutschen Chirurgie e.V.