Background
Methods
Study design and participants
Measures
Health outcomes
Exposures
Demographic factors
Socioeconomic factors
Environmental factors
Statistical analysis
Ethical approval
Consent
Results
ORiEL study sample at 2012 baseline | 2011 census in ORiEL catchment areaa | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | N | % | |
Gender
b
| ||||
Male | 1756 | 56.6 | 6205 | 50.9 |
Ethnic group
c
| ||||
White: UK | 598 | 19.5 | 13328 | 24.0 |
White: Other | 399 | 13.0 | 4454 | 7.4 |
White: Mixed | 380 | 12.4 | 4648 | 7.7 |
Asian: Indian | 108 | 3.5 | 2846 | 4.2 |
Asian: Pakistani | 130 | 4.2 | 2888 | 4.1 |
Asian: Bangladeshi | 508 | 16.6 | 12976 | 22.4 |
Asian: Other | 27 | 0.9 | 1943 | 3.0 |
Black: Caribbean | 147 | 4.8 | 2772 | 4.6 |
Black: African | 364 | 11.9 | 8666 | 14.3 |
Black: Other | 242 | 7.9 | 2511 | 4.2 |
Other | 163 | 5.3 | 2392 | 4.0 |
Nativity
c
| ||||
Born overseas | 628 | 20.7 | 26697 | 12.2 |
Borough
b
| ||||
Newham | 895 | 28.8 | 3,967 | 32.7 |
Tower Hamlets | 807 | 26.0 | 2,771 | 22.8 |
Barking & Dagenham | 670 | 21.6 | 2,559 | 21.1 |
Hackney | 733 | 23.6 | 2,839 | 23.4 |
Economic Activity
d
| ||||
Both unemployed | 279 | 10.4 | 23536 | 11.7 |
One parent employed | 941 | 35.07 | 67187 | 33.4 |
Both parents employed | 1054 | 39.28 | 61638 | 30.6 |
Lone parent employed | 235 | 8.76 | 23145 | 11.5 |
Lone parent unemployed | 174 | 6.49 | 25917 | 12.9 |
Full sample(N)Unadjusted meanc | Analytic sample(N = 1689)Unadjusted mean | Analytic sample(N = 1689)Fully adjusted mean(95%CI)d | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic factors
| ||||
Gender
| ||||
†Male | 51.6 (1692) | 52.3 (898) | 52.3 | [51.7,52.9] |
Female | 50.5 (1293)*** | 50.8 (791)*** | 50.8*** | [50.2,51.4] |
Ethnic group
| ||||
†White: UK | 51.0 (579) | 51.4 (352) | 51.3 | [50.4,52.3] |
White: Mixed | 50.9 (362) | 51.3 (183) | 51.4 | [50.1,52.6] |
Asian: Indian | 51.6 (106) | 52.6 (71) | 52.5 | [50.5,54.5] |
Asian: Pakistani | 49.8 (125) | 49.9 (78) | 50.4 | [48.5,52.4] |
Asian: Bangladeshi | 50.9 (500) | 51.5 (335) | 51.3 | [50.3,52.3] |
Black: Caribbean | 52.6 (138) | 52.6 (65) | 52.7 | [50.6,54.8] |
Black: African | 52.0 (342) | 51.8 (172) | 51.7 | [50.4,53.0] |
Other | 51.1 (803) | 51.9 (433) | 52.0 | [51.1,52.8] |
Nativity
| ||||
†UK Born | 51.1 (2344) | 51.6 (1376) | 51.6 | [51.2,52.1] |
Born overseas | 51.3 (595) | 51.6 (313) | 51.5 | [50.5,52.5] |
Borough
| ||||
†Newham | 50.3 (856) | 50.7 (421) | 50.8 | [50.0,51.6] |
Tower Hamlets | 51.7 (790)** | 51.9 (476)* | 51.9 | [51.1,52.7] |
Barking & Dagenham | 51.7 (641)** | 52.1 (414)* | 52.5* | [51.6,53.3] |
Hackney | 51.1 (698) | 51.5 (378) | 51.1 | [50.2,52.0] |
Socioeconomic factors
| ||||
Parental economic activity
| ||||
†Both unemployed | 50.7 (273) | 50.8 (185) | 51.0 | [49.6,52.4] |
One parent employed | 51.1 (920) | 51.7 (580) | 51.9 | [51.2,52.6] |
Both parents employed | 51.7 (1020) | 51.9 (665) | 51.5 | [50.7,52.2] |
Lone parent employed | 50.4 (229) | 50.6 (144) | 50.7 | [49.3,52.2] |
Lone parent unemployed | 52.0 (171) | 52.3 (100) | 53.2* | [51.5,55.0] |
Doesn’t live with parents | 47.6 (28) | 49.3 (15) | 49.5 | [45.0,54.0] |
Family affluence
a
| ||||
†Low | 50.2 (302) | 50.1 (179) | 50.0 | [48.8,51.3] |
Moderate | 50.8 (1527) | 51.3 (906) | 51.3* | [50.8,51.9] |
High | 51.9 (1034)** | 52.5 (604)* | 52.5** | [51.8,53.2] |
Free school meals
| ||||
†No meals | 51.3 (1758) | 51.7 (1100) | 51.6 | [51.0,52.1] |
Receives free meals | 50.8 (1173) | 51.4 (589) | 51.6 | [50.8,52.4] |
Environmental factors
| ||||
Neighbourhood safety
b
| ||||
†Safe | 52.8 (619) | 53.3 (456) | 52.4 | [51.6,53.2] |
Mixed | 51.7 (762)* | 51.8 (573) * | 51.7 | [51.0,52.4] |
Not safe | 50.0 (942) *** | 50.3 (660) *** | 50.9* | [50.2,51.6] |
Neighbourhood aesthetics
b
| ||||
†Pleasant | 53.8 (554) | 53.8 (439) | 53.6 | [52.7,54.4] |
Mixed | 51.7 (676)*** | 52.0 (508)*** | 51.9** | [51.2,52.7] |
Unpleasant | 49.8 (1050)*** | 50.0 (742)*** | 50.2** | [49.5,50.8] |
Neighbourhood walk-cycleability
b
| ||||
†Easy to walk/cycle | 52.8 (478) | 53.1 (367) | 53.2 | [52.3,54.1] |
Mixed | 50.8 (616)*** | 51.0 (487)*** | 51.2** | [50.5,52.0] |
Not easy to walk/cycle | 51.3 (1067)*** | 51.3 (835)** | 51.1** | [50.5,51.7] |
Proximity to businesses & services
b
| ||||
†Close by | 52.8 (626) | 53.0 (480) | 52.7 | [52.0,53.5] |
Mixed | 51.6 (809)* | 51.9 (581)* | 52.0 | [51.3,52.7] |
Far away | 50.4 (890)*** | 50.2 (628)*** | 50.3** | [49.7,51.0] |
Likelihood ratio test v linear regression | p = 1.00 |
Full sample(N)Prevalence%c | Analytic sample(N = 1641)Prevalence% | Analytic sample(N = 1641)Fully adjusted odds ratio(95%CI)d | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic factors
| ||||
Gender
| ||||
†Male | 18.4 (1584) | 16.2 (872) | 1.00 | - |
Female | 27.5 (1237)*** | 27.4 (769)*** | 2.06*** | [1.60,2.65] |
Ethnic group
| ||||
†White: UK | 24.8 (552) | 25.2 (345) | 1.00 | - |
White: Mixed | 24.2 (343) | 25 (180) | 1.04 | [0.67,1.63] |
Asian: Indian | 15.8 (101) | 11.8 (68)* | 0.41* | [0.18,0.91] |
Asian: Pakistani | 24.6 (122) | 23.7 (76) | 0.82 | [0.44,1.53] |
Asian: Bangladeshi | 18.5 (487)* | 17.5 (326)* | 0.66 | [0.43,1.03] |
Black: Caribbean | 20.7 (135) | 24.2 (66) | 1.07 | [0.56,2.05] |
Black: African | 21.1 (313) | 19.1 (162) | 0.79 | [0.48,1.29] |
Other | 23.8 (741) | 21.5 (418) | 0.88 | [0.61,1.27] |
Nativity
| ||||
†UK Born | 22.3 (2222) | 21.7 (1337) | 1.00 | - |
Born overseas | 22.2 (554) | 20.4 (304) | 1.02 | [0.73,1.45] |
Borough
| ||||
†Newham | 24.5 (795) | 22.9 (406) | 1.00 | - |
Tower Hamlets | 19.3 (751)* | 19.3 (466) | 0.78 | [0.54,1.14] |
Barking & Dagenham | 24.4 (607) | 23 (400) | 0.91 | [0.62,1.34] |
Hackney | 21.6 (668) | 20.9 (369) | 0.80 | [0.54,1.19] |
Socioeconomic factors
| ||||
Parental economic activity
| ||||
†Both unemployed | 25.6 (262) | 23.1 (182) | 1.00 | - |
One parent employed | 21.5 (871) | 21.8 (559) | 0.84 | [0.53,1.33] |
Both parents employed | 21.2 (970) | 20.4 (652) | 0.72 | [0.43,1.20] |
Lone parent employed | 25.3 (217) | 22.3 (139) | 0.71 | [0.39,1.31] |
Lone parent unemployed | 20.9 (163) | 18.8 (96) | 0.52 | [0.27,1.00] |
Doesn’t live with parent | 29.6 (27) | 46.2 (13) | 2.23 | [0.67,7.41] |
Family affluence
a
| ||||
†Low | 25.3 (273) | 25.5 (165) | 1.00 | - |
Moderate | 22.4 (1459) | 21.6 (885) | 0.83 | [0.55,1.24] |
High | 21.4 (967) | 20.1 (591) | 0.73 | [0.47,1.13] |
Free school meals
| ||||
†No meals | 21.6 (1667) | 21.3 (1074) | 1.00 | - |
Receives free meals | 23.3 (1106) | 21.7 (567) | 0.91 | [0.66,1.25] |
Environmental factors
| ||||
Neighbourhood safety
b
| ||||
†Safe | 16.1 (597) | 15.5 (446) | 1.00 | - |
Mixed | 19.7 (731) | 18.9 (556) | 1.06 | [0.75,1.51] |
Not safe | 29.3 (895)*** | 27.9 (639)*** | 1.53* | [1.08,2.17] |
Neighbourhood aesthetics
b
| ||||
†Pleasant | 15.8 (537) | 13.8 (427) | 1.00 | - |
Mixed | 19.5 (647) | 19.3 (493)* | 1.41 | [0.97,2.05] |
Unpleasant | 28.2 (997)*** | 27.5 (721)*** | 2.09*** | [1.46,2.99] |
Neighbourhood walk-cycleability
b
| ||||
†Easy to walk/cycle | 21.4 (454) | 20.6 (350) | 1.00 | - |
Mixed | 23.8 (589) | 23 (470) | 1.12 | [0.79,1.59] |
Not easy to walk/cycle | 21.5 (1039) | 21 (821) | 1.09 | [0.79,1.51] |
Proximity to businesses & services
b
| ||||
†Close by | 20.1 (602) | 20 (465) | 1.00 | - |
Mixed | 19.8 (774) | 19.7 (563) | 0.93 | [0.67,1.28] |
Far away | 25.7 (860)* | 24.1 (613) | 1.17 | [0.86,1.60] |
Likelihood ratio test v logistic regression | p = 0.31 |
Full sample(N)Unadjusted meanc | Analytic sample(N = 1060)Unadjusted meane | Analytic sample(N = 1060)Fully adjusted mean(95%CI)d | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic factors
| ||||
Gender
| ||||
†Male | 14.4 (1068) | 14 (550) | 14.0 | [13.3,14.8] |
Female | 12.8 (872)*** | 12.6 (510)* | 12.6* | [11.8,13.4] |
Ethnic group
| ||||
†White: UK | 13.6 (378) | 13.4 (231) | 13.5 | [12.2,14.7] |
White: Mixed | 15 (232) | 13.8 (111) | 13.8 | [12.0,15.5] |
Asian: Indian | 16.7 (71)* | 17.8 (49)* | 17.6* | [15.0,20.3] |
Asian: Pakistani | 12.8 (87) | 12.2 (48) | 12.2 | [9.6,14.9] |
Asian: Bangladeshi | 12.3 (355) | 12.3 (233) | 12.4 | [11.1,13.8] |
Black: Caribbean | 13 (89) | 14.4 (39) | 14.8 | [11.9,17.8] |
Black: African | 13.7 (212) | 13.1 (91) | 13.0 | [11.1,15.0] |
Other | 14 (498) | 13.4 (258) | 13.2 | [12.0,14.4] |
Nativity
| ||||
†UK Born | 13.6 (1515) | 13.2 (878) | 13.2 | [12.5,13.8] |
Born overseas | 13.9 (386) | 13.9 (182) | 14.3 | [12.8,15.7] |
Borough
| ||||
†Newham | 13.8 (567) | 13.7 (266) | 13.5 | [12.4,14.6] |
Tower Hamlets | 13.5 (530) | 12.4 (315) | 12.6 | [11.5,13.7] |
Barking & Dagenham | 13.5 (410) | 13.7 (257) | 14.0 | [12.8,15.1] |
Hackney | 14 (433) | 13.9 (222) | 13.5 | [12.2,14.8] |
Socioeconomic factors
| ||||
Parental economic activity
| ||||
†Both unemployed | 13.4 (195) | 13.3 (131) | 14.1 | [12.2,16.0] |
One parent employed | 13.8 (600) | 13.3 (361) | 13.7 | [12.7,14.7] |
Both parents employed | 13.7 (643) | 13.2 (412) | 12.6 | [11.6,13.7] |
Lone parent employed | 13.7 (137) | 13.9 (80) | 13.7 | [11.7,15.8] |
Lone parent unemployed | 13.3 (119) | 13.5 (70) | 13.8 | [11.4,16.1] |
Doesn’t live with parents | 16.8 (16) | 14.9 (6) | 13.5 | [6.0,21.0] |
Family affluence
a
| ||||
†Low | 11.6 (223) | 11.1 (132) | 10.9 | [9.2,12.5] |
Moderate | 13.4 (1001)* | 13.1 (572)* | 13.1* | [12.4,13.9] |
High | 15.1 (623)** | 14.6 (356)*** | 14.6** | [13.6,15.6] |
Free school meals
| ||||
†No meals | 13.7 (1164) | 13.2 (700) | 13.1 | [12.4,13.9] |
Receives free meals | 13.8 (739) | 13.6 (360) | 13.8 | [12.6,14.9] |
Environmental Factors
| ||||
Neighbourhood safety
b
| ||||
†Safe | 13.4 (393) | 13.3 (282) | 13.4 | [12.2,14.5] |
Mixed | 13.7 (491) | 13.5 (370) | 13.4 | [12.5,14.4] |
Not safe | 13.4 (587) | 13.2 (408) | 13.3 | [12.3,14.2] |
Neighbourhood aesthetics
b
| ||||
†Pleasant | 13.6 (343) | 13.5 (271) | 13.6 | [12.5,14.8] |
Mixed | 13.3 (437) | 13.2 (322) | 13.2 | [12.1,14.2] |
Unpleasant | 13.7 (671) | 13.4 (467) | 13.3 | [12.4,14.2] |
Neighbourhood walk-cycleability
b
| ||||
†Easy to walk/cycle | 14.9 (277) | 15 (218) | 15.1 | [13.9,16.3] |
Mixed | 13.1 (397)* | 13.2 (310)* | 13.2* | [12.2,14.3] |
Not easy to walk/cycle | 13 (687)** | 12.7 (532)** | 12.7** | [11.9,13.5] |
Proximity to businesses & services
b
| ||||
†Close by | 14.4 (367) | 14.4 (286) | 14.4 | [13.3,15.5] |
Mixed | 12.6 (522)* | 12.6 (367)* | 12.6* | [11.7,13.6] |
Far away | 13.7 (567) | 13.3 (407) | 13.3 | [12.4,14.2] |
Likelihood ratio test v linear regression | p = 0.20 |
Full sample(N)Unadjusted meanc | Analytic sample(N = 1060)Unadjusted meane | Analytic sample(N = 1060)Fully adjusted mean(95%CI)d | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic factors
| ||||
Gender
| ||||
†Male | 29.7 (1068) | 33.2 (550) | 33.1 | [31.9,34.3] |
Female | 31.9 (872)** | 35.6 (510)** | 35.5** | [34.2,36.8] |
Ethnic group
| ||||
†White: UK | 31.8 (378) | 34.1 (231) | 33.9 | [32.0,35.8] |
White: Mixed | 29.3 (232) | 34.1 (111) | 34.1 | [31.4,36.8] |
Asian: Indian | 31.7 (71) | 34.8 (49) | 34.5 | [30.5,38.5] |
Asian: Pakistani | 29.6 (87) | 34.1 (48) | 34.1 | [30.0,38.2] |
Asian: Bangladeshi | 31.2 (355) | 33.4 (233) | 33.6 | [31.5,35.6] |
Black: Caribbean | 32.5 (89) | 36.1 (39) | 35.9 | [31.4,40.4] |
Black: African | 31 (212) | 37.4 (91) | 37.2 | [34.3,40.2] |
Other | 29.8 (498) | 34.1 (258) | 34.0 | [32.2,35.8] |
Nativity
| ||||
†UK Born | 31.4 (1515) | 34.4 (878) | 34.5 | [33.5,35.5] |
Born overseas | 28.9 (386) | 34.2 (182) | 33.3 | [31.1,35.5] |
Borough
| ||||
†Newham | 29.7 (567) | 35 (266) | 35.2 | [33.3,37.0] |
Tower Hamlets | 31.7 (530)* | 34.1 (315) | 34.3 | [32.6,36.1] |
Barking & Dagenham | 30.3 (410) | 33.9 (257) | 33.5 | [31.6,35.4] |
Hackney | 31.3 (433) | 34.3 (222) | 34.0 | [31.9,36.0] |
Socioeconomic factors
| ||||
Parental economic activity
| ||||
†Both unemployed | 31.7 (195) | 34.8 (131) | 34.2 | [31.3,37.2] |
One parent employed | 29.8 (600) | 33.3 (361) | 33.2 | [31.6,34.7] |
Both parents employed | 31.6 (643) | 35 (412) | 35.2 | [33.6,36.8] |
Lone parent employed | 33.3 (137) | 33.7 (80) | 33.9 | [30.7,37.1] |
Lone parent unemployed | 32.9 (119) | 35.9 (70) | 35.0 | [31.4,38.6] |
Doesn’t live with parents | 26.4 (16) | 32.5 (6) | 32.2 | [20.8,43.7] |
Family affluence
a
| ||||
†Low | 31.1 (223) | 33.9 (132) | 33.7 | [31.2,36.2] |
Moderate | 31.4 (1001) | 34.6 (572) | 34.5 | [33.3,35.7] |
High | 30.4 (623) | 34 (356) | 34.1 | [32.5,35.6] |
Free school meals
| ||||
†No meals | 31.3 (1164) | 34 (700) | 33.9 | [32.7,35.1] |
Receives free meals | 30 (739) | 35 (360) | 35.0 | [33.2,36.8] |
Environmental Factors
| ||||
Neighbourhood safety
b
| ||||
†Safe | 32.8 (393) | 33.5 (282) | 33.4 | [31.7,35.2] |
Mixed | 35 (491)* | 35.3 (370) | 35.3 | [33.8,36.8] |
Not safe | 33 (587) | 34 (408) | 33.9 | [32.4,35.4] |
Neighbourhood aesthetics
b
| ||||
†Pleasant | 34.1 (343) | 34.2 (271) | 34.2 | [32.4,36.0] |
Mixed | 33.3 (437) | 34.7 (322) | 34.7 | [33.1,36.3] |
Unpleasant | 33.3 (671) | 34.1 (467) | 34.0 | [32.6,35.4] |
Neighbourhood walk-cycleability
b
| ||||
†Easy to walk/cycle | 31.8 (277) | 32.9 (218) | 32.8 | [30.9,34.7] |
Mixed | 34.4 (397)* | 35 (310) | 34.7 | [33.1,36.4] |
Not easy to walk/cycle | 34 (687)* | 34.6 (532) | 34.6 | [33.3,35.8] |
Proximity to businesses & services
b
| ||||
†Close by | 32.9 (367) | 33.7 (286) | 33.7 | [32.0,35.4] |
Mixed | 33.6 (522) | 34.3 (367) | 34.0 | [32.6,35.5] |
Far away | 33.7 (567) | 34.8 (407) | 34.9 | [33.4,36.3] |
Likelihood ratio test v linear regression | p = <0.001 |
Full sample(N)Prevalence%c | Analytic sample(N = 1687)Prevalence% | Analytic sample(N = 1687)Fully adjusted odds ratio(95%CI)d | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic factors
| ||||
Gender
| ||||
†Male | 21.8 (1723) | 20.6 (899) | 1.00 | - |
Female | 26.8 (1315)** | 28.6 (788)*** | 1.67*** | [1.32,2.12] |
Ethnic group
| ||||
†White: UK | 19 (590) | 20.2 (351) | 1.00 | - |
White: Mixed | 25.5 (373)* | 25.4 (185) | 1.41 | [0.90,2.20] |
Asian: Indian | 21.3 (108) | 21.1 (71) | 1.18 | [0.61,2.27] |
Asian: Pakistani | 25.8 (128) | 26.3 (76) | 1.37 | [0.75,2.51] |
Asian: Bangladeshi | 30.5 (501)** | 29.9 (334)** | 1.65* | [1.10,2.48] |
Black: Caribbean | 22.2 (144) | 22.4 (67) | 1.29 | [0.67,2.51] |
Black: African | 24.5 (355)* | 27.4 (175)* | 1.81* | [1.15,2.86] |
Other | 23.2 (810)* | 22 (428) | 1.33 | [0.91,1.93] |
Nativity
| ||||
†UK Born | 25 (2372) | 25.4 (1372) | 1.00 | - |
Born overseas | 19.5 (614)** | 19.7 (315)* | 0.64** | [0.46,0.90] |
Borough
| ||||
†Newham | 25.8 (875) | 28.8 (420) | 1.00 | - |
Tower Hamlets | 27.4 (793) | 27.9 (476) | 0.87 | [0.62,1.21] |
Barking & Dagenham | 21.5 (657)* | 21 (415)** | 0.64* | [0.45,0.91] |
Hackney | 20.2 (713)** | 18.4 (376)*** | 0.53** | [0.36,0.77] |
Socioeconomic factors
| ||||
Parental economic activity
| ||||
†Both unemployed | 28.8 (278) | 29 (186) | 1.00 | - |
One parent employed | 25 (929) | 24.7 (575) | 0.81 | [0.53,1.25] |
Both parents employed | 20.9 (1036)** | 21.5 (671)* | 0.82 | [0.51,1.31] |
Lone parent employed | 21.6 (227) | 22.9 (140) | 0.85 | [0.47,1.52] |
Lone parent unemployed | 28.1 (171) | 30 (100) | 1.06 | [0.60,1.87] |
Doesn’t live with parent | 41.4 (29) | 53.3 (15) | 3.80 | [1.24,11.66] |
Family affluence
a
| ||||
†Low | 25.6 (308) | 26.3 (179) | 1.00 | - |
Moderate | 24.7 (1548) | 25.5 (909) | 1.05 | [0.71,1.54] |
High | 22.6 (1048) | 21.9 (599) | 0.99 | [0.65,1.50] |
Free school meals
| ||||
†No meals | 22.2 (1783) | 22.7 (1103) | 1.00 | - |
Receives free meals | 26.6 (1197)** | 27.4 (584)* | 1.01 | [0.75,1.37] |
Environmental Factors
| ||||
Neighbourhood safety
b
| ||||
†Safe | 18.6 (625) | 18.7 (460) | 1.00 | - |
Mixed | 24.5 (758)** | 24.6 (568)* | 1.31 | [0.95,1.80] |
Not safe | 27.7 (949)*** | 27.9 (659)*** | 1.45* | [1.04,2.01] |
Neighbourhood aesthetics
b
| ||||
†Pleasant | 20.1 (551) | 20.5 (435) | 1.00 | - |
Mixed | 20.9 (681) | 20.7 (513) | 1.01 | [0.73,1.41] |
Unpleasant | 28 (1056)*** | 29.1 (739)** | 1.45* | [1.06,1.99] |
Neighbourhood walk-cycleability
b
| ||||
†Easy to walk/cycle | 19.8 (475) | 20.1 (364) | 1.00 | - |
Mixed | 24.9 (618)* | 25.1 (486) | 1.32 | [0.94,1.86] |
Not easy to walk/cycle | 25.7 (1076)* | 25.7 (837)* | 1.51* | [1.10,2.07] |
Proximity to businesses & services
b
| ||||
†Close by | 21 (629) | 20.2 (476) | 1.00 | - |
Mixed | 23 (816) | 23.4 (582) | 1.13 | [0.83,1.53] |
Far away | 27.9 (896)** | 28.3 (629)** | 1.51** | [1.12,2.04] |
Likelihood ratio test v logistic regression | p = 0.47 |
Full sample(N)Prevalencec | Analytic sample(N = 1689)Prevalence% | Analytic sample(N = 1689)Fully adjusted odds ratio(95%CI)d | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic factors
| ||||
Gender
| ||||
†Male | 42.1 (1694) | 40.9 (898) | 1.00 | - |
Female | 42.6 (1310) | 41 (791) | 1.02 | [0.84,1.25] |
Ethnic group
| ||||
†White: UK | 42.8 (584) | 38.6 (352) | 1.00 | - |
White: Mixed | 48.4 (364) | 50.5 (184)* | 1.75** | [1.20,2.54] |
Asian: Indian | 40.2 (107) | 36.6 (71) | 1.03 | [0.59,1.79] |
Asian: Pakistani | 48 (127) | 42.1 (76) | 1.18 | [0.70,2.01] |
Asian: Bangladeshi | 39.9 (499) | 38.3 (334) | 1.01 | [0.72,1.44] |
Black: Caribbean | 51.1 (139) | 52.2 (67)* | 1.87* | [1.09,3.22] |
Black: African | 31.5 (349)* | 32.8 (174) | 0.87 | [0.58,1.31] |
Other | 43 (805) | 42.7 (431) | 1.36* | [1.00,1.86] |
Nativity
| ||||
†UK Born | 43.2 (2342) | 42.1 (1372) | 1.00 | - |
Born overseas | 38 (610)* | 36 (317)* | 0.77 | [0.58,1.02] |
Borough
| ||||
†Newham | 42.3 (863) | 41.3 (421) | 1.00 | - |
Tower Hamlets | 43.1 (789) | 41.7 (477) | 1.02 | [0.76,1.37] |
Barking & Dagenham | 41.9 (642) | 40.8 (414) | 0.98 | [0.73,1.33] |
Hackney | 42 (710) | 39.5 (377) | 0.81 | [0.59,1.11] |
Socioeconomic factors
| ||||
Parental economic activity
| ||||
†Both unemployed | 44.4 (277) | 39.8 (186) | 1.00 | - |
One parent employed | 41.8 (922) | 40.1 (574) | 0.99 | [0.67,1.45] |
Both parents employed | 41.3 (1024) | 41.3 (671) | 1.00 | [0.65,1.53] |
Lone parent employed | 41.9 (229) | 40.6 (143) | 0.95 | [0.58,1.58] |
Lone parent unemployed | 46.2 (171) | 46 (100) | 1.21 | [0.72,2.01] |
Doesn’t live with parent | 41.4 (29) | 40 (15) | 0.92 | [0.0,2.81] |
Family affluence
a
| ||||
†Low | 39.3 (303) | 39.3 (178) | 1.00 | - |
Moderate | 43.2 (1534) | 42.2 (912) | 1.15 | [0.82,1.61] |
High | 41 (1034) | 39.4 (599) | 0.99 | [0.69,1.42] |
Free school meals
| ||||
†No meals | 41.5 (1755) | 41.1 (1101) | 1.00 | - |
Receives free meals | 43.2 (1188) | 40.6 (588) | 0.89 | [0.68,1.16] |
Environmental factors
| ||||
Neighbourhood safety
b
| ||||
†Safe | 38.2 (621) | 38 (460) | 1.00 | - |
Mixed | 39.2 (755) | 36.7 (570) | 0.94 | [0.72,1.22] |
Not safe | 47.3 (942)* | 46.6 (659)** | 1.35* | [1.03,1.78] |
Neighbourhood aesthetics
b
| ||||
†Pleasant | 37.5 (550) | 36.6 (437) | 1.00 | - |
Mixed | 41.9 (677) | 40.5 (511) | 1.16 | [0.89,1.53] |
Unpleasant | 44.2 (1051)** | 43.7 (741)* | 1.17 | [0.89,1.54] |
Neighbourhood walk-cycleability
b
| ||||
†Easy to walk/cycle | 43 (474) | 43.1 (364) | 1.00 | - |
Mixed | 40.1 (614) | 39.2 (485) | 0.81 | [0.61,1.07] |
Not easy to walk/cycle | 41.1 (1074) | 41 (840) | 0.95 | [0.74,1.23] |
Proximity to businesses & services
b
| ||||
†Close by | 41.9 (626) | 39.9 (481) | 1.00 | - |
Mixed | 41.6 (806) | 41.9 (580) | 1.09 | [0.85,1.40] |
Far away | 42.9 (892) | 40.8 (628) | 1.02 | [0.79,1.31] |
Likelihood ratio test v logistic regression | p = 0.39 |
Mental health and well-being
Physical and sedentary activity
Self-rated general health
Longstanding illness
Has long term illnessa | Has depressive symptomsa | Mean WEMWBS scoreb | Mean hours sedentary activityb | Mean hours physical activityb | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fair/poor general health | 1.51 [1.20,1.92]*** | 2.17 [1.65,2.84]*** | −3.78 [−4.74, 2.81]*** | 1.85 [−0.18,3.88] | 0.25 [−1.09,1.58] |
Has longstanding illness | 1.59 [1.24,2.05]*** | −1.38 [−2.21, −0.55]** | 0.10 [−1.66,1.85] | 0.16 [−0.99,1.31] | |
Has depressive symptoms | −7.87 [−8.83, 6.91]*** | 2.38 [0.20,4.56] | −0.16 [−1.56,1.27] | ||
Mean WEMWBS score | - | 0.03 [−0.01,0.06] | 0.05 [−0.01,0.10] | ||
Mean hours sedentary activity | - | - | −0.21 [−0.30,-0.12] |