Inflammation Research

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a general term for heterogeneous disorders affecting the structure and function of kidney [ 1 ], accompanying by the cognitive dysfunction [ 2 ] and poor quality of life [ 3 ]. Vascular disease caused by endothelial …

Granzymes (Gr) belong to the family of serine proteases, which are synthesized by a variety of different cell types (e.g., T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, basophils, mast cells) and stored in secretory granules which are located in effector …

Sepsis is a state of organ dysfunction as a result of altered host response to an infection which involves multiple cellular pathways [ 1 ]. Accumulating evidence suggests that the intestinal epithelium segregating the intestinal lumen from the …

Preeclampsia (PE) is a placenta-induced inflammatory disorder accompanied by maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, and the pathogenesis of PE shares an association with inflammation [ 1 ]. Approximately 3–5% of all pregnancies are affected by …

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which has the high morbidity (10%) [ 1 ] and high mortality (45–57.8%) [ 2 , 3 ] in the intensive care unit, is one of the most challenging clinical conditions to manage. Sepsis, pneumonia, and many other …