Introduction
Materials and methods
Participants
Densitometry
Definition of mathematical indexes for body lean mass and body fat mass
Index of lean mass (ILM)
Index of fat mass (IFM)
Statistical analysis
Parameter | Standardized canonical discriminant function coefficient (*) |
---|---|
Index of Lean Mass (ILM) | 0.81 |
Total lean mass, Kg | 0.44 |
Height, cm | 0.31 |
BMD upper limb, g/cm2 | 0.25 |
Parameter | Standardized canonical discriminant function coefficient (*) |
---|---|
Potassium, mEq/24 h | 0.52 |
Magnesium, mg/24 h | 0.51 |
Phosphorus, mg/24 h | 0.50 |
Creatinine, mg/24 h | 0.48 |
Citrate, mg/24 h | 0.44 |
Oxalate, mg/24 h | 0.35 |
Sodium, mEq/24 h | 0.26 |
Parameter | Standardized canonical discriminant function coefficient (*) |
---|---|
Total fat mass, Kg | 0.67 |
BMI, Kg/m2 | 0.51 |
Weight, Kg | 0.41 |
Total lower limb mass, Kg | 0.41 |
Total trunk mass, Kg | 0.37 |
Index of Fat Mass (IFM) | 0.26 |
Results
ILM and IFM validation
Group A | Group B | p (*) | p critical values (0.0029 < p < 0.0025) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Low lean mass | High lean mass | |||
ILM < 1296 | ILM > 1296 | |||
N. 39 | N. 39 | |||
ILM | 1035 ± 205 | 1625 ± 313 |
<0.0001
| ### |
Age, years | 46 ± 6 | 46 ± 6 | 0.956 | |
Menopausal, n., % (°) | 11 (28) | 8 (21) | 0.590** | |
Years from menopause | 1.4 ± 3 | 0.9 ± 2 | 0.416 | |
Weight, Kg | 65 ± 10 | 68 ± 11 | 0.268 | |
Height, cm | 159 ± 6 | 163 ± 5 |
<0.0001
| ### |
BMI, Kg/m2 | 26 ± 4 | 25 ± 4 | 0.612 | |
Total trunk mass, Kg | 31 ± 5 | 32 ± 6 | 0.289 | |
Total lower limb mass, Kg | 22 ± 4 | 23 ± 4 | 0.460 | |
Total lean mass, Kg | 40 ± 4 | 45 ± 5 |
<0.0001
| ### |
Total fat mass, Kg | 23 ± 6 | 21 ± 7 | 0.07 | |
BMD upper limbs, g/cm2 | 0.72 ± 0.04 | 0.76 ± 0.08 |
0.003
| ### |
BMD ribs, g/cm2 | 0.64 ± 0.08 | 0.68 ± 0.07 |
0.035
| |
BMD lower limbs, g/cm2 | 1.10 ± 0.07 | 1.15 ± 0.1 |
0.026
| |
BMD pelvis, g/cm2 | 1.20 ± 0.15 | 1.24 ± 0.18 | 0.307 | |
BMD lumbar vertebrae, g/cm2 | 1 ± 0.13 | 1.04 ± 0.15 | 0.217 | |
BMD femur, g/cm2 | 0.91 ± 0.12 | 0.95 ± 0.11 | 0.232 | |
T-score lumbar vertebrae (+) | −0.17 (−2.50 – 2.31) | −0.45 (−2.54 – 2.87) | 0.442*** | |
Z-score lumbar vertebrae (+) | 0.41 (−1.92 – 2.73) | 0.34 (−1.49 – 3.21) | 0.407*** | |
T-score femur (+) | −0.16 (−1.92 – 2.07) | −0.09 (−1,50 – 1.52) | 0.165*** | |
Z-score femur (+) | 0.27 (−1.52 – 2.43) | 0.37 (−1.27 – 1.93) | 0.225*** |
Group A | Group B | P (*) | p critical values (0.0038 < p < 0.003) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Low lean mass | High lean mass | |||
ILM < 1296 | ILM > 1296 | |||
N. 39 | N. 39 | |||
Volume, ml | 1603 ± 698 | 1640 ± 835 | 0.832 | |
Creatinine, mg/24 h | 991 ± 194 | 1138 ± 191 |
0.001
|
###
|
Urea, mg/24 h | 22 ± 6 | 23 ± 6 | 0.486 | |
Sodium, mEq/24 h | 124 ± 49 | 143 ± 45 | 0.072 | |
Potassium, mEq/24 h | 47 ± 13 | 60 ± 18 |
<0.001
|
###
|
Calcium, mg/24 h | 156 ± 62 | 188 ± 91 | 0.076 | |
Phosphorus, mg/24 h | 520 ± 174 | 665 ± 186 |
<0.001
|
###
|
Magnesium, mg/24 h | 66 ± 20 | 85 ± 26 |
<0.001
|
###
|
Chloride, mEq/24 h | 131 ± 50 | 151 ± 49 | 0.074 | |
Uric acid, mg/24 h | 456 ± 136 | 508 ± 116 | 0.077 | |
Citrate, mg/24 h | 620 ± 178 | 807 ± 323 |
0.002
|
###
|
Oxalate, mg/24 h | 21 ± 7 | 27 ± 11 |
0.015
| |
Sulfate, mmol/24 h | 16 ± 4 | 18 ± 5 | 0.085 | |
Ammonium, mmol/24 h | 27 ± 11 | 30 ± 9 | 0.275 | |
pH 24 h | 5.95 ± 0.51 | 5.96 ± 0.45 | 0.961 |
Group A | Group B | p (*) | |
---|---|---|---|
Low lean mass | High lean mass | ||
ILM < 1296 | ILM > 1296 | ||
N. 39 | N. 39 | ||
Water, ml | 1470 ± 560 | 1470 ± 670 | 1.000 |
PRAL, mEq | 12.75 ± 17.45 | 6.69 ± 18.85 | 0.145 |
Proteins, g/24 h | 82 ± 22 | 89 ± 30 | 0.215 |
Carbohydrates, g/24 h | 258 ± 89 | 272 ± 92 | 0.493 |
Lipids, mEq/24 h | 82 ± 29 | 93 ± 29 | 0.101 |
Sodium, mEq/24 h | 80 ± 44 | 95 ± 61 | 0.212 |
Potassium, mEq/24 h | 66 ± 18 | 73 ± 23 | 0.150 |
Calcium, mg/24 h | 757 ± 416 | 842 ± 347 | 0-330 |
Phosphorus, mg/24 h | 1150 ± 418 | 1105 ± 350 | 0.610 |
Magnesium, mg/24 h | 261 ± 97 | 295 ± 126 | 0.181 |
Group C | Group D | p (*) | p critical value (0.0036 < p < 0.0025) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Low fat mass | High fat mass | |||
IFM < 3.28 | IFM > 3.28 | |||
N. 39 | N. 39 | |||
IFM | 2.50 ± 0.42 | 5.14 ± 4.03 |
<0.0001
|
###
|
Age, years | 45 ± 6 | 47 ± 6 | 0.23 | |
Menopause, n., % (°) | 8 (21) | 11 (28) | 0.429** | |
Years from menopause | 0.8 ± 3 | 1.5 ± 3 | 0.336 | |
Weight, Kg | 60 ± 7 | 73 ± 10 |
<0.0001
|
###
|
Height, cm | 161 ± 6 | 161 ± 6 | 0.467 | |
BMI, Kg/m2 | 23 ± 2 | 28 ± 3 |
<0.0001
|
###
|
Total trunk mass, Kg | 28 ± 4 | 35 ± 6 |
<0.0001
|
###
|
Total lower limb mass, Kg | 21 ± 3 | 25 ± 3 |
<0.0001
|
###
|
Total lean mass, Kg | 41 ± 5 | 43 ± 5 | 0.064 | |
Total fat mass, Kg | 17 ± 3 | 27 ± 5 |
<0.0001
|
###
|
BMD upper limbs, g/cm2 | 0.74 ± 0.08 | 0.73 ± 0.06 | 0.347 | |
BMD ribs, g/cm2 | 0.66 ± 0.08 | 0.66 ± 0.07 | 0.886 | |
BMD lower limbs, g/cm2 | 1.13 ± 0.09 | 1.13 ± 0.09 | 0.896 | |
BMD pelvis, g/cm2 | 1.18 ± 0.15 | 1.27 ± 0.17 |
0.013
| |
BMD lumbar vertebrae, g/cm2 | 0.98 ± 0.13 | 1.06 ± 0.14 |
0.018
| |
BMD femur, g/cm2 | 0.90 ± 0.10 | 0.96 ± 0.12 |
0.025
| |
T-score lumbar vertebrae (+) | −0.55 (−2.54 – 2.87) | 0.25 (−2.50 – 2.68) | 0.013*** | |
Z-score lumbar vertebrae (+) | −0.13 (−1.92 – 3.19) | 0.63 (−1.46 – 3.21) | 0.004*** | |
T-score femur (+) | −0.52 (−1.55 – 1.25) | 0.24 (−1.92 – 2–07) | 0.034*** | |
Z-score femur (+) | −0.18 (−1.27 – 1.93) | 0.61 (−1.52 – 2.43) | 0.014*** |
Group C | Group D | p (*) | |
---|---|---|---|
Low fat mass | High fat mass | ||
IFM < 3.28 | IFM > 3.28 | ||
N. 39 | N. 39 | ||
Volume, ml | 1692 ± 793 | 1551 ± 740 | 0.418 |
Creatinine, mg/24 h | 1034 ± 201 | 1095 ± 207 | 0.188 |
Urea, mg/24 h | 22 ± 6 | 22 ± 6 | 0.807 |
Sodium, mEq/24 h | 130 ± 45 | 137 ± 51 | 0.501 |
Potassium, mEq/24 h | 55 ± 18 | 53 ± 17 | 0.677 |
Calcium, mg/24 h | 178 ± 90 | 167 ± 67 | 0.537 |
Phosphorus, mg/24 h | 574 ± 196 | 611 ± 192 | 0.402 |
Magnesium, mg/24 h | 80 ± 28 | 71 ± 21 | 0.138 |
Chloride, mEq/24 h | 138 ± 48 | 144 ± 53 | 0.622 |
Uric acid, mg/24 h | 469 ± 120 | 495 ± 136 | 0.363 |
Citrate, mg/24 h | 736 ± 292 | 691 ± 261 | 0.478 |
Oxalate, mg/24 h | 23 ± 7 | 26 ± 12 | 0.162 |
Sulfate, mmol/24 h | 17 ± 4 | 17 ± 5 | 0.526 |
Ammonium, mmol/24 h | 28 ± 9 | 29 ± 12 | 0.881 |
pH 24 h | 6.00 ± 0.43 | 5.92 ± 0.53 | 0.451 |
Group C | Group D | p (*) | |
---|---|---|---|
Low fat mass | High fat mass | ||
IFM < 3.28 | IFM > 3.28 | ||
N. 39 | N. 39 | ||
Water, ml | 1530 ± 650 | 1410 ± 580 | 0.371 |
PRAL, mEq | 11.30 ± 16.60 | 6.10 ± 20.02 | 0.217 |
Proteins, g/24 h | 90 ± 29 | 81 ± 20 | 0.131 |
Carbohydrates, g/24 h | 278 ± 92 | 252 ± 87 | 0.204 |
Lipids, mEq/24 h | 93 ± 32 | 82 ± 25 | 0.112 |
Sodium, mEq/24 h | 92 ± 59 | 82 ± 25 | 0.112 |
Potassium, mEq/24 h | 71 ± 23 | 68 ± 19 | 0.521 |
Calcium, mg/24 h | 880 ± 403 | 719 ± 349 | 0.062 |
Phosphorus, mg/24 h | 1199 ± 440 | 1056 ± 308 | 0.100 |
Magnesium, mg/24 h | 288 ± 114 | 268 ± 112 | 0.426 |