4. Infektionen des zentralen Nervensystems und Sepsis

Zurück zum Zitat American Thoracic Society; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Infectious Diseases Society of America (2005) American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America: controlling tuberculosis in the United States. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 172(9):1169–1227 American Thoracic Society; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Infectious Diseases Society of America (2005) American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America: controlling tuberculosis in the United States. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 172(9):1169–1227

Zurück zum Zitat ARISE Investigators; ANZICS clinical trial group, Peake SL, Delaney A. Bailey M, Bellomo R, Cameron PA, Cooper DJ, Higgins AM, Holdgate A, Howe BD, Webb SA, Williams P (2014) Goal-directed resuscitation for patients with early septic shock N Engl J Med 371(16):1496–1506CrossRefPubMed ARISE Investigators; ANZICS clinical trial group, Peake SL, Delaney A. Bailey M, Bellomo R, Cameron PA, Cooper DJ, Higgins AM, Holdgate A, Howe BD, Webb SA, Williams P (2014) Goal-directed resuscitation for patients with early septic shock N Engl J Med 371(16):1496–1506CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Arlotti M, Grossi P, Pea F, Tomei G, Vullo V, DeRosa FG, DiPerri G, Nicastri E, Lauria FN, Carosi G, Moroni M, Ippolito G, GISIG (Gruppo Italiano di Studio sulle Infezioni Gravi) Working Group on Brain Abscesses (2010) Consensus document on controversial issues for the treatment of infections of the central nervous system: bacterial brain abscesses. Int J Infect Dis 14 Suppl4:S79–92CrossRef Arlotti M, Grossi P, Pea F, Tomei G, Vullo V, DeRosa FG, DiPerri G, Nicastri E, Lauria FN, Carosi G, Moroni M, Ippolito G, GISIG (Gruppo Italiano di Studio sulle Infezioni Gravi) Working Group on Brain Abscesses (2010) Consensus document on controversial issues for the treatment of infections of the central nervous system: bacterial brain abscesses. Int J Infect Dis 14 Suppl4:S79–92CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Auburtin M, Wolff M, Charpentier J, Varon E, Le Tulzo Y, Girault C, Mohammedi J, Renard B, Mourvillier B, Bruneel F, Ricard JD, Timsit JF (2006) Detrimental role of delayed administration and penicillin-nonsusceptible strains in adult intensive care unit patients with pneumococcal meningitis: the PNEUMNOREA prospective multicenter study. Crit Care Med 34: 2758–65CrossRefPubMed Auburtin M, Wolff M, Charpentier J, Varon E, Le Tulzo Y, Girault C, Mohammedi J, Renard B, Mourvillier B, Bruneel F, Ricard JD, Timsit JF (2006) Detrimental role of delayed administration and penicillin-nonsusceptible strains in adult intensive care unit patients with pneumococcal meningitis: the PNEUMNOREA prospective multicenter study. Crit Care Med 34: 2758–65CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Brouwer MC, Coutinho JM, van de Beek D (2014) Clinical characteristics and outcome of brain abscess: systemic review and meta-analysis. Neurology 82(9):806CrossRefPubMed Brouwer MC, Coutinho JM, van de Beek D (2014) Clinical characteristics and outcome of brain abscess: systemic review and meta-analysis. Neurology 82(9):806CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Brouwer MC, McIntyre P, Prasad K, van de Beek D. Corticosteroids for acute bacterial meningitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; Baunbæk-Knudsen G, Sølling M, Farre A, Benfield T, Brandt CT (2015) Improved outcome of bacterial meningitis associated with use of corticosteroid treatment. Infect Dis 11:1–6 Brouwer MC, McIntyre P, Prasad K, van de Beek D. Corticosteroids for acute bacterial meningitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; Baunbæk-Knudsen G, Sølling M, Farre A, Benfield T, Brandt CT (2015) Improved outcome of bacterial meningitis associated with use of corticosteroid treatment. Infect Dis 11:1–6

Zurück zum Zitat Brouwer MC, Thwaites GE, Tunkel AR, van de Beek D (2012) Bacterial meningitis 1. Dilemmas in the diagnosis of acute community-acquired bacterial meningitis. Lancet 380: 1684–1692CrossRefPubMed Brouwer MC, Thwaites GE, Tunkel AR, van de Beek D (2012) Bacterial meningitis 1. Dilemmas in the diagnosis of acute community-acquired bacterial meningitis. Lancet 380: 1684–1692CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat De Baker D, Briston P, Devrient J, Madl C, Chochrad D, Aldecoa C, Brasseur A, Defrance P, Gottignies P, Vincent JL; SOAP II Investigators (2010) Comparison of dopamine and norepinephrine an the treatment of shock. N Engl J Med 362(9):779–789CrossRef De Baker D, Briston P, Devrient J, Madl C, Chochrad D, Aldecoa C, Brasseur A, Defrance P, Gottignies P, Vincent JL; SOAP II Investigators (2010) Comparison of dopamine and norepinephrine an the treatment of shock. N Engl J Med 362(9):779–789CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Ferrer R, Martin-Loeches I, Phillips G, Osborn TM, Townsend S, Dellinger RP, Artigas A, Schorr C, Levy MM (2014) Empiric antibiotic treatment reduces mortality in servere sepsis and septic shock from the first hour: results from a guideline-based performance improvement program. Crit Care Med 42(8):1749–1755CrossRefPubMed Ferrer R, Martin-Loeches I, Phillips G, Osborn TM, Townsend S, Dellinger RP, Artigas A, Schorr C, Levy MM (2014) Empiric antibiotic treatment reduces mortality in servere sepsis and septic shock from the first hour: results from a guideline-based performance improvement program. Crit Care Med 42(8):1749–1755CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Gaieski DF, Mikkelsen ME, Band RA Pines JM, Massone R, Furia FF, Shofer FS, Goyal M (2010) Impact of time to antibiotics on survival in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock in whom early goal-directed therapy was initiated in the emergency department. Crit Care Med 38:1045–1053CrossRefPubMed Gaieski DF, Mikkelsen ME, Band RA Pines JM, Massone R, Furia FF, Shofer FS, Goyal M (2010) Impact of time to antibiotics on survival in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock in whom early goal-directed therapy was initiated in the emergency department. Crit Care Med 38:1045–1053CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Glimaker M, Johansson B, Grindborg Ö, Bottai M, Lindquist L, Sjölin J (2015) Adult bacterial meningitis: earlier treatment and improved outcome following guideline revision promoting prompt lumbar puncture. Clin Infec Dis 60: 1162–9CrossRef Glimaker M, Johansson B, Grindborg Ö, Bottai M, Lindquist L, Sjölin J (2015) Adult bacterial meningitis: earlier treatment and improved outcome following guideline revision promoting prompt lumbar puncture. Clin Infec Dis 60: 1162–9CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Haase N, Ostrowski SR, Wetterslev J, Lange T, Moller MH, Tousi H, Steensen M, Pott F, Soe-Jensen P, Nielsen J, Hjortrup PB, Johanssen PI, Perner A (2015) Thromboelastography in patients with severe sepsis: a propective cohort study. Intensive Care Med 41(1):77–85CrossRefPubMed Haase N, Ostrowski SR, Wetterslev J, Lange T, Moller MH, Tousi H, Steensen M, Pott F, Soe-Jensen P, Nielsen J, Hjortrup PB, Johanssen PI, Perner A (2015) Thromboelastography in patients with severe sepsis: a propective cohort study. Intensive Care Med 41(1):77–85CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Helweg-Larsen J, Astradsson A, Richhall H, Erdal J, Laursen A, Brennum J (2012) Pyogenic brain abscess, a 15 year survey. BMC Infect Dis 12:332CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Helweg-Larsen J, Astradsson A, Richhall H, Erdal J, Laursen A, Brennum J (2012) Pyogenic brain abscess, a 15 year survey. BMC Infect Dis 12:332CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Zurück zum Zitat Hjalmarsson A, Blomqvist P, Sköldenberg B (2007) Herpes simplex encephalitis in Sweden, 1990–2001: incidence, morbidity, and mortality. Clin Infect Dis 45(7):875CrossRefPubMed Hjalmarsson A, Blomqvist P, Sköldenberg B (2007) Herpes simplex encephalitis in Sweden, 1990–2001: incidence, morbidity, and mortality. Clin Infect Dis 45(7):875CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Holst LB, Haase N, Wetterslev J, Wernerman J, Guttormsen AB, Karlsson S, Johansson PI, Aneman A, Vang ML, Winding R, Nebrich L, Nibro HL, Rasmussen BS, Lauridsen JR, Nielsen JS, Oldner A, Pettilä V, Cronhjort MB, Andersen LH, Pedersen UG, Reiter N, Wiies J, White JO, Russell L, Thornberg KJ, Hjortrup PB, Müller RG, Möller MH, Steensen M, Rjäder I, Kilsand K, Odeberg-Wernerman S, Sjobo B, Bundgaard H, Thyo MA, Lodahl D, Maerkdahl R, Albeck C, Illum D, Kruse M, Winkel P, Perner A; TRISS Trial Group; Scandinavian Critical Care Trials Group (2014) Lower versus higher hemoglobin threshold for transfusion in septic shock. N Engl J Med 371(15):1381–1391CrossRefPubMed Holst LB, Haase N, Wetterslev J, Wernerman J, Guttormsen AB, Karlsson S, Johansson PI, Aneman A, Vang ML, Winding R, Nebrich L, Nibro HL, Rasmussen BS, Lauridsen JR, Nielsen JS, Oldner A, Pettilä V, Cronhjort MB, Andersen LH, Pedersen UG, Reiter N, Wiies J, White JO, Russell L, Thornberg KJ, Hjortrup PB, Müller RG, Möller MH, Steensen M, Rjäder I, Kilsand K, Odeberg-Wernerman S, Sjobo B, Bundgaard H, Thyo MA, Lodahl D, Maerkdahl R, Albeck C, Illum D, Kruse M, Winkel P, Perner A; TRISS Trial Group; Scandinavian Critical Care Trials Group (2014) Lower versus higher hemoglobin threshold for transfusion in septic shock. N Engl J Med 371(15):1381–1391CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Imöhl M, Reinert RR, Tulkens PM, van der Linden M (2014) Penicillin susceptibility breakpoints for Streptococcus pneumoniae and their effect on susceptibility categorisation in Germany (1997–2013). Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis33:2035–40CrossRef Imöhl M, Reinert RR, Tulkens PM, van der Linden M (2014) Penicillin susceptibility breakpoints for Streptococcus pneumoniae and their effect on susceptibility categorisation in Germany (1997–2013). Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis33:2035–40CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Jung K, Goerdt C, Lange P, Blocher J, Djukic M, Gerber J, Spreer A, Nau R, Otto M, Schmidt H (2011) The use of S100B and Tau protein concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid for the differential diagnosis of bacterial meningitis: a retrospective analysis. Eur Neurol 66: 128–32CrossRefPubMed Jung K, Goerdt C, Lange P, Blocher J, Djukic M, Gerber J, Spreer A, Nau R, Otto M, Schmidt H (2011) The use of S100B and Tau protein concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid for the differential diagnosis of bacterial meningitis: a retrospective analysis. Eur Neurol 66: 128–32CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Kasanmoentalib ES, Brouwer MC, van der Ende A, van de Beek D (2010) Hydrocephalus in adults with community-acquired bacterial meningitis. Neurology 75(10): 918–923CrossRefPubMed Kasanmoentalib ES, Brouwer MC, van der Ende A, van de Beek D (2010) Hydrocephalus in adults with community-acquired bacterial meningitis. Neurology 75(10): 918–923CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Kaukonen KM, Bailey M, Suzuki S, Pilcher D, Bellomo R (2014) Mortality related to servere sepsis and septic shock among critically ill patients in Australia and New Zealand, 2000–2012. JAMA 311(13):1308CrossRefPubMed Kaukonen KM, Bailey M, Suzuki S, Pilcher D, Bellomo R (2014) Mortality related to servere sepsis and septic shock among critically ill patients in Australia and New Zealand, 2000–2012. JAMA 311(13):1308CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Leligdowicz A, Dodek PM, Norena M, Wong H, Kumar A, Kumar A (2014) Co-operative antimicrobial therapy of septic shock database research group. Association between source of infection and hospital mortality in patients who have septic shock. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 189(10):1204CrossRefPubMed Leligdowicz A, Dodek PM, Norena M, Wong H, Kumar A, Kumar A (2014) Co-operative antimicrobial therapy of septic shock database research group. Association between source of infection and hospital mortality in patients who have septic shock. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 189(10):1204CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Lepur D, Barsic B (2007) Community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults: antibiotic timing in disease course and outcome. Infection 35(4): 225–231CrossRefPubMed Lepur D, Barsic B (2007) Community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults: antibiotic timing in disease course and outcome. Infection 35(4): 225–231CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Nau R, Djukic M, Spreer A, Eiffert H (2013) Bacterial meningitis: new therapeutic approaches. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 11(10):1079–95CrossRefPubMed Nau R, Djukic M, Spreer A, Eiffert H (2013) Bacterial meningitis: new therapeutic approaches. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 11(10):1079–95CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Nau R, Soto A, Brück W (1999) Apoptosis of neurons in the dentate gyrus in humans suffering from bacterial meningitis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 58:265–74CrossRefPubMed Nau R, Soto A, Brück W (1999) Apoptosis of neurons in the dentate gyrus in humans suffering from bacterial meningitis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 58:265–74CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Neyra JA, Canepa-Escaro F, Li X, Manllo J, Adams-Huet B, Yee J, Yessayan L. Acute Kindney Injury in Critical Illness Study Group (2015) Association of hyperchloremia with hospital mortality in critically ill septic patients. Crit Care Med 43(9):1938–1944CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Neyra JA, Canepa-Escaro F, Li X, Manllo J, Adams-Huet B, Yee J, Yessayan L. Acute Kindney Injury in Critical Illness Study Group (2015) Association of hyperchloremia with hospital mortality in critically ill septic patients. Crit Care Med 43(9):1938–1944CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Zurück zum Zitat ProCESS Investigators, Yealy DM, Kellum JA, Huang DT, Barnato AE, Weissfeld LA, Pike F, Terndrup T, Wang HE, Hou PC, LoVecchio F, Filbin MR, Shapiro NI, Angus DC (2014) A randomized trial of protocol-based care for early septic shock. N Engl J Med 370(18):1683–1693CrossRefPubMed ProCESS Investigators, Yealy DM, Kellum JA, Huang DT, Barnato AE, Weissfeld LA, Pike F, Terndrup T, Wang HE, Hou PC, LoVecchio F, Filbin MR, Shapiro NI, Angus DC (2014) A randomized trial of protocol-based care for early septic shock. N Engl J Med 370(18):1683–1693CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Ratnaike TE, Das S, Gregson BA, Mendelow AD (2011) A review of brain abscess surgical treatment – 78 years: aspiration versus excision. World Neurosurg 76(5):431–436CrossRefPubMed Ratnaike TE, Das S, Gregson BA, Mendelow AD (2011) A review of brain abscess surgical treatment – 78 years: aspiration versus excision. World Neurosurg 76(5):431–436CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Sterling SA, Miller WR, Pryor J, Puskarich MA, Jones AE (2015) The Impact of Timing of Antibiotics on Outcomes in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Crit Care Med 43(9):1907–15CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Sterling SA, Miller WR, Pryor J, Puskarich MA, Jones AE (2015) The Impact of Timing of Antibiotics on Outcomes in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Crit Care Med 43(9):1907–15CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Zurück zum Zitat Thigpen MC, Whitney CG, Messonnier NE, Zell ER, Lynfield R, Hadler JL, Harrison LH, Farley MM, Reingold A, Bennett NM, Craig AS, Schaffner W, Thomas A, Lewis MM, Scallan E, Schuchat A, Emerging Infections Programs Network (2011) Bacterial meningitis in the United States, 1998–2007. N Engl J Med 364(21):2016CrossRefPubMed Thigpen MC, Whitney CG, Messonnier NE, Zell ER, Lynfield R, Hadler JL, Harrison LH, Farley MM, Reingold A, Bennett NM, Craig AS, Schaffner W, Thomas A, Lewis MM, Scallan E, Schuchat A, Emerging Infections Programs Network (2011) Bacterial meningitis in the United States, 1998–2007. N Engl J Med 364(21):2016CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Thwaites GE, van Toorn R, Schoeman J (2013) Tuberculous meningitis: more questions, still too few answers. Lancet Neurol 12(10):999–1010CrossRefPubMed Thwaites GE, van Toorn R, Schoeman J (2013) Tuberculous meningitis: more questions, still too few answers. Lancet Neurol 12(10):999–1010CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat van de Beek D, de Gans J, Spanjaard L, Weisfelt M, Reitsma JB, Vermeulen M (2004) Clinical features and prognostic factors in adults with bacterial meningitis. N Engl J Med 351(18):1849CrossRefPubMed van de Beek D, de Gans J, Spanjaard L, Weisfelt M, Reitsma JB, Vermeulen M (2004) Clinical features and prognostic factors in adults with bacterial meningitis. N Engl J Med 351(18):1849CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Wacker C, Prkno A, Brunkhorst FM, SchlattmannP (2013) Procalcitonin as a diagnostic marker for sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis13(5):426–35CrossRefPubMed Wacker C, Prkno A, Brunkhorst FM, SchlattmannP (2013) Procalcitonin as a diagnostic marker for sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis13(5):426–35CrossRefPubMed